2023年第3期共收录46篇

1. Analysis of Effect of Disease Stress on Maize LAI Remote Sensing Estimation

Accession number: 20232114129604

Title of translation: LAI

Authors: Liu, Shuaibing (1); Jin, Xiuliang (2, 3); Feng, Haikuan (4); Nie, Chenwei (2, 3); Bai, Yi (2); Cheng, Minghan (2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430079, China; (2) Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (3) National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya; 572024, China; (4) Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 246-258

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Leaf area index (LAI) is a significant phenotypic parameter to characterize maize growth information. Accurate estimation of LAI under disease stress using UAV with multispectral camera is important for phenotypic research and breeding engineering. Maize disease is a common problem in the process of germplasm resources identification and breeding. The remote sensing estimation of maize LAI under the condition of disease occurrence needs to be considered. Firstly, the LAI data of different disease severities ( grade 1 ? 9 ) were obtained from 41 maize inbred lines with different disease resistances by artificial inoculation. The leaf-scale ASD FieldSpec PRO 4 hyperspectral data of maize were collected to classify the disease resistance of different maize germplasm resources. The hyperspectral indexes related to leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll and specific leaf weight were constructed, and the recognition models of different maize disease grades were developed. To identify different maize disease grades, the hyperspectral indexes relating to leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll, and specific leaf weight were developed and used in the recognition models. Four integrated learning models, K-nearest neighbours (KNN), support vector machine ( SVM ), gradient boosting decision tree ( GBDT) and decision tree ( DT) were constructed to classify the disease resistance of different maize germplasm resources. Multi-spectral images were obtained from the Rededge - MX5 multispectral camera carried on DJI Matrice M600 Pro (UAV) at different stages of maize growth. Based on red edge and near infrared bands, a variety of vegetation indices were constructed to estimate the maize LAI. According to maize disease recognition model, different disease stress levels were classified and identified. The robustness of LAI estimation model under different disease stress was discussed by using the four integrated machine learning models of random forest regression (RFR), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and GBDT. The results showed that based on the ground ASD hyperspectral recognition accuracy of OA; 84. 72% ( GBDT ), 47. 67% ( SVM ), 55. 05% ( KNN ) and 83. 02% ( DT ), respectively, according to the classification of maize disease degree in different growth stages. The early stages of maize infection were difficult to distinguish from healthy leaves due to the mild symptoms of the disease. As the severity of maize disease was increased, the difference between healthy leaves and diseased spots in images was gradually increased, resulting in higher accuracy than maize early growth stage. In order to estimate the LAI for maize under different disease grades, UAV multi-spectral image data were used based on the results of disease classification. Four integrated learning models were constructed to estimate the LAI of different disease grades. The result accuracy ( rRMSE) of the LAI estimation model was 19.11% (GBDT), 15.94% (LightGBM), 14.51% (RFR) and 15.45% (XGBoost), respectively. The XGBoost model had the best estimation result, and the accuracy of rRMSE: 15.19% (Mild), 17.46% ( Moderate), 9. 12% (Severe) and 9. 63% ( No resistant) under different disease grades. The LAI estimation model generally had little difference in the estimation accuracy of maize LAI in the early and middle stages of the disease (disease grade 1 ? 7). The accuracy of maize LAI estimation results was quite different for maize samples with extremely serious disease, and disease grades in the field would affect the accuracy of maize LAI estimation. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 68

Main heading: Decision trees

Controlled terms: Adaptive boosting? - ?Cameras? - ?Chlorophyll? - ?Conservation? - ?Forestry? - ?Infrared devices? - ?Learning systems? - ?Nearest neighbor search? - ?Nitrogen? - ?Remote sensing ? - ?Support vector machines? - ?Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Uncontrolled terms: Disease resistance? - ?Disease stress? - ?Estimation models? - ?Germplasms? - ?Gradient boosting? - ?HyperSpectral? - ?Leaf Area Index? - ?Maize disease? - ?Multi-spectral? - ?Recognition models

Classification code: 652.1 Aircraft, General? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?742.2 Photographic Equipment? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?804.1 Organic Compounds? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory? - ?921.5 Optimization Techniques? - ?961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.20E+01%, Percentage 1.451E+01%, Percentage 1.519E+01%, Percentage 1.545E+01%, Percentage 1.594E+01%, Percentage 1.746E+01%, Percentage 1.911E+01%, Percentage 2.00E+00%, Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 6.30E+01%, Percentage 6.70E+01%, Percentage 7.20E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.024

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

2. Expansion Characteristics and Planting Suitability Assessment of Orchard Based on Linear Spectral Mixed Decomposition

Accession number: 20232114129669

Title of translation:

Authors: Xiao, Xiao (1); Liu, Ming (2); He, Qijin (1); Hu, Qiyuan (3); Gao, Xiang (3); Lun, Fei (3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning of Administrative Committee of Xiongan New Area, Hebei; 071700, China; (3) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 234-245

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The planting area of cash crops represented by orchards has expanded rapidly, which has not only obtained certain economic benefits, but also caused a series of ecological and environmental problems. Carrying out research on orchard expansion and its evolution characteristics is an important part of helping the sustainable development of orchards. Taking Qixia, Laiyang and Haiyang, the main apple producing areas in Yantai City, Shandong Province as the research areas, based on the land use data extracted by the linear spectral mixed decomposition method, the changes in the orchard planting area in the study area from 1998 to 2019 were analyzed. Combined with expansion intensity, expansion rate and landscape pattern index, the characteristics and laws of local orchard expansion and evolution were analyzed. The results showed that during the study period, orchard showed a continuous expansion trend, and it was clearly divided into two stages; rapid expansion (1998-2010) and stable expansion (2010- 2019). The orchards were expanded by 409.25 km’ and 684.71 km’ respectively; in addition, about 68. 11% of the orchard expansion occurred in Qixia, which led to the formation of an agricultural economic development model based on orchard planting. From 1998 to 2019, the main sources of orchard expansion were forest and cultivation, and their contribution rates were about 23.55% and 55.52%. Single cropping was the main source of cultivation, and the contribution rate of orchard expansion was as high as 42. 51%, while bare land contributed the least. After 2010, the expansion of orchard in the study area was changed from filled to scattered, the degree of aggregation of the orchard structure was decreased, and the degree of fragmentation was increased. In addition, the expansion of orchard mainly occurred in high altitudes and mountains, and priority was given to expansion. The area had sufficient climatic resources and excellent natural geographical conditions, which were conducive to the growth and development of apple trees. When the orchard was expanded to a certain scale, it would be limited by factors such as altitude, slope and rural labor, and gradually expanded to areas with relatively poor terrain conditions, which may cause the orchard ‘ s unbalanced income and expenditure and greater potential water and soil environmental risks, the local government should pay attention. The overall planting suitability of orchard planting area in Qixia was high, and the external environment for orchard growth and development was good, especially climatic condition. Affected by soil conditions, the external input of fruit tree planting areas in Laiyang and Haiyang was relatively large. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 45

Main heading: Orchards

Controlled terms: Crops? - ?Cultivation? - ?Economic and social effects? - ?Forestry? - ?Fruits? - ?Land use? - ?Landforms? - ?Sustainable development? - ?Vegetation

Uncontrolled terms: Evolution characteristics? - ?Landscape pattern indices? - ?Orchard expansion? - ?Planting areas? - ?Planting suitability assessment? - ?Plantings? - ?Spatial and temporal evolution characteristic? - ?Spatial evolution? - ?Spectral mixed decomposition? - ?Temporal evolution

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development? - ?481.1 Geology? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.10E+01%, Percentage 2.355E+01%, Percentage 5.10E+01%, Percentage 5.552E+01%, Size 4.0925E+05m, Size 6.8471E+05m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.023

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

3. Endosperm Crack Detection Method for Seed Dipping Maize Based on YOLO v5 OBB and CT Technology

Accession number: 20232114129549

Title of translation: YOLO v5-OBBCT

Authors: Song, Huaibo (1, 2); Jiao, Yitao (1, 2); Hua, Zhixin (1, 2); Li, Rong (1, 2); Xu, Xingshi (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 394-401 and 439

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Seed immersion is an important pre-sowing seed enhancement technology in maize production, and efficient detection of cracks during seed immersion is the basis for analyzing the change pattern of endosperm cracks during seed immersion, which is one of the keys to the selection and breeding of good varieties of traits, and there are still difficulties such as internal endosperm cracks are not visible and the degree of automation is not high. Based on CT scanning technology, a rotating target detection network named YOLO v5 - OBB was designed based on YOLO v5n detection network, where OBB used rotating rectangular box instead of normal rectangular box and added CA model in the Backbone part. The network used a rotating rectangular box instead of a normal rectangular box, and added CA model in the Backbone part, and also used Skew - NMS for non-maximal suppression to obtain the final prediction box, so as to achieve the detection of corn endosperm cracks with relatively large length and width and different directions. After 300 iterations of training, the model had a precision of 94.2%, a recall of 81. 7%, and an average precision of 88. 2% on the test set, with model size of 4.21 MB and average detection time of 0.01 s for a single image, which improved the AP value by 15.0, 16.9, and 7.0 percentage points compared with the SASM, S2A - Net, and ReDet models, respectively, and the average detection time of single image was reduced by 0.19 s, 0.22 s, and 0.46 s, respectively, while the YOLO v5 - OBB model size was 1. 50%, 1. 43%, and 1. 73% of the SASM, S2A - Net, and ReDet models, respectively, with an increase in AP value of 0.6 percentage points, a decrease in model size of 0.19 MB and an unchanged average detection time of 0.01 s for a single image compared with that of the YOLO v5 network with horizontal rectangular box labeling. Comparing the crack length information obtained from the YOLO v5 - OBB network after obtaining the crack target frame coordinate information with the real length of the crack obtained in DragonflyEZ software, the absolute error of both was 0.04 mm and the relative error was 0.93%. The results on the detection of corn endosperm cracks with different CT gray value distributions showed that the model had P values of 100%, 100%, and 93. 3%, R values of 100%, 82. 4%, and 79. 8%, and AP values of 99. 5%, 91. 2%, and 86. 8% for the three types of corn endosperm crack images with smaller gray values, larger gray values, and mixed gray values, respectively. The results showed that the designed model can effectively achieve the detection of corn endosperm cracks, and at the same time, the model was highly robust and took up little storage, which can provide necessary technical support for the automatic monitoring of corn endosperm cracks during seed dipping. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Image enhancement

Controlled terms: Computerized tomography? - ?Crack detection

Uncontrolled terms: Corn endosperm? - ?Corn endosperm cracking? - ?CT scanning? - ?Grey values? - ?Machine? - ?Model size? - ?Rectangular box? - ?Rotating target detection? - ?Targets detection? - ?YOLO v5

Classification code: 723.5 Computer Applications

Numerical data indexing: Electric current 2.00E+00A, Percentage 1.00E+02%, Percentage 2.00E+00%, Percentage 3.00E+00%, Percentage 4.00E+00%, Percentage 4.30E+01%, Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 5.00E+01%, Percentage 7.00E+00%, Percentage 7.30E+01%, Percentage 8.00E+00%, Percentage 9.30E-01%, Percentage 9.42E+01%, Size 4.00E-05m, Time 1.00E-02s, Time 1.90E-01s, Time 2.20E-01s, Time 4.60E-01s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.040

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

4. Fast Nondestructive Discrimination of Yingde Black Tea Grade Based on Fusion of Image Spectral Features of Hyperspectral Technique

Accession number: 20232114135670

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Cuiling (1); Qin, Dong (1); Ling, Caijin (2, 3); Sun, Xiaorong (4); Gao, Liyang (2, 3); Zan, Jiarui (4)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Industry Industrial Internet and Big Data of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (3) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (4) Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing; 100048, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 402-410

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Tea grade evaluation is an important technical index to detect the quality of tea leaves. By extracting image features and spectral features under hyperspectral imaging technique of black tea, a fast and nondestructive discriminative model based on the map fusion method was constructed to be applicable to the grade evaluation of Yingde black tea. Firstly, three different grades of black tea samples were prepared, and the spectral data were visualized by dimensionality reduction using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and principal component analysis, and then the characteristic wavelengths of each chemical value were extracted from the perspective of influencing the intrinsic quality by successive projections algorithm, followed by the best combination of characteristic wavelengths characterizing its intrinsic quality by multi-model consensus strategy and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling - successive projections algorithm screening, followed by the establishment of a genetic algorithm optimization support vector machine based grade discrimination model, and the accuracy of its model was 88% for the training set and 78. 33% for the prediction set. In order to fuse the shape and texture differences, the hyperspectral image corresponding to the best feature wavelength combination were firstly extracted; and then the image mask was used to eliminate the interference of the background and the principal component analysis was used to eliminate the redundant information between multi-wavelength images, and then the gray level covariance matrix and local binary pattern algorithms were used to extract the three-dimensional principal component images before principal component analysis and fuse them with feature spectra, moreover, the genetic algorithm optimized support vector machine grade discrimination model based on feature fusion was established, and the best discrimination effect was based on the third principal component image feature fusion model, which the accuracy of the training set was improved to be 98% and the accuracy of the prediction set was improved to be 96. 67%. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Principal component analysis

Controlled terms: Covariance matrix? - ?Genetic algorithms? - ?Hyperspectral imaging? - ?Image analysis? - ?Image enhancement? - ?Image fusion? - ?Local binary pattern? - ?Quality control? - ?Stochastic models? - ?Stochastic systems ? - ?Support vector machines? - ?Textures? - ?Three dimensional computer graphics

Uncontrolled terms: Black tea? - ?Black tea grade? - ?Fusion of image spectral feature? - ?Image features? - ?Model-based OPC? - ?Non destructive? - ?Principal-component analysis? - ?Spectral feature? - ?Successive projections algorithm? - ?Support vectors machine

Classification code: 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?746 Imaging Techniques? - ?913.3 Quality Assurance and Control? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?922.1 Probability Theory? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics? - ?961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.30E+01%, Percentage 6.70E+01%, Percentage 8.80E+01%, Percentage 9.80E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.041

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

5. Recognition Method of Heavily Occluded Beef Cattle Targets Based on ECA YOLO v5s

Accession number: 20232114129519

Title of translation: ECA-YOLO v5s

Authors: Song, Huaibo (1, 2); Li, Rong (1, 2); Wang, Yunfei (1, 2); Jiao, Yitao (1, 2); Hua, Zhixin (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 274-281

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Beef cattle target detection and quantity statistics are the first key problems should be solved in fine, automatic and intelligent beef cattle breeding. However, in the detection process, the existing beef cattle target detection methods cannot be applied to the actual beef cattle breeding because the beef cattle target colors are similar and there are severe occlusion with each other. Based on YOLO v5s and ECABasicBlock, a multi-target beef cattle detection method named ECA - YOLO v5s was proposed. The improvement method was to add three layers ECABasicBlock to the backbone feature extraction network of YOLO v5s model. YOLO v5s network, which integrated channel information, realized the accurate recognition of multi-target beef cattle in severe occlusion environment. A method of eliminating redundant images based on structural similarity was adopted to ensure the quality of beef cattle images. After labeling the beef cattle image obtained by framing the monitoring video of the farm, it was sent to ECA - YOLO v5s network for beef cattle target detection. After 300 iterations of training, the accuracy of the model was 89. 8%, the recall rate was 76. 9%, the mAP was 85. 3%, the detection speed was 76.9 f/s, and the model size was 24 MB. Compared with YOLO v5s models, the precision value, recall value and mAP value of the EGA - YOLO v5s were 1.0 percentage points, 0.8 percentage points and 2.2 percentage points higher than those of YOLO v5s, respectively. Simultaneously, the performance differences of different attention mechanisms applied to YOLO v5s were compared, and the four attention mechanisms of CBAM, CA, SE and EGA were compared. By comparison, the mAP value of EGA -YOLO v5s was 0.5 percentage points, 0.6 percentage points and 0.2 percentage points higher than that of GBAM, GA and SE, respectively. It could be seen that the network effect of integrating EGA module was the best. The detection results of different occlusion and illumination conditions were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that EGA - YOLO v5s network can accurately and quickly detect beef targets with different occlusion and illumination conditions. The model had high robustness and small model, which was convenient for the migration and application of the model, and the research result can provide necessary technical support for the research of beef cattle target detection and pledge supervision. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Beef

Uncontrolled terms: Beef cattle? - ?Cattle breedings? - ?Detection methods? - ?Egabasicblock? - ?Heavily occluded environment? - ?Multi-targets? - ?Percentage points? - ?Severe occlusions? - ?Targets detection? - ?YOLO v5s

Classification code: 822.3 Food Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.00E+00%, Percentage 8.00E+00%, Percentage 9.00E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.027

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

6. Terrain Following Flight for Plant Protection UAV Based on Multi-rate Kalman Filter

Accession number: 20232114129639

Title of translation:

Authors: Shen, Yue (1); Zhang, Niati (1); Sun, Zhiwei (1); Shen, Yayun (1); Liu, Hui (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Electrical and Information Engineerings, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 190-197

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problems that the quadrotor plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has poor adaptability in sloping land and imprecise height measurement accuracy during operation, a terrain following flight method based on multi-rate Kalman filtering fusion of stereo vision, barometer and inertial measurement unit (IMU) information was proposed to estimate the height of UAV. Firstly, the ZED2 camera was used to obtain the binocular image of the ground below the UAV, and the point cloud information corresponding to the binocular image was calculated through the parallax principle. After analyzing the relationship between the height of the point cloud, the attitude of the UAV and the best visual detection area, an adaptive algorithm for the visual detection area was proposed to select the ground detection area. The accurate visual ground height was obtained by analyzing the point cloud data of the detection area. Secondly, a multi-rate Kalman filter model was established which fused the visual height, barometer and IMU information to estimate the height above the ground of the UAV. Finally, a two-level control system was composed of an NVIDIA microcomputer and a flight controller. The UAV’s height estimation and terrain following flight performance were verified by flight experiments. The height estimation results of remote-control flight showed that the method proposed can achieve height estimation with an absolute average error of 46.8 mm and a standard deviation of 38.2 mm under large height changes. The autonomous terrain following flight experiment showed that when the flight height was set to be 2 m and the speed was I m/s, 2 m/s and 3 m/s, respectively, no matter on the flat ground or the gentle slope of 15°, the absolute average error of height estimation was less than 20 mm, and the standard deviation of height estimation was less than 30 mm; the absolute average error of height control was less than 30 mm, and the standard deviation of height control was less than 30 mm. The research result verified the effectiveness of the plant protection UAV in the terrain changing scene, and laid a foundation for the automatic operation of the plant protection UAV in complex terrain. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Kalman filters

Controlled terms: Adaptive algorithms? - ?Air navigation? - ?Aircraft detection? - ?Antennas? - ?Errors? - ?Flight control systems? - ?Geometrical optics? - ?Information filtering? - ?Landforms? - ?Remote control ? - ?Statistics? - ?Stereo image processing? - ?Stereo vision? - ?Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Uncontrolled terms: Aerial vehicle? - ?Average errors? - ?Height estimation? - ?Multi rate? - ?Multi-rate kalman filter? - ?Plant protection? - ?Plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle? - ?Standard deviation? - ?Terrain following? - ?Terrain following flight

Classification code: 431.5 Air Navigation and Traffic Control? - ?481.1 Geology? - ?652.1 Aircraft, General? - ?652.3 Aircraft Instruments and Equipment? - ?716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?741.1 Light/Optics? - ?741.2 Vision? - ?903.1 Information Sources and Analysis? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Size 2.00E+00m, Size 2.00E-02m, Size 3.00E-02m, Size 3.82E-02m, Size 4.68E-02m, Velocity 2.00E+00m/s, Velocity 3.00E+00m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.019

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

7. Estimation of Farmland Soil Salinity Content Based on Feature Optimization and Machine Learning Algorithms

Accession number: 20232114129636

Title of translation:

Authors: Han, Wenting (1, 2); Cui, Jiawei (2, 3); Gui, Xiti (1, 2); Ma, Weitong (2, 3); Li, Guang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 7121Q0, China; (3) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 328-337

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Soil salinization is one of the important factors affecting agricultural sustainable development, to get the accurate and timely soil salinity content, and realize precision monitoring of salinization, taking covered fields in the territory of Wuyuan Gounty, Bayinnaoer Gity in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the research object, exploring UAV multispectral remote sensing platform combined with machine learning model to estimate the feasibility of different depths soil salinity. Firstly, UAV equipped with five-band multi-spectral camera was used to acquire high spatio-temporal resolution remote sensing image data, and soil salinity data at different depths of the ground were collected synchronously. Pearson correlation coefficient method (PGG), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and gray correlation analysis (GRA) were used to optimize the spectral index. Then decision tree ( DT), back propagation neural network (BPNN), support vector machine ( SVM) and random forest (RF) machine learning methods were used to establish inversion models of soil salinity in farmland with different depths under vegetation coverage. The results showed that scheme 3 ( XGBoost - GRA) variable optimization method can effectively screen out the sensitive spectral index, and the accuracy of the optimized spectral index based on this method was higher than that of the inversion model constructed by using only PCC or XGBoost method. By comparing the performance of different modeling methods at different soil depths, it can be seen that the RF model of random forest had the best overall performance, and the other three inversion models had also achieved better prediction effect. The prediction effect of 0 ? 20 cm soil depth was the best among the three soil depths. Among them, the determination coefficient R2, root mean square error (RMSE) and ratio of performance to inter-quartile distance ( RPIQ) of the model with the highest accuracy were 0.820, 0.044% and 2.273, respectively. Moreover, the spatial distribution map of 0 ? 20 cm soil salinity drawn based on the best inversion model could reflect the degree of soil salinization. The research result showed that the combination of feature variable optimization and machine learning model can better estimate the soil salt content based on the UAV remote sensing platform. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 40

Main heading: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Controlled terms: Agriculture? - ?Backpropagation? - ?Correlation methods? - ?Decision trees? - ?Forecasting? - ?Learning systems? - ?Mean square error? - ?Neural networks? - ?Remote sensing? - ?Soils ? - ?Support vector machines

Uncontrolled terms: Content-based? - ?Inversion models? - ?Performance? - ?Prediction modelling? - ?Salinity monitoring? - ?Soil depth? - ?Soil salinity? - ?Spectral indices? - ?UAV remote sensing? - ?Variables selections

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?652.1 Aircraft, General? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?723.4 Artificial Intelligence? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics? - ?961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.40E-02%, Size 2.00E-01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.033

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

8. Regulation of Cultivated Land Use Structure in Black Soil Region of Northeast China Based on Perspective of Grain Planting Structure

Accession number: 20232114129492

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Hongmei (1); Song, Ge (2, 3); Yao, Shuangshuang (4)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Public Management, Liaoning University, Shenyang; 110136, China; (2) School of Humanities and Law, Northeast University, Shenyang; 110169, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Land Protection and Use, Department of Natural Resources of Liaoning Province, Shenyang; 110169, China; (4) Shenyang Urban Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shenyang; 110004, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 198-209

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Scientific simulation and regulation of cultivated land use structure is an important means to realize the optimization of planting structure, and it is of great significance to alleviate the structural contradiction between food supply and demand. Taking the typical counties in the black soil area of Northeast China as an example, a system dynamics ( SD ) model of cultivated land use was built to predict the planting area, yield and income of the main food crops; rice, corn and soybean. Based on the multi-scenario simulation, including economy, technology and market, the regulation path of cultivated land use structure was proposed. The results showed that the SD model had a good simulation effect, and the average deviation was less than 10%. It was predicted that from 2019 to 2030, the acreage of rice and soybeans would gradually increase, and the acreage of corn would decrease slowly. The yield of rice and corn would both increase, and the yield of soybean would increase first and then decrease. There were obvious differences in the simulation results of the three crops under different scenarios. The improvement of GDP level, the increase of agricultural technology input and the regulation of agricultural product prices would be beneficial to the increase of rice planting area, yield and income. Raising farmers’ income levels, strengthening agricultural technical support and regulating agricultural prices would significantly promote the increase of soybean planting area, yield and income in the future. However, the regulation of farmers’ income, agricultural technology and agricultural product prices had little effect on improving the cultivated land use structure of corn. The optimization of cultivated land use structure can be achieved by establishing a subsidy policy for planting structure adjustment, promoting the transformation and upgrading of agricultural mechanization, and improving the agricultural product market system. The research systematically explained the relationship between the factors of cultivated land use and the internal logic of structural changes, and clarified the regulation path of the cultivated land use structure of main food crops under different scenarios, providing a basis for the formulation of regional optimization policies for the future grain production structure, and for realizing the dynamic balance of food supply and demand. It was of great significance to promote the efficient and sustainable use of cultivated land resources. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Grain (agricultural product)

Controlled terms: Commerce? - ?Costs? - ?Crops? - ?Food supply? - ?Land use? - ?Structural optimization? - ?System theory

Uncontrolled terms: Black soil? - ?Black soil area of northeast china? - ?Cultivated land use? - ?Cultivated lands? - ?Grain planting structure? - ?Land-use structures? - ?Northeast China? - ?Plantings? - ?Regulation path? - ?System dynamics modelling

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?822.3 Food Products? - ?911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics? - ?921.5 Optimization Techniques? - ?961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.020

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

9. Real-time 3D Terrain Measurement Method and Experiment in Farmland Leveling

Accession number: 20232114129684

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Pei (1, 2); Feng, Dawen (1); Chen, Gaolong (1); He, Jie (1, 2); Hu, Lian (1, 2); Peng, Jingyi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Maoming Branch Center, Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Maoming; 525000, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 41-48

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to improve the real-time measurement accuracy of field surface topography in the area behind the leveling in the process of farmland leveling operation, a real-time measurement method of 3D topography in the process of farmland precision leveling was proposed. Using a supported-wheel dryland grader installed with GNSS dual antennas and attitude sensors as a terrain measurement platform, the Kalman filter was firstly used to fuse GNSS and acceleration to improve the positioning accuracy and frequency, and then the vehicle coordinates of the bottom point of the supported wheel were obtained by establishing the kinematic model of the grader, and finally the geodetic coordinates of the bottom point of the supported wheel were solved by combining the information of the position of grader and the topographic map was generated by using the nearest neighbor interpolation method. The test verification showed that this method can accurately solve the coordinates of the bottom point of the support wheel, and the root mean square error of the plane measurement was less than 10 mm, and the root mean square error of the elevation deviation was not more than 20 mm. The test results of cement pavement showed that the root mean square error of the elevation difference between the measured value and the true value was less than 30 mm when the three-dimensional terrain of the same section of cement pavement was measured at three different speeds. The field test results showed that the root mean square error of the measured terrain was 16. 5 mm, flatness was 16 mm, and the elevation difference distribution less than 30 mm was 95. 8%. Compared with the airborne GNSS measurement method, the root mean square error accuracy was improved by 29. 5 %, flatness accuracy was improved by 11. 1 %, and height difference distribution column accuracy was improved by 9. 5%. The method proposed can obtain the topographic information of the area behind the leveling in real time and accurately during the leveling operation, and provide a basis for the research of real-time path planning of unmanned farmland leveling. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Kalman filters

Controlled terms: Cements? - ?Errors? - ?Farms? - ?Global positioning system? - ?Kinematics? - ?Landforms? - ?Mean square error? - ?Motion planning? - ?Pavements? - ?Time measurement ? - ?Topography? - ?Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: 3-d terrains? - ?Farmland leveling? - ?GNSS? - ?Levelings? - ?Measurement accuracy? - ?Measurement experiments? - ?Measurement methods? - ?Real time measurements? - ?Real- time? - ?Root mean square errors

Classification code: 412.1 Cement? - ?481.1 Geology? - ?601.2 Machine Components? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics? - ?931.1 Mechanics? - ?943.3 Special Purpose Instruments? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00E00%, Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 8.00E+00%, Size 1.00E-02m, Size 1.60E-02m, Size 2.00E-02m, Size 3.00E-02m, Size 5.00E-03m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.004

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

10. Counting Cigar Tobacco Plants from UAV Multispectral Images via Key Points Detection Approach

Accession number: 20232114129547

Title of translation:

Authors: Rao, Xiongfei (1); Zhou, Longyu (2); Yang, Chunlei (1); Liao, Shipeng (2, 3); Li, Xiaokun (2, 3); Liu, Shishi (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan; 430030, China; (2) School of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 266-273

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Tobacco is an important industrial crop in China. The survival rate and growing status of tobacco plants after being transplanted to the field are essential for the field management and yield predictions. However, counting the number of live plants is traditionally conducted by labors, which is time consuming and expensive. Unmanned aerial vehicle is a cost-effective option for monitoring croplands and plantations. However, visual inspection for such images can be a challenging and biased task, specifically for locating and detecting plants. As tobacco plant has a characteristic center-oriented feature, a novel deep-learning algorithm was developed to locate and count tobacco plants via key points detection method, instead of using a common bounding-box object-detection approach. The proposed deep learning algorithm was tested on the cigar plants. In the algorithm, the center of each plant was firstly annotated with a point, and a Gaussian probability density was derived to provide useful information of morphological features. Secondly, different backbones and loss functions in the proposed algorithm were evaluated. Using ResNetlS as a backbone provided the most accurate prediction of the plant number (average precision higher than 99.5%). MobileNetV2 was the most efficient backbone, but the uncertainty of predictions was higher than that of ResNetlS. The combination of Focal Loss function and MSE Loss function (Union loss) reached the highest accuracy (average precision higher than 99. 5% ) while reduced the uncertainty. Finally, the evaluation of different combinations of multispectral bands showed that the combination of red-edge, red, and green bands had a better performance than using red, green, and blue bands in differentiating tobacco plants and weeds, resulting in less uncertainty in the tobacco plant detection. The proposed algorithm can accurately locate and count tobacco plant in the UAV images, providing an effective tool and a valuable data support for planting high-quality tobaccos. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Tobacco

Controlled terms: Aircraft detection? - ?Antennas? - ?Cost effectiveness? - ?Crops? - ?Deep learning? - ?Forecasting? - ?Learning algorithms? - ?Object detection? - ?Remote sensing? - ?Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Uncontrolled terms: Cigar tobacco? - ?Deep learning? - ?Key point detection? - ?Keypoints? - ?Loss functions? - ?Multispectral remote sensing? - ?Point detection? - ?Tobacco plants? - ?UAV multispectral remote sensing? - ?Uncertainty

Classification code: 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering? - ?652.1 Aircraft, General? - ?716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?723.4.2 Machine Learning? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?911.2 Industrial Economics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 9.95E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.026

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

11. Measuring Device for Soil Physical or Mechanical Properties of Rapeseed Direct Planting Field

Accession number: 20232114129693

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Qingsong (1, 2); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2); Wang, Zetian (1); Chen, Jie (1); Zhu, Longtu (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 68-78

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Considering the problem that the indoor measurement of soil physical or mechanical properties is time-consuming in laborious, and the function of instruments in the field measurement is single, a measuring device for farmland soil physical and mechanical characteristics was designed. The device can measure soil moisture content, firmness, cohesion and internal friction angle, and the measurement results can be displayed and stored in the mobile APP. It realized walking control based on self-propelled mobile platform. An STM32 single chip microcomputer was used as the core controller, an FDR sensor was used to obtain the soil moisture content, and the soil firmness and shear strength parameters, including cohesion and internal friction angle were measured through the cone penetration component. In addition, the measurement principles of the cone penetration component and the soil moisture content detection component of the device were analyzed, the hardware circuit and software of the device measurement control system were designed, and the input and output responses of cylindrical pressure sensor, thin film pressure sensor and soil moisture sensor were determined by sensor calibration test, respectively. Totally 71 soil samples were selected, and the mathematical measuring models of soil cohesion and internal friction angle were established by the least square method based on the sample moisture content and sample friction coefficient data obtained based on the conical force balance relationship. The model fitting coefficient R was 0. 932 and 0.956, respectively. Field measurement experiments were carried out to measure soil moisture content, firmness, cohesion and internal friction angle. The results showed that compared with AYD - 2 type soil firmness meter, oven drying method and ZJ - D type direct shear instrument, the average relative errors of soil firmness, soil moisture content, cohesion and internal friction angle measured by the measuring device of farmland soil physical and mechanical properties were 3. 34%, 5.06%, 10. 40% and 8.20%, respectively. The research result can provide a reference for the development of a fast and integrated measurement device for multiple physical and mechanical properties of farmland soil. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 24

Main heading: Shear strength

Controlled terms: Farms? - ?Least squares approximations? - ?Moisture control? - ?Moisture determination? - ?Moisture meters? - ?Pressure sensors? - ?Software testing? - ?Soil moisture? - ?Soil surveys? - ?Soil testing

Uncontrolled terms: Farmland soils? - ?Internal friction angle? - ?Measuring device? - ?Plantings? - ?Rapesed direct planting field? - ?Soil firmness? - ?Soil mechanical properties? - ?Soil moisture content? - ?Soil physical property? - ?Soil shear strength

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?731.3 Specific Variables Control? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods? - ?944.1 Moisture Measuring Instruments? - ?944.2 Moisture Measurements? - ?944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.40E+01%, Percentage 4.00E+01%, Percentage 5.06E+00%, Percentage 8.20E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.007

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

12. Design and Implementation of Blockchain Hierarchical Supervision Model for Wheat Supply Chain

Accession number: 20232114129590

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Xiuhua (1); Luo, Qian (1, 2); Yang, Xinting (2, 3); Luo, Na (2, 3); Xu, Darning (2, 3); Sun, Chuanheng (2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Electrical Engineerings, Guangxi University, Manning; 530004, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-product Quality Trace ability, Beijing; 100097, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 363-371

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of single supervision, centralized rights, and privacy leakage in the supervision process of the existing agricultural product traceability system, a blockchain hierarchical supervision model for wheat supply chain was designed and implemented after in-depth research on the characteristics of the whole business process of the wheat milling industry. In traditional traceability system of agricultural products, once there were problems such as product quality and privacy disclosure, it was difficult to precisely locate the responsibility, timely recall the products and prevent the information disclosure in time. Thus regulation was an indispensable part of the supply chain to ensure the integrity and legality of data. The above problems would be addressed to examine the application case of the Inner Mongolia’s Zhaofeng Hetao Noodle Industry. Based on the multi-chain architecture of blockchain, the hierarchical supervision model of wheat authority control was designed and realized through Hyperledger Fabric of the alliance chain. The enterprise traceability data was open and transparent, and the privacy data was encrypted then uploaded to the blockchain. Privacy keys were encrypted and transmitted through the Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryptionto achieve privacy protection and fine-grained control of data for enterprises. The traceability code was used as the traceability key value, which was stored in the blockchain together with the regulatory results. After proliferation test, the average change rate of the cipher text was 95. 5% by changing any bit of the key to be encrypted while the control policy remained unchanged and the average change rate of the private key was 75. 5% by changing the access policy while keeping the key unchanged, which possessed high security and confusion. After performance testing, the average query latency of the hierarchical supervision model designed was 6.67 ms for public traceability data, 34.45 ms for privacy data decryption, and 37.78 ms for data supervision, which can meet the actual application requirements of wheat. Theoretical analysis and experiments showed that the hierarchical supervision model proposed can achieve privacy protection, hierarchical authorized supervision, and real-time supervision of the whole process. On the premise of ensuring the independent operation of each module, it can strengthen information interconnection which had strong practicality. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Blockchain

Controlled terms: Agricultural products? - ?Cryptography? - ?Data privacy? - ?Distributed ledger? - ?Supply chains

Uncontrolled terms: Authority controls? - ?Block-chain? - ?Design and implementations? - ?Hierarchical supervision? - ?Multichain? - ?Privacy protection? - ?Supervision models? - ?Traceability? - ?Traceability systems? - ?Wheat product

Classification code: 723.3 Database Systems? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?911.3 Inventory Control? - ?912 Industrial Engineering and Management? - ?913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 5.00E+00%, Time 3.445E-02s, Time 3.778E-02s, Time 6.67E-03s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.037

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

13. Structure Design and Test on Noise Reduction for Frost Protection Wind Machine of Arc-plate Blade

Accession number: 20232114129444

Title of translation:

Authors: Hu, Yongguang (1); Feng, Chenggang (1); Tang, Jiangwen (2); Xie, Zhongzhou (1); Zhang, Zhi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212Q13, China; (2) National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Chengdu; 610021, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 158-168

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The noise generated by the frost protection wind machine in the tea orchard at night had a serious impact on the surrounding residents, to reduce the aerodynamic noise of the frost protection wind machine of arc-plate blade, a sawtooth noise reduction structure was designed. Taking the length, width, number and position of the sawtooth as the test factors, and the sound pressure level ( SPL) at 1 m directly in front of the impeller axis and the average wind speed at the outlet surface as the evaluation index, the combination of numerical simulation and response surface method was used to optimize the structural parameters of the sawtooth. The optimization results showed that the significant order of the influence of sawtooth parameters on the SPL was the width, number, length and position of the sawtooth; the significant order was the sawtooth position, width, number and length on wind speed. The optimal parameter combination was the sawtooth length of 26.0 mm, width of 11.6 mm, number of 16, and position of 480.0 mm. The performance test of the sawtooth blade was carried out. The test results showed that the SPL at a distance of 30 m from the sawtooth-blade fan was lower than the national standard limit of 45.0 dB, and the SPL at the front, rear and radial right points of the sawtooth blade were reduced by an average of 7. 71% compared with the control blade. The wind speed distribution trends of the two blade types were similar and both could produce a good temperature rise effect. The maximum wind speeds of control blade type and sawtooth blade type were 3.19 m/s and 3.17 m/s, respectively, which were both measured at 12 m. The average temperature rises of leaf type at 10 m and 15 m were 2. 8°C St and 3. 2°C, respectively; the average temperature rise of control leaf type at 10 m and 15 m were 3. 0°C and 3. 1°C, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two. The sawtooth blade type could effectively reduce the noise of the fan on the premise of ensuring the frost protection performance. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Noise abatement

Controlled terms: Numerical methods? - ?Numerical models? - ?Wind

Uncontrolled terms: Blade? - ?Frost protection wind machine? - ?Saw-tooth structure? - ?Sawteeth? - ?Sound pressures level? - ?Structure design? - ?Structure tests? - ?Temperature rise? - ?Wind machines? - ?Wind speed

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties? - ?751.4 Acoustic Noise? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Decibel 4.50E+01dB, Percentage 7.10E+01%, Size 1.00E+01m, Size 1.00E00m, Size 1.16E-02m, Size 1.20E+01m, Size 1.50E+01m, Size 2.60E-02m, Size 3.00E+01m, Size 4.80E-01m, Temperature 2.73E+02K, Temperature 2.74E+02K, Temperature 2.75E+02K, Temperature 2.81E+02K, Velocity 3.17E+00m/s, Velocity 3.19E+00m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.016

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

14. Design and Experiment of Double-deck Roller Sieve Type Fruit Impurity Separation Device for Tiger Nut Harvester

Accession number: 20232114129472

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Shengwei (1); Zhang, Ruiyu (1); Cao, Qingqiu (1); Zhang, Yati (1); Fu, Jun (1, 2); Yuan, Hongfang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130025, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130025, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 148-157

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of high loss rate and high impurity rate of tubers due to incomplete fruit impurity separation during the mechanised harvesting of tiger nuts, a double-deck roller sieve type fruit impurity separation device was designed. The main structure and working parameters of the fruit impurity separation device were determined through theoretical analysis. A coupled EDEM - MBD simulation model of separation device-harvest material interactions was established. A three-factor, three-level simulation experiment was carried out based on the Box - Behnken test principle, using the rotation speed of the double-deck roller sieve, the rotation speed of the separation auger, and the length of the flexible tooth area as test factors, and tuber separation rate and impurity rate as test indicators. An ANOVA was conducted on the test results and a regression model was established between the separation rate, impurity rate and each significant factor, and the regression model was used to search for the best parameters. The results showed that the three factors all had significant effects (P ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Fruits

Controlled terms: Harvesters? - ?Regression analysis? - ?Rollers (machine components)? - ?Rotating machinery? - ?Sieves

Uncontrolled terms: Discrete elements? - ?Double decks? - ?Double-deck roller sieve? - ?Fruit impurity separation device? - ?Impurity rates? - ?Impurity separation? - ?Separation devices? - ?Separation rate? - ?Tiger nut harvester? - ?Tiger nuts

Classification code: 601.1 Mechanical Devices? - ?601.2 Machine Components? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 2.47995E+00rad/s, Angular velocity 4.1583E-01rad/s, Percentage 1.90E+01%, Percentage 2.30E+01%, Percentage 5.50E+01%, Percentage 6.50E+01%, Size 2.778E-01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.015

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

15. Vegetation Change and Attribution in Ecological Restoration Area of Loess Plateau Based on GEE Cloud Platform

Accession number: 20232114129474

Title of translation: GEE

Authors: Wang, Li (1); Zhao, Siyan (1, 2); Chen, Yuanpeng (3); Zhang, Yangjian (1, 2); Zhou, Quan (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100035, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 210-233

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Vegetation is one of the main components of the earth’s ecosystem and an important resource for human social and economic activities. Monitoring the dynamic change of vegetation is conducive to regional environmental protection and ecological environment construction. Based on GEE, multiple statistical analysis methods such as Sen + MK trend analysis, MK mutation analysis, partial correlation analysis, multiple regression residual and relative contribution rate analysis were integrated, and an automated comprehensive analysis system of vegetation restoration was constructed, which can be used for vegetation change trend detection and attribution analysis. On this basis, taking Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, one of the implementation areas of ecological restoration project on the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province as an example, the impact of artificial restoration and natural restoration on vegetation change was distinguished to carry out vegetation change trend and attribution analysis in ecological restoration and natural restoration areas. The analysis results showed that from 1990 to 2020, the overall land cover pattern in Yaozhou District showed the distribution characteristics of gradual decrease of cultivated land and gradual increase of forest land and grassland from southeast to northwest. The change characteristics of vegetation cover was fluctuated and increased at the rate of 0.55%/a, and the sudden change point was appeared about in 2007. The growth rate of NDYI in ecological restoration project area was slightly higher than that in natural regeneration area. The relative contribution rate of climate change and human activities to vegetation change in Yaozhou District was heterogeneous, which was mainly driven by human activities. The relative contribution rate of human activities was 79. 10%, and the relative contribution rate of climate change was 15. 22%. In the vegetation improvement area, it should be attributed to the ecological restoration project dominated by human activities, and the implementation effect of ecological restoration project was good. In the area of vegetation degradation, it was mainly the joint impact of climate change and human activities. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 39

Main heading: Climate change

Controlled terms: Correlation methods? - ?Ecology? - ?Economics? - ?Land use? - ?Reforestation? - ?Restoration? - ?Vegetation

Uncontrolled terms: Contribution rate? - ?Dynamic changes? - ?Ecological restoration? - ?Human activities? - ?Natural regeneration? - ?Relative contribution? - ?Relative contribution rate? - ?Vegetation change? - ?Vegetation dynamic change? - ?Vegetation dynamics

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development? - ?443.1 Atmospheric Properties? - ?454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics? - ?971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00E+01%, Percentage 2.20E+01%, Percentage 5.50E-01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.021

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

16. Inter-rows Navigation Method of Greenhouse Robot Based on Fusion of Camera and LiDAR

Accession number: 20232114129407

Title of translation:  []

Authors: Wang, Jie (1); Chen, Zhengwei (1); Xu, Zhaosheng (1); Huang, Zidong (2); Jing, Junsen (3); Niu, Runxin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei; 230031, China; (2) Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei; 230026, China; (3) Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei; 230601, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 32-40

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the complex greenhouse environment where the ground is bumpy and the branches and leaves block the road, the research on the inter-rows navigation method of greenhouse robot based on the fusion of camera and LiDAR data was carried out. Firstly, the improved U - Net model was used to realize the accurate and fast segmentation of image road area. Secondly, the ground point cloud was presegmented by fusing the image segmentation result to reduce the incline of the point cloud data caused by the ground bumpiness. Then, the improved KMeans algorithm was used to realize the rapid clustering of the crop row point cloud, and the cluster centers were used as the main area points of crop rows to reduce the influence of branches and leaves blocking the road on extraction of crop row centerline. Finally, the RANSAC algorithm was used to fit the crop row equations on both sides and calculate the navigation lines. The navigation line accuracy was evaluated by experiment, the validation work was conducted in two greenhouse scenarios at three typical greenhouse robot operation speeds. The experimental results showed that the performance and timing of the segmented images met the requirements of subsequent point cloud pre-segmentation; the experiment of point cloud data frames by bumpy environment can effectively calibrate the ground point cloud; compared with the raster height difference segmentation of ground point cloud, the segmentation effect was better and the time consumption of single frame processing was increased very little; on the test set, more than 94% of the data frames can accurately extract the navigation line and the average angle error was not higher than 1.45°. The research result can meet the greenhouse robot along the crop row autonomous navigation driving requirements. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Cameras

Controlled terms: Clustering algorithms? - ?Crops? - ?Greenhouses? - ?Image enhancement? - ?Image segmentation? - ?Navigation? - ?Optical radar? - ?Roads and streets? - ?Robots

Uncontrolled terms: Crop rows? - ?Ground point? - ?Inter-row navigation? - ?LiDAR? - ?Navigation lines? - ?Navigation methods? - ?Net model? - ?Point cloud data? - ?Point-clouds? - ?U - net model

Classification code: 406.2 Roads and Streets? - ?716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment? - ?731.5 Robotics? - ?741.3 Optical Devices and Systems? - ?742.2 Photographic Equipment? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures? - ?903.1 Information Sources and Analysis

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.40E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.003

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

17. Discrete Element Analysis and Optimization Design of Collision Blending for Four Flute-wheels Fertilizer

Accession number: 20232114129579

Title of translation:

Authors: Yan, Yinfa (1, 2); Zhao, Qingji (1); Wang, Ruixue (3); Han, Shouqiang (1); Song, Zhanhua (1, 2); Tian, Fuyang (1, 4)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Taian; 271018, China; (3) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Croup Co., Ltd., Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Shandong Provincal Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Taian; 271018, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 49-59

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To solve the problems of low blending efficiency and poor consistency of blending uniformity in the precision fertilization process, four flute-wheels variable rate fertilization distributor with the secondary collision blending device was designed. It could change the speed of four flute-wheels to variable rate fertilization according to the fertilizer demand. And the secondary collision blending device could uniform blend of different rates of fertilizer without mechanical. The hygroscopic saturated moisture content, adhesive force and breaking force were measured under different moisture contents. Hertz - Mindlin no slip particle contact model of discrete element was used to analyze the regularity of four kinds of fertilizer particles in collision blending process. By means of orthogonal test and analysis of variance, the results showed that there was no significant effect on the standard deviation of blending when the speed of flute wheel was in the range of 20 ~ 80 r/min and the four flute-wheels fertilizer distributor could blend four kinds of fertilizer evenly. The optimal height of the cone in secondary collision blending device was 12. 1 mm. Under this condition the cone angle of the cone was 57. 9°. When working it was found that the pressure on the fertilizer particles was less than the break force compared with the force distribution of the fertilizer particles calculated by the force chain, fertilizer particles would not be broken in collision blending process. Besides, The high-speed photography were used to analyze the influence of vibration with different frequencies and amplitudes on the collision blending performance of four flute-wheels fertilizer distributor. It was found that vibration had little influence on working process. The collision blending test was carried out, the test results showed that the blending uniformity was basically the same, and the designed fertilizer distributor could achieve variable rate fertilizer blending and non-mechanical blending of four kinds of fertilizers. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Blending

Controlled terms: Adhesives? - ?Fertilizers? - ?High speed photography? - ?Moisture? - ?Moisture determination? - ?Vibration analysis? - ?Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Analysis/design? - ?Blending process? - ?Blending uniformity? - ?Collision blending? - ?Discrete element analysis? - ?Discrete elements? - ?Four flute-wheel fertilizer? - ?Variable rate? - ?Variable rate blending fertilizer? - ?Variable rate fertilization

Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components? - ?742.1 Photography? - ?802.3 Chemical Operations? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?821.2 Agricultural Chemicals? - ?944.2 Moisture Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 3.34E-01rad/s to 1.336E+00rad/s, Size 1.00E-03m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.005

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

18. Influence and Compensation of Soilless Culture Substrates on pH Value Detection by Using Super-hydrophilic pH Sensor

Accession number: 20232114129486

Title of translation: pH

Authors: Chen, Cheng (1, 2); Zhang, Xiliang (1); Zhang, Yalei (1); Su, Xiaoqing (1); Xu, Kun (3); Xu, Yunfeng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Institute of Mechanical Technology, Wuxi Institute of Technology, Wuxi; 214121, China; (3) College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 356-362

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: pH value is an important and frequently measured property in agriculture. Compared with laboratory analysis, direct soil measurement ( DSM) involving the direct insertion of a pH sensor into soil, which is rapid, efficient, and inexpensive. pH value detection using DSM in soilless culture substrates exhibits a significant measuring error of 0.8 to 1.1 and is seriously affected by the component of the substrate. A super-hydrophilic pH sensor was developed with the porous TiOj film sensitive electrode and the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Substrates mixed by peat and vermiculite with different ratios and different mass water contents ( MWC ) were prepared to examine the effects on pH value detection by the super-hydrophilic pH sensors in soilless culture substrates. Statistical analysis of the measured pH values demonstrated that the errors of the super-hydrophilic pH sensors were highly and negatively correlated with MWC but showed limited influence on component ratio of the substrates. Maximum measuring error of the super-hydrophilic pH sensor was 0.81 and the measuring error discrepancy caused by the changes in component ratio was 0.23. Furthermore, a compensation model for the pH sensor was established and evaluated. The compensation results indicated that the maximum error with the super-hydrophilic pH sensor was decreased from 0.48 unit to 0.22 unit and the measuring error discrepancy caused by the changes in component ratio was decreased to 0.09. The application in soilless culture substrates picked from greenhouse showed that the measuring error of the proposed pH sensor was no more than 0.32 and decreased to 0.18 after adjusted by the compensation model. The research result revealed the influences of MWC and component ratio of soilless culture substrates on pH value detection by using super-hydrophilic pH sensors, which was helpful in improving the accuracy of DSM and can contribute to rapid and efficient pH value measurements in soilless culture substrate. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Substrates

Controlled terms: Electrodes? - ?Error compensation? - ?Hydrophilicity? - ?pH? - ?pH sensors? - ?Soil surveys? - ?Soils

Uncontrolled terms: Compensation modeling? - ?Culture substrate? - ?Direct soil measurements? - ?Mass water contents? - ?Measured properties? - ?Measuring errors? - ?Online monitoring? - ?pH value? - ?Soil-less culture? - ?Super-hydrophilic

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?801.1 Chemistry, General? - ?943.3 Special Purpose Instruments

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.036

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

19. Mapping Inhabitable Area of Gynaephora alpherakii Based on UAV Observation and Ecological Niche Model

Accession number: 20232114129524

Title of translation:

Authors: Yu, Hongyan (1, 2); Zhang, Shirong (1, 3); Zhao, Xingqun (1, 3); Yi, Shuhua (1, 3); Meng, Baoping (1, 3); Lü, Yanyan (1, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong; 226007, China; (2) Qinghai Service and Guarantee Center of Qilian Mountain National Park, Xining; 810001, China; (3) Institute of Fragile Eco-environment, Nantong University, Nantong; 226007, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 224-233

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Gynaephora alpherakii (GA) is mainly distributed in the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau of China. As one of the most important insect pests, the occurrence of the GA seriously affects the growth of grass, reducing the grassland production and preventing the development of the animal husbandry. It is vital for monitoring its biological characteristics, occurrence regularity, quantitative changes and main effect factors. However, limited by the field observation,the spatial distribution and inhabitable area were still unclear. The regional distribution (Qilian Mountain National Park in Qinghai Province) was investigated based on UAV aerial photographing technology. The ecological niche was constructed based on the environmental factors ( grassland vegetation, soil, climate and topography ), combined with field observation and BIOMOD. Based on the above mentioned, the inhabitable area of GA was divided. The results showed that among the all field observation sites, the spatial distribution of prairie caterpillars was heterogeneous, with the number of variations from 1 to 2046 in different observation sites and 0 to 136 in different aerial photographs; the random forest model exhibited the best performance with Kappa, TSS and AUG were 0.6, 0.75 and 0.93, respectively; the inhabitable area of the first-grade to the third-grade was small with 14.68% of study area, and located in mid-eastern of study area, the inhabitable area of the fourth-grade and the fifth-grade was large with 85.32% of study area, mainly located in western of study area. The research result showed that UAV can be potentially used to obtain the basic data for GA distribution modeling, which provided a theoretical and practical basis for further quantitative understanding of the ecological status and help for the early warning and management practices of GA outbreak. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Controlled terms: Aerial photography? - ?Antennas? - ?Ecology? - ?Forestry? - ?Spatial distribution? - ?Topography

Uncontrolled terms: Aerial vehicle? - ?Animal husbandry? - ?Ecological niche modeling? - ?Field observations? - ?Gynaephora alpherakii? - ?Inhabitable area? - ?Insects pests? - ?Qinghai Tibet plateau? - ?Study areas? - ?Unmanned aerial vehicle

Classification code: 405.3 Surveying? - ?454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems? - ?652.1 Aircraft, General? - ?742.1 Photography? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?902.1 Engineering Graphics? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.468E+01%, Percentage 8.532E+01%, Size 0.00E00m to 3.4544E+00m, Size 2.54E-02m to 5.19684E+01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.022

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

20. Optimization Design and Experiment of Continuous Compound Tea Leaf Barber

Accession number: 20232114129597

Title of translation:

Authors: Qin, Kuan (1, 2); Bu, Kunting (1, 2); Shen, Zhougao (3, 4); Cao, Chengmao (1, 2); Ge, Jun (1, 2); Fang, Liangfei (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 210036, China; (2) Anhui Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment Engineering Laboratory, Hefei; 210036, China; (3) College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 210036, China; (4) State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resource Utilization, Hefei; 210036, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 382-393

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In response to the problem of unsatisfactory strip formation due to the unknown mechanism of tea strip kinetics in the green tea processing and strip-forming compound process, the continuous collision law between tea leaves and pot trough in the pot trough of continuous compound barber was studied, the kinetic model of rolling, throwing and collision of tea leaves in the pot trough in three stages was established, and the barring mechanism of continuous compound tea barber was determined. According to the law of forming the movement of tea leaves in the pot trough, the inclined U-shaped pot trough was optimized, and the simulation model of tea-leaf-pot trough interaction under thermosolid coupling was established by Rocky Dem, by analyzing the average velocity and force of tea leaves, the optimal working parameters of pot trough reciprocating motion velocity, angle of pot trough baffle and angle between pot trough and horizontal surface were determined. On the basis of the optimal parameters, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal test was conducted to determine the optimal combination of parameters under actual working conditions. The test results showed that when the angle of the pot baffle was 114. 1°, the reciprocating motion velocity of the pot was 190.9 r/min, and the angle between the pot and the horizontal surface was 3. 2°, the strip formation rate was 85. 89% and the broken tea rate was 1. 70%, which satisfied the agronomic requirements of strip management. The validation tests showed that with this optimal combination of structure and operating parameters, the rate of forming and breaking tea was 84.26% and 1.79%, respectively, with the relative error within 5% from the optimized results, indicating the reliability and accuracy of the optimized results. The research result can provide a reference for the optimization of the key parameters of tea barring and forming mechanism and barring machine. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Structural optimization

Uncontrolled terms: Coupling simulation? - ?Dynamical modeling? - ?Forming mechanism? - ?Horizontal surfaces? - ?Orthogonal test? - ?Reciprocating motion? - ?Rocky dem? - ?Tea leaf barber? - ?Tea-leaves? - ?Thermosolid coupling simulation

Classification code: 921.5 Optimization Techniques

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 3.18803E+00rad/s, Percentage 1.79E+00%, Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 7.00E+01%, Percentage 8.426E+01%, Percentage 8.90E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.039

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

21. Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Rapeseed Stalks Harvester

Accession number: 20232114129552

Title of translation:

Authors: Liao, Qingxi (1, 2); Wang, Qianxiang (1, 2); Wan, Xingyu (1, 2); Du, Zijian (1, 2); Li, Yuntong (1, 2); Cao, Shichuan (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 126-138

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Due to the requirements of multi-functional development of rapeseed for vegetable use, the existing rapeseed stalks harvesting machinery is insufficient, manual picking efficiency is low, and the cost is high. Combined with biological characteristics and agronomic requirements of rapeseed stalks, a self-propelled rapeseed stalks harvester was developed, which could realize self-propelled, automatic lifting, unified harvesting of stems and leaves, and complete cutting, conveying and collecting of rapeseed stalks at one time. Based on dynamics and kinematics analysis of rapeseed stalks harvest cutting, conveying and gathering phase, main factors that influencing the efficiency of the harvest were carried out, the design and parameter analysis of the cutting device, reel device, transmission device and cutting table double lifting system were carried out. The former feeding speed, cutting line speed, conveyor belt speed and rotating wheel speed were taken as factors, and the rapeseed stalks harvesting missed cutting rate, transportation failure rate and stem and leaf damage rate were taken as evaluation indexes. The quadratic regression orthogonal rotating bench test was carried out, and the comprehensive scoring method was used to determine the optimal operation parameters; forward speed was 0.56 m/s, cutting line speed was 0.50 m/s, the conveyor belt speed was 0.79 m/s and the rotary speed was 49.70 r/min. Under the optimal parameter combination, the rapeseed stalks harvesting effect was the better. The results of field experiment showed that the harvester cut the stubble in order after operation. Under the optimal combination of parameters, the rate of missed cutting was 4. 28%, the rate of transport failure was 3. 42%, and the damage rate of stem and leaf was 6. 39%, which could meet the actual production demand of rapeseed stalks. The research result could provide reference for the structural design and optimization of rapeseed stalks harvester. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Harvesters

Controlled terms: Belt conveyors? - ?Conveying? - ?Efficiency? - ?Failure analysis? - ?Harvesting? - ?Oilseeds? - ?Structural optimization

Uncontrolled terms: Conveyor belts? - ?Cutting lines? - ?Cutting tables? - ?Damage rate? - ?Double lifting device for cutting table? - ?Lifting devices? - ?Multi-functional? - ?Rape? - ?Rapesed stalk harvester? - ?Self-propelled

Classification code: 692.1 Conveyors? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?913.1 Production Engineering? - ?921.5 Optimization Techniques

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 8.2999E-01rad/s, Percentage 2.80E+01%, Percentage 3.90E+01%, Percentage 4.20E+01%, Velocity 5.00E-01m/s, Velocity 5.60E-01m/s, Velocity 7.90E-01m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.013

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

22. Detection System Study of Defective Egg on Mobile Devices Based on Deep Learning

Accession number: 20232114129418

Title of translation:

Authors: Fan, Wei (1); Hu, Jianchao (1); Wang, Qiaohua (1, 2); Tang, Wenquan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 411-420

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of large diversity of defective eggs, as well as the strong subjectivity and poor real-time detection of artificial detection, and the potential risk of food safety for end-consumers, a non-destructive testing system based on deep learning for defective eggs on mobile device was proposed to realize real-time detection of cracked eggs and bloody eggs. An improved lightweight convolutional neural network MobileNetV2-CA model was firstly established. MobileNetV2 network was taken as the original framework, it was further optimized by embedding coordinate attention mechanism, adjusting width factor, transfer learning and other parameters. The PC detection was also performed for comparison. Results showed that the MobileNetV2 - CA model presented the validation accuracy of 93. 93%, the recall rate of 94. 73%, and the average detection time of 9.9 ms for a single egg, which was 3.60 percentage points higher, 4.30 percentage points higher, and 2.62 ms shorter than the original MobileNetV2 model, respectively. The parameter score of MobileNetV2-CA model was only 2.36 × 106, which was 31.59% lower than the original MobileNetV2 network model. In addition, the NCNN deep learning framework was used to train MobileNetV2-CA model, which was further applied to Android mobile terminal through format conversion. The verification of mobile terminal detection of NCNN deep learning training model was investigated and compared with TensorFlow Lite deep learning model. Results showed that the NCNN deep learning model had an average recognition accuracy of 92. 72%, an average detection time of 22.1 ms for a single egg, and the library file size of 2.7 MB, indicating its better performance than TensorFlow Lite and meeting the requirement of practical applications. The effectiveness of the proposed system based on deep learning was finally demonstrated. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Nondestructive examination

Controlled terms: Deep learning? - ?Defects? - ?Food safety? - ?Learning systems? - ?Mobile telecommunication systems? - ?Safety testing? - ?Signal detection? - ?Well testing

Uncontrolled terms: CA model? - ?Deep learning? - ?Defective egg? - ?Detection time? - ?Learning models? - ?Mobile terminal? - ?Model optimization? - ?Nondestructive detection? - ?Percentage points? - ?Real-time detection

Classification code: 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering? - ?461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology? - ?716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?822.3 Food Products? - ?914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.159E+01%, Percentage 7.20E+01%, Percentage 7.30E+01%, Percentage 9.30E+01%, Time 2.21E-02s, Time 2.62E-03s, Time 9.90E-03s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.042

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

23. Teleoperation Visualization System of Orchard Robot Based on Enhancing Telepresence

Accession number: 20232114129512

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Yundong (1); Zhou, Jun (1); Sun, Jingwei (1); Wang, Kai (1); Jiang, Zizhen (1); Zhang, Zhen (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 22-31

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of lack of presence when the orchard robot used a monocular camera for remote operation, only using two-dimensional video to obtain environmental information lacked presence, a set of orchard environment information visualization system based on the enhanced sense of presence was designed. The system consisted of computing server, cloud server, network camera, LiDAR, embedded development platform, etc. The computing server adopted the T7920 workstation, and deployed the Tensorflow computing framework and the Open3D algorithm library of point cloud on it. After receiving the environmental image and point cloud data forwarded by the cloud server, the computing server enhanced the navigation information of the image, and surface reconstructed the point cloud. The embedded development platform could collect raw data from webcam and LiDAR, and uploaded them to cloud servers. A ZeroMQ-based message transfer program and HTML5 background service were deployed on the cloud server, providing cross-Internet message communication services and mobile teleoperation environment information visualization services. The test results showed that the average extraction time of the extraction model for navigation information deployed on the computing server was 86 ms, and the average precision of the navigation line extraction was 16°, which were better than the results of the comparison model. The algorithm of point cloud reconstruction can effectively establish scene contours with an average accuracy of 4. 9 cm and an average reconstruction time of 24 ms. The delay of compressed image transmission and enhancement processing did not exceed 230 ms, and the transmission delay of point cloud did not exceed 400 ms. The parameters could meet the basic requirements of the remote operation robot for orchard operation. The system significantly enhanced telepresence compared with that only with monocular cameras, which provided an effective reference for the remote operation of the orchard robot. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Augmented reality

Controlled terms: Cameras? - ?Cloud computing? - ?Extraction? - ?Image enhancement? - ?Image reconstruction? - ?Information systems? - ?Navigation? - ?Optical radar? - ?Orchards? - ?Robots ? - ?Visual communication? - ?Visualization

Uncontrolled terms: 3D reconstruction? - ?Cloud servers? - ?Development platform? - ?Embedded development? - ?Environment information? - ?Monocular cameras? - ?Orchard robot? - ?Point-clouds? - ?Remote operation? - ?Telepresence

Classification code: 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment? - ?717.1 Optical Communication Systems? - ?722.4 Digital Computers and Systems? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?731.5 Robotics? - ?741.3 Optical Devices and Systems? - ?742.2 Photographic Equipment? - ?802.3 Chemical Operations? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?903.2 Information Dissemination? - ?903.3 Information Retrieval and Use

Numerical data indexing: Size 9.00E-02m, Time 2.30E-01s, Time 2.40E-02s, Time 4.00E-01s, Time 8.60E-02s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.002

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

24. Dynamic Detection of Overburden Thickness Based on Hilbert - Huang Transform

Accession number: 20232114129608

Title of translation: -

Authors: Zhang, Shiwen (1); Zhou, Tao (2); Wang, Yang (1); Cheng, Qi (2); Feng, Zhijun (2); Wang, Weirui (3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan; 232001, China; (2) School of Spatial Informatics and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan; 232001, China; (3) Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center, Beijing; 100074, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 338-346

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Accurately revealing the thickness of soil and its changes in the process of dynamic settlement is of great significance for reasonably determining the thickness of overburden and scientifically evaluating the stability of reclaimed soil. Through field tests, combined with ground penetrating radar data, signal processing was carried out based on Hilbert - Huang transform (HHT), and the time domain range of overburden was determined according to Hilbert spectrum. Extracting the time instantaneous frequency information of multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMF) obtained by HHT, the relationship model between IMF2 component and relative dielectric constant was established, and the detection of overburden thickness was realized. The established relationship model was further applied to the detection of overburden thickness on time series, so as to realize the dynamic detection of overburden thickness. The results showed that the subsidence of overburden could cause the change of dielectric constant difference between layered media, and then cause the change of amplitude at the interface. Based on HHT method, the time-domain position of the overburden could be better obtained. In different reclamation times, the time-domain range of the overburden was in dynamic change. There was a high correlation between the average instantaneous frequency and the relative dielectric constant, and the R modeled by polynomial regression was 0.887 0.The combined time-frequency analysis considering the amplitude and instantaneous frequency changes in the time domain can effectively detect the thickness of the overburden layer; with the increase of the thickness of overburden layer and the passage of time, the detection accuracy was decreased slightly, and the average relative error was 3. 65%. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Hilbert-Huang transform

Controlled terms: Data handling? - ?Frequency domain analysis? - ?Geological surveys? - ?Geophysical prospecting? - ?Ground penetrating radar systems? - ?Reclamation? - ?Soils? - ?Time domain analysis? - ?Time series

Uncontrolled terms: Dynamic detection? - ?Field test? - ?Ground Penetrating Radar? - ?Hilbert Huang transforms? - ?Instantaneous frequency? - ?Reclaimed soil? - ?Relationship model? - ?Relative dielectric constant? - ?Time domain? - ?Times series

Classification code: 481.1 Geology? - ?481.4 Geophysical Prospecting? - ?483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?921.3 Mathematical Transformations? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 6.50E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.034

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

25. Effects of Prolyl Hydroxylase on Stability of Meat Color by Hypoxia Inducible Factor - 1α

Accession number: 20232114129668

Title of translation:

Authors: Xin, Keqi (1); Tian, Kai (1); Yu, Qunli (1); Hu, Bo (1); Kong, Xiangying (2); Zhang, Xinjun (3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Haibei Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science of Qinghai Province, Haibei; 812200, China; (3) Qinghai Haiyan Xiahua Meat Food Company, Haibei; 812200, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 421-430

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The effects of hypoxia inducible factor - 1α ( HIF - 1α) mediating proline hydroxylase domain (PHD) on glycolysis activity and color stability of yak meat after slaughter were investigated. The longissimus dorsi muscle of yak was treated with dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and Lificiguat ( YC - 1 ). The effects of PHD on color stability of postmortem yak meat were investigated by measuring PHD activity, a? value, related enzyme activity, mitochondrial function and Mb characteristics. The results were as follows; compared with the control group, LDH activity, MRA, NADH content, 0Mb content and MMb content in DMOG group were significantly increased from 6 h to 72 h (P +, content in DMOG group were significantly decreased ( P ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Meats

Controlled terms: Color? - ?Deterioration? - ?Enzyme activity? - ?Mitochondria? - ?Stability

Uncontrolled terms: Color stability? - ?Control groups? - ?Hypoxia inducible factor -1α? - ?Hypoxia-inducible factors? - ?Meat color? - ?Meat quality? - ?Mitochondrial function? - ?Proline hydroxylase? - ?Prolyl hydroxylase? - ?Secondary structures

Classification code: 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering? - ?461.9 Biology? - ?741.1 Light/Optics? - ?822.3 Food Products? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Time 2.16E+04s to 2.592E+05s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.043

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

26. Design and Experiment of Group Air-suction Type Celery Seed Metering Device

Accession number: 20232114129507

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Hua (1, 2); Ma, Yunlong (1, 2); Yu, Haiming (1, 2); Wang, Yongjian (1, 2); Sun, Xinping (2, 3); Yin, Jiaqiao (2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing; 210031, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing; 211816, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 87-95

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The air-suction seed metering device can realize precise seed metering of small particles, but the low sphericity of celery seeds and the agronomic requirements of multiple seeds in one hole bring difficulties to the accurate seed metering research of celery. Aiming at this problem, a celery precise seed metering device was designed and developed with a group of suction holes by using CFD flow field simulation, vacuum derivation, and bench test. Taking celery seed “Ventura” as the research object, firstly, the shape and size of the suction hole were determined according to the triaxial size of the celery seed. Secondly, the CFD flow field simulation determined the numbers of group suction holes. Thirdly, vacuum degree theory determined the lowest negative pressure of seed suction. Finally, a three factors and three levels orthogonal test was carried out with vacuum degree of gas chamber, the rotational speed of seeding plate, and distribution structure of suction hole as test factors, and the missed sowing rate, replaying rate and qualified rate as test indexes. The primary and secondary elements, and the optimal parameter combinations affecting seeding performance were determined using range and variance analyses. The experimental results showed that when the optimal combination parameters of air-suction celery precision seed metering device comprised of vacuum degree of - 4 kPa, seed disk speed of 20. 75 r/min, and distribution structure of holes being an equilateral triangle, the qualified rate of seeding was 88. 9%, the missed seeding rate was 5. 1%, and the replaying rate was 6. 0%. Field test demonstrated that the qualified rate of seeding was 83. 48 %, the missed seeding rate was 9. 15%, and the replaying rate was 7. 37%. The research realized precision hill-drop planting of celery with an air-suction seed arrangement device. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Seed

Controlled terms: Computational fluid dynamics? - ?Flow fields? - ?Particle size analysis? - ?Plants (botany)

Uncontrolled terms: Air suction? - ?Celery? - ?Flow field simulation? - ?Group suction hole? - ?Multiple seeds? - ?Precise seed-metering? - ?Seed-metering device? - ?Seeding rate? - ?Small particles? - ?Vacuum degree

Classification code: 631.1 Fluid Flow, General? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?931.1 Mechanics? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 1.2525E+00rad/s, Percentage 0.00E00%, Percentage 1.00E00%, Percentage 1.50E+01%, Percentage 3.70E+01%, Percentage 4.80E+01%, Percentage 9.00E+00%, Pressure -4.00E+03Pa

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.009

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

27. Review on Typical Behavior Monitoring and Physiological Condition Identification Methods for Ruminant Livestock

Accession number: 20232114122273

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Hongming (1, 2); Sun, Yang (1, 3); Zhao, Chunping (4); Wang, Bowen (5); Li, Bin (6); Wang, Bingke (7)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Research Center of Shaanxi Agricultural Information Intelligent Perception and Analysis Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (4) College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (5) College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (6) Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Intelligent Equipment Technology, Beijing; 100097, China; (7) Yangling Nongfu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 1-21

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Ruminant livestock is an important source of meat, milk and other food for human beings. With the improvement of people’s requirements for the output and quality of ruminant livestock products, the traditional manual supervision mode, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive and high labor cost, has been difficult to meet the needs of large-scale ruminant livestock breeding. Ruminant livestock behavior contains a lot of body condition information. The intelligent monitoring of ruminant livestock behavior is helpful to identify abnormal behavior of ruminant livestock earlier, evaluate the health level of ruminant livestock, early warning of abnormal physiological state of ruminant livestock, and assist farmers to adjust breeding strategies in a timely manner to achieve low cost-effective, efficient and profitable production process. Firstly, the monitoring methods for basic movements (lying, walking and standing), rumination, eating and drinking, lameness of ruminant livestock were overally described. Secondly, the different characteristic indicators to identify the condition of ruminant livestock in estrus, parturition, disease and pain were analyzed in detail and the physiological condition identification method was introduced based on the characteristic indicators. Thirdly, the problems and challenges of ruminant livestock behavior monitoring methods were summarized. Finally, the future development directions of relevant key technologies were prospected, including optimizing sensor power consumption, fusion of multi-sensor data, reducing data transmission delay, reducing large-scale data annotation, lightweight deep learning models and deep analysis and application data. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 170

Main heading: Deep learning

Controlled terms: Agriculture? - ?Cost effectiveness? - ?Physiology? - ?Sensor data fusion? - ?Wages

Uncontrolled terms: Behaviour monitoring? - ?Condition identification? - ?Human being? - ?Identification method? - ?Monitoring methods? - ?Physiological condition? - ?Physiological condition characteristic? - ?Physiological condition identification? - ?Ruminant livestock

Classification code: 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering? - ?461.9 Biology? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?911.2 Industrial Economics? - ?912.4 Personnel

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.001

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

28. Mechanism of Self-adaptive Moistube Irrigation at Different Simulative Temperatures and Wind Speed Factors

Accession number: 20232114136259

Title of translation: -

Authors: Zhu, Chengli (1); Li, Yi (1); Wang, Ce (1); Kurexi, Wuerkaixi (1); Duan, Zhengyu (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 211100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 347-362

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The evaporation intensity was changed by simulating light and blowing wind. Comparing the characteristics of moistube irrigation infiltration rate and wetting body changes under four different evaporation conditions (CK, Light (L), Wind (W), Light+Wind (LW)), it was found that the cumulative infiltration of moistube irrigation at room temperature was significantly linearly correlated with time (coefficient of determination R2>0.99), which was consistent with the infiltration law of the horizontal absorption term of the Philip infiltration model. The infiltration rate of moistube outflow showed an initial sudden increase and then linear decrease with time due to the penetration of infiltration through the wall of porous medium and infiltration of soil water around the tube respectively. The evaporation of each treatment was increased significantly after changing the upper boundary conditions. However, the infiltration rate was increased only with the increase of temperature as the infiltration rate even decreased when the wind carried away the heat from the soil surface. During the light period, the infiltration rates of L and LW treatments were increased by 56.56% and 29.51%, respectively. After the withdrawal of light for 2h, the evaporation intensity of LW treatment remained unchanged, and the infiltration rate plummeted by 5.90%, which revealed that the sensitivity of moistube irrigation to temperature response was much higher than that of evaporation at the upper boundary. The transport distance of wetting fronts showed a significant power function relationship with time and the increase of infiltration rate after the temperature increase promoted the transport of wetting fronts, which was driven by both temperature difference and gravitational potential in the direction of moving away from the heat source. Compared with the prediction, the horizontal migration distance Dhoriz and vertical downward migration distance Ddown in the light treatment were increased by 75.81% and 99.30%, respectively. The research result can provide theoretical basis for the design of smart regulation model of moistube irrigation based on meteorological data, crop water demand and moisture conditions. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 39

Main heading: Evaporation

Controlled terms: Infiltration? - ?Irrigation? - ?Meteorology? - ?Porous materials? - ?Soil moisture? - ?Wetting

Uncontrolled terms: Evaporation intensity? - ?Infiltration rate? - ?Light wind? - ?Migration distance? - ?Moistube irrigation? - ?Moisture transport? - ?Self-adaptive irrigation? - ?Upper boundary? - ?Wetting fronts? - ?Wind speed

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?802.3 Chemical Operations? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.951E+01%, Percentage 5.656E+01%, Percentage 5.90E+00%, Percentage 7.581E+01%, Percentage 9.93E+01%, Time 7.20E+03s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.035

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

29. Design and Experiment of High-acid Apple Vibrating Picker

Accession number: 20232114129688

Title of translation:

Authors: Shang, Shuqi (1); Li, Chengpeng (1); He, Xiaoning (1); Wang, Dongwei (1); Wang, Haiqing (1); Yang, Shuai (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 115-125 and 168

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low efficiency, low fruit picking rate and large damage rate in the harvesting process of high-acid apples, a hydraulically controlled high-acid apple vibration picking machine was developed according to the actual harvesting needs of high-acid apples in Qingdao, China. Based on the working principle of vibrating picker, the structural design of vibrating picking device, excitation device and hydraulic control system was completed, and the clamping force of the clamping pliers on the trunk was calculated and analyzed to be 7 254 N, and the clamping height range of the clamping pliers was 12 ? 103 cm. The dynamic model of fruit - branch pendulum of high-acid apple was established, the fruit shedding conditions were analyzed, the differential equation of fruit vibration was obtained, and the vibration frequency, amplitude and clamping height were determined as the main influencing factors of picking effect. ANSYS software was used to simulate the free modal response and harmonic response of the fruit tree model, and the results showed that when the vibration frequency was 9 ? 12 Hz, the amplitude was 1 ?2 cm, and the clamping height was 40 ?70 cm, the displacement of the third-order and second-level branches was the most obvious. In order to determine the optimal working parameters of the picker, a three-factor three-level combination field experiment was carried out to obtain a regression model of fruit picking net rate and fruit damage rate, and the test data and regression model response surface were analyzed and optimized by Design-Expert software, when the vibration frequency was 10.0 Hz, the amplitude was 1.6 cm and the clamping height was 58.7 cm, the fruit picking net rate was 95. 9% and the fruit damage rate was 1.3%, which met the quality requirements of high-acid apple harvesting. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Fruits

Controlled terms: Differential equations? - ?Harvesting? - ?Orchards? - ?Pendulums? - ?Regression analysis? - ?Software testing? - ?Structural design? - ?Tubes (components)? - ?Vibration analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Damage rate? - ?Excitation devices? - ?High-acid apple? - ?Hydraulic control? - ?Pendulum model? - ?Picking machines? - ?Qingdao? - ?Regression modelling? - ?Vibrating harvesting? - ?Vibration frequency

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General? - ?619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?921.2 Calculus? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Force 2.54E+02N, Frequency 1.00E+01Hz, Frequency 1.20E+01Hz, Percentage 1.30E+00%, Percentage 9.00E+00%, Size 1.03E+00m, Size 1.60E-02m, Size 2.00E-02m, Size 5.87E-01m, Size 7.00E-01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.012

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

30. Construction of Digital Twin System of Rice Supply Chain Based on Industrial Internet

Accession number: 20232114129627

Title of translation:

Authors: Xu, Jiping (1, 2); Kong, Dezheng (1, 2); Wang, Zhaoyang (1, 2); Zhao, Zhiyao (1, 2); Yu, Chongchong (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet and Big Data of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing; 100048, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 372-381

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Food production and supply is related to national security and stability. In view of the low level of data sharing and low level of intelligent management and control in the current food supply chain, a digital twin system of food supply chain based on industrial Internet identity resolution technology was built. Taking the rice supply chain as a typical object, firstly, a digital model of the whole rice supply chain covering purchase, transportation, processing, warehousing, packaging and sales was designed, and all elements of the identification coding and data open sharing based on the identification analysis system were studied, and a digital bridge between the physical object and the information system was established. The digital twin architecture, including physical layer, network layer and twin layer was proposed to form the basis for data circulation and sharing based on industrial Internet, and the key model of the twin architecture was defined. The whole element accurate modeling process of equipment, production line, materials and other objects was described in detail, forming a digital twin model integrating geometric model, physical model, behavior model and rule constraint model. Finally, with the help of Unity3D software and C # programming technology, the rice supply chain digital twin prototype system was built to realize the three-dimensional visual monitoring of the production line. The experimental results showed that, on the basis of full sharing of all factor data of the supply chain, the system improved the intelligent supervision capability of the rice supply chain to a certain extent through three-dimensional display, predictive control and intelligent decision-making, and provided reference for the digital transformation of industrial Internet and other technology enabled industries. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Supply chains

Controlled terms: Decision making? - ?Food supply? - ?Information management? - ?Metadata? - ?National security? - ?Network architecture? - ?Network layers? - ?Software prototyping

Uncontrolled terms: Data Sharing? - ?Food production? - ?Food supply chain? - ?Identity resolutions? - ?Industrial digitalization? - ?Industrial internet? - ?Intelligent management? - ?Production line? - ?Rice supply chain? - ?Security and stability

Classification code: 404.1 Military Engineering? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?723.1 Computer Programming? - ?822.3 Food Products? - ?902.3 Legal Aspects? - ?911.3 Inventory Control? - ?912 Industrial Engineering and Management? - ?912.2 Management? - ?913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.038

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

31. Ethylene Gas Source Localization and Degradation Robot Based on SLAM - GDM

Accession number: 20232114129621

Title of translation: SLAM-GDM

Authors: Zhao, Wenfeng (1, 2); Liu, Xiaoling (1); Lin, Nuanchen (1); Liang, Shenghao (1); Zhang, Yu (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Electronic Engineerings South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) South China Smart Agriculture Public Research and Development Platform, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou; 510520, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 451-458

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: For characterized climacteric fruit, its sensitivity to ethylene can be weakened by reducing the concentration of exogenous ethylene, so as to postpone the emergence of endogenous ethylene climacteric peak and respiratory climacteric peak, which plays a role in postponing the senescence of fruits to some extent. Firstly, the MOX gas sensor was adopted to build an ethylene concentration sensor with high precision; secondly, it carried out single and multiple gas sources localization experiments based on Kernel DM + V algorithm to form a SLAM - GDM map to locate the gas source and visualize the concentration distribution of ethylene in an unknown environment; finally, it performed the degradation experiment by using ethylene degradation robots. The experiment findings indicated that the built gas distribution model can predict the gas source localization. The average error of the SLAM - GDM map performance in predicting the single gas source localization was 0.78 m with more than 95% of accuracy. The multiple gas sources localization prediction experiment showed that the analysis of variance presented high prediction accuracy. The average error of the gas source prediction localization was less than 0.48 m with less than 5% of relative error, and the gas degradation robot can accurately find the gas source position according to the ethylene gas distribution mapping, and conduct ethylene degradation at a high rate. The ethylene gas-source was positioned and degraded ethylene through mobile robots, to extend the storage and shelf life of fruits and it had an application prospect in the field of fruit preservation. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Ethylene

Controlled terms: Errors? - ?Forecasting? - ?Fruits? - ?Gases? - ?Mobile robots

Uncontrolled terms: Average errors? - ?Concentration sensors? - ?Ethylene concentration? - ?Ethylene degradation? - ?Ethylene gas? - ?Fruit preservation? - ?Gas sources? - ?Gas-sensors? - ?Gas-source localization? - ?SLAM - GDM

Classification code: 731.5 Robotics? - ?804.1 Organic Compounds? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 9.50E+01%, Size 4.80E-01m, Size 7.80E-01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.046

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

32. Design and Experiment of Transplanting Mechanism for High Density Vegetables with Small Plant Spacing

Accession number: 20232114129442

Title of translation:

Authors: Yu, Gaohong (1, 2); Li, Chenghu (1); Wang, Yingping (1); Zhao, Xiong (1, 2); Wang, Lei (1, 2); Zheng, Jian (3)

Author affiliation: (1) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (3) Hangzhou Hangyang Turbine Machinery Co., Ltd., Hangzhou; 310004, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 96-138

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of unreasonable trajectory, too large hole and poor uprightness of seedlings when the existing seedling planting mechanism is used for transplanting vegetables with small plant spacing, a Stephenson six-bar seedling planting mechanism suitable for transplanting vegetables with small plant spacing and high density was proposed. Firstly, the kinematics model of Stephenson six-bar seedling planting mechanism was established. Based on Visual Basic 6. 0, the auxiliary analysis and optimization design software of seedling planting mechanism was developed. The influence of different mechanism parameters on seedling trajectory attitude was analyzed, and a set of satisfactory mechanism parameters were obtained by optimizing human-computer interaction. Secondly, the structural design of the seedling planting mechanism was carried out. The three-dimensional modeling and virtual prototype simulation were carried out. The test bench was built and the idle test was carried out to obtain the actual seedling planting trajectory. The theoretical trajectory, virtual simulation trajectory and actual seedling planting trajectory were compared. The three trajectories were basically the same, which verified the rationality of the design of the seedling planting mechanism. Finally, the seedling planting test was carried out. When the seedling planting test was carried out at different speeds of 20 ~ 40 r/m i n, the average qualified rate of seedling planting was 9 1. 7 %. After transplanting, the seedling spacing was controlled at about 110 mm, and the verticality was close to 9 0 °, which met the requirements of small spacing and high density transplanting, and verified that the seedling planting mechanism had good feasibility and practicability. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Vegetables

Controlled terms: Human computer interaction? - ?Seed? - ?Structural design? - ?Trajectories? - ?Virtual reality? - ?Visual BASIC

Uncontrolled terms: High-density transplanting? - ?Mechanism-parameters? - ?Plant spacing? - ?Plantings? - ?Seedling planting test? - ?Small plant spacing? - ?Vegetable seedling planting mechanism? - ?Vegetable seedlings? - ?Virtual simulations

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 7.00E+00%, Size 1.10E-01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.010

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

33. Wheat Image Inpainting Based on Residual Networks and Feature Fusion

Accession number: 20232114136269

Title of translation:

Authors: Tao, Zhaosheng (1); Gong, Baoguo (1); Li, Qingping (1); Zhao, Rui (1); Wu, Yi (1); Wu, Hao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechnical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan; 243032, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 318-327

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that most image inpainting algorithms based on generative adversarial networks restore unclear image texture details and cannot fully integrate texture detail information and semantic information extracted by neural networks, a two-stage algorithm was proposed based on residual network and feature fusion. A network image inpainting model was generated, and inpainted images were obtained which conformed to the overall distribution of the training set by inpainting the occluded images in the training set. Firstly, a lightweight multi-scale receptive field residual module was designed, which extracted feature information through multiple convolution kernels with different receptive fields, and improved the ability of the coarsening generation network to retain texture information. Secondly, a bilateral fine inpainting network structure was constructed, which processed texture detail information and semantic information separately and aggregated them to realize fine inpainting of images. Finally, experiments were carried out on the GWHD dataset to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The experimental results showed that compared with the CE, GL, PEN-Net, and CA algorithms, the objective evaluation index L1-loss of this model was reduced by 0.56~3.79 percentage points, PSNR and SSIM were improved by 0.2~1.8dB and 0.02~0.08, and the restoration effect with clear texture structure and reasonable semantic features was realized in the intuitive perception of human eyes. Compared with the original GWHD data set, in the wheat data set expanded based on the proposed algorithm herein, the average detection accuracy mAP of predicting wheat ears using YOLO v5s was increased by 1.41 percentage points, the accuracy rate was increased by 3.65 percentage points, and the recall rate was increased by 0.36 percentage points. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Textures

Controlled terms: Coarsening? - ?Generative adversarial networks? - ?Image fusion? - ?Image texture? - ?Restoration? - ?Semantics

Uncontrolled terms: Features fusions? - ?Image Inpainting? - ?Information information? - ?Inpainting? - ?Network fusion? - ?Percentage points? - ?Residual network? - ?Semantics Information? - ?Training sets? - ?Wheat

Classification code: 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?723.4 Artificial Intelligence? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Decibel 2.00E-01dB to 1.80E+00dB

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.032

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

34. Extraction of Rice Information Using Multi-temporal SAR Data Based on Feature Optimization

Accession number: 20232114129461

Title of translation: SAR

Authors: Yu, Fei (1); Lü, Zheng (2); Sui, Zhengwei (1); Li, Junjie (2); Gai, Yanfeng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) China Siwei Surveying and Mapping Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing; 100094, China; (2) China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing; 100094, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 259-265

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Synthetic aperture radar ( SAR) data has unique advantages for rice identification and monitoring in cloudy and rainy weather. Multi-temporal SAR and multi-features can provide rich information for rice extraction, but too many feature variables will cause dimension disaster and information redundancy to some extent. Therefore, a rice extraction method based on multi-temporal backscattering characteristics and coherent coefficient optimization features was proposed. Based on the multi-temporal Sentinel^ 1 SAR data during the rice growth cycle in the study area, the feature sets of backscattering coefficient and coherence coefficient were constructed, and the importance of the features was sorted by ReliefF algorithm. At the same time, JM distance was used to determine the optimal number of features to complete the optimal features selection. According to the optimal features, the rice planting area in the study area was extracted by the random forest classification algorithm. The results showed that the error of rice area extraction based on the optimal features was 4. 96%, the overall accuracy planting was 92.48%, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.90. Excluding coherence coefficient features from the optimal features to extract rice, the area error was increased by 2.39 percentage points, and the overall classification accuracy and Kappa coefficient were decreased by 4.03 percentage points and 0.06, respectively, which showed that coherence coefficient was beneficial to rice information extraction. Based on the characteristics of multi-temporal backscattering and coherence coefficient, data redundancy was reduced, operation efficiency was improved, and large-scale and high-precision rice extraction can be realized. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Synthetic aperture radar

Controlled terms: Backscattering? - ?Classification (of information)? - ?Forestry? - ?Redundancy

Uncontrolled terms: Coherence coefficient? - ?Features optimizations? - ?Kappa coefficient? - ?Multi-phase? - ?Multi-temporal? - ?Multifeatures? - ?Percentage points? - ?Radar data? - ?Rice extraction? - ?Study areas

Classification code: 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?903.1 Information Sources and Analysis

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.248E+01%, Percentage 9.60E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.025

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

35. Mobile Recognition Solution of Tea Buds Based on Compact YOLO v4 Algorithm

Accession number: 20232114129559

Title of translation: Compact-YOLO v4

Authors: Huang, Jiacai (1); Tang, An (1); Chen, Guangming (2); Zhang, Duo (1); Gao, Fangzheng (3); Chen, Tian (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing; 211167, China; (2) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China; (3) School of Automation, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing; 211167, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 282-290

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The precise recognition of tea buds is the prerequisite and foundation of intelligent bud picking. The method of bud identification using vision and deep learning is gradually established, but it relies excessively on high-performance hardware, which is not conducive to the deployment of mobile tea picking robots. To solve this problem, a mobile recognition solution for tea buds based on the Compact-YOLO v4 algorithm was proposed. Firstly, the Backbone and Neck networks of the YOLO v4 algorithm were improved by replacing the Backbone network with GhostNet and the traditional convolution in the Neck network with Ghost convolution, the size of the improved model was only one-fifth of the original one. Secondly, the training method of transfer learning was applied to improve the model accuracy. The experiments showed that the Compact-YOLO v4 algorithm model had P, R, mAP and F1 score values of 51. 07%, 78. 67%, 72. 93% and 61. 45%, respectively. Finally, the algorithm model was transplanted to the PRO - RK3568 - B mobile development board to reduce the hardware performance requirements of the model inference calculation by three ways; converting the model, quantization processing, and improving the deployment environment. The aim of optimizing the model inference process and reducing the pressure on edge computing on mobile was eventually achieved, while also ensuring the accuracy of tea bud recognition, providing a theoretical and practical basis for the practical application of tea bud picking robots. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Deep learning

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Convolution? - ?Convolutional neural networks? - ?Inference engines? - ?Learning systems? - ?Transfer learning

Uncontrolled terms: Algorithm model? - ?Back-bone network? - ?Compact - YOLO v4? - ?Ghostnet? - ?High-performance hardware? - ?Lightweight? - ?Mobile deployment? - ?Model inference? - ?Picking robot? - ?Recognition of tea bud

Classification code: 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering? - ?716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?723.4 Artificial Intelligence? - ?723.4.1 Expert Systems? - ?731.5 Robotics? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.30E+01%, Percentage 4.50E+01%, Percentage 6.70E+01%, Percentage 7.00E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.028

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

36. Sliding Mode Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Synchronous Steering High Clearance Sprayer

Accession number: 20232114129526

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Guohai (1); Li, Chiheng (1); Shen, Yue (1); Liu, Hui (1); Zhang, Yafei (1); Zhao, Sha (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Electrical and Information Engineerings, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 180-300

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To improve the response speed and robustness of the synchronous steering high clearance sprayer to the target attitude, a sliding mode active disturbance rejection controller was proposed to realize the attitude control for the synchronous steering chassis. Firstly, the attitude control model was built based on the synchronous steering structure. Then the attitude control model of the sprayer was decoupled and transformed into standard type of feedback system. After that, the extended state observer was designed to compensate the total disturbance of the model in real time, and the terminal sliding mode control rate was derived according to the attitude control model of the sprayer. Finally, the performance of the attitude controller was verified by simulation tests and field tests. In the field test, when the target angle was 5°, the response time of the front and rear steering angles of the sprayer was 1.55 s and I. 45 s. When the target angle was 20°, the response time of the front and rear steering angles of the sprayer was 3.05 s and 2.95 s, respectively. Compared with the traditional PID controller, the response speed of the forward and rear steering angles of the sliding mode active disturbance rejection controller proposed were increased by 8. 42% and 1. 9%, respectively, and the steady-state error was decreased by 2.96% and 3.15%, respectively. The simulation and field test results showed that the sliding mode active disturbance rejection attitude control algorithm had fast convergence speed and strong robustness, which can meet the needs of unmanned autonomous navigation operation of the sprayer in different environments. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Controllers

Controlled terms: Attitude control? - ?Disturbance rejection? - ?Robustness (control systems)? - ?Sliding mode control? - ?Three term control systems

Uncontrolled terms: Active disturbance rejection? - ?Control model? - ?Field test? - ?High clearance sprayer? - ?Response speed? - ?Simulation tests? - ?Sliding mode active disturbance rejection controller? - ?Sliding modes? - ?Steering angles? - ?Synchronoi steering structure

Classification code: 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?731.3 Specific Variables Control? - ?732.1 Control Equipment

Numerical data indexing: Time 2.95E+00s, Time 3.05E+00s, Time 4.50E+01s, Percentage 2.96E+00%, Percentage 3.15E+00%, Percentage 4.20E+01%, Percentage 9.00E+00%, Time 1.55E+00s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.018

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

37. Design and Experiment of Hydraulic System for Crawler Chassis of Straddle Type Camellia oleifera Fruit Harvester

Accession number: 20232114129542

Title of translation:

Authors: Du, Xiaoqiang (1, 2); Ning, Chen (1); Yang, Zhenhua (3); Ma, Zenghong (1, 2); He, Leiying (1, 2); Han, Xintao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (3) Longquan Cuyuan Automation Equipment Co., Ltd., Longquan; 323700, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 139-147

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of walking power and stability of the straddle Camellia oleifera fruit harvester, a set of chassis walking hydraulic system of the straddle Camellia oleifera fruit harvester with better power matching and walking performance was designed based on the mechanical-hydraulic co-simulation technology. The virtual prototype model of the straddle type crawler chassis was established in RecurDyn software, and the B-level road spectrum was constructed by using the harmonic superposition method. The dynamic characteristics of the crawler chassis in straight-line driving and differential steering were simulated and analyzed. The mechanical and hydraulic co-simulation of the traveling system of the crawler chassis was carried out to study the hydraulic characteristics of the traveling motor under straight-line driving and differential steering conditions by AMESim and RecurDyn software. A straddle type Camellia oleifera fruit harvester driven by four-wheel triangular crawler was manufactured, and the straight-line driving and differential steering tests on road were carried out. The deviation rate of the chassis straight-line driving was 1.7%. The flow rate of the traveling motor was stable at 23 L/min and the pressure was stable at 1.5 MPa when traveling along a straight line. The flow rate of the traveling motor was stable at 22 L/min, and the pressure was fluctuated within the range of 2 ? 12 MPa during differential steering test. The results verified the stability of the traveling hydraulic system of the straddle type crawler chassis. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Chassis

Controlled terms: Computer software? - ?Fruits? - ?Harvesters? - ?Hydraulic equipment? - ?Roads and streets? - ?System stability

Uncontrolled terms: Camellia oleifera fruit harvester? - ?Camellia oleifera fruits? - ?Cosimulation? - ?Differential steering? - ?Fruit harvesters? - ?Hydraulic system? - ?Mechanical? - ?Straddle type? - ?Straddle type crawler chassi? - ?Straight-line driving

Classification code: 406.2 Roads and Streets? - ?632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery? - ?662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components? - ?663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.70E+00%, Pressure 1.20E+07Pa, Pressure 1.50E+06Pa, Volume 2.20E-02m3, Volume 2.30E-02m3

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.014

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

38. Design and Test of Automatic Rubber-tapping Device with Spiral Movement

Accession number: 20232114129548

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Xirui (1, 2); Wen, Zhentuo (1, 2); Zhang, Zhifu (1); Sun, Zejin (1); Zhang, Heng (1, 2); Liu, Junxiao (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou; 570228, China; (2) Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya; 572025, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 169-179

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Tapping is the key to obtaining natural rubber. Manual rubber tapping is usually encountered in harsh environments, high labor intensity, low efficiency, and a shortage of rubber tapping workers. An automatic rubber-tapping device with spiral movement was designed to solve these problems. Based on theoretical analysis of the tapping track and force analysis of the tapping knife in working, the equation of spiral trajectory was obtained, and the spiral track and gear rail were designed. Then the ADAMS software was used to simulate and analyze the transmission stability of three different gear shapes in the drive shaft and spiral gear rail, and the structure and working parameters of the spiral transmission mechanism were determined. On the strength of the flexible connection method, the pasting and profiling rubber-tapping mechanism was designed. The prototype was tuilt, and an orthogonal test was taken with the factors of transmission shaft speed, tapping thickness, and rubber tree diameter under the indexes of qualification rate of the rubber tapping depth and the tapping surface smoothness. The results showed that the rubber-tapping device had the best tapping performance with a transmission shaft speed of 12.00 r/min. While the average qualified rate of the tapping depth was 89.60%, and the average qualification rate of the tapping surface smoothness was 91. 19%. Among them, the 200 mm diameter rubber trees were the best for rubber tapping with a thickness of 2 mm. The average qualification rate of the tapping depth and the tapping surface smoothness were 93. 93% and 94. 32% under these best parameters, meeting the requirements of tapping work, which can provide a reference for further research of mechanized and automatic rubber tapping devices. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Rubber

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic rubber tapping? - ?Design and tests? - ?Device design? - ?Harsh environment? - ?Rubber tree? - ?Shaft speed? - ?Spiral gears? - ?Spiral movement? - ?Surface smoothness? - ?Transmission shafts

Classification code: 818.1 Natural Rubber

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 2.004E-01rad/s, Percentage 1.90E+01%, Percentage 3.20E+01%, Percentage 8.96E+01%, Percentage 9.30E+01%, Size 2.00E-01m, Size 2.00E-03m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.017

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

39. Design and Experiment of Radix Peucedani Weeding Machine Separating Weeds and Soil with Combination of Throwing and Pushing

Accession number: 20232114129449

Title of translation:

Authors: Cao, Chengmao (1); Xiang, Wang (1); Luo, Kun (1); Wu, Zhengmin (2); Zhang, Xuechen (1); Qin, Kuan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (2) School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 106-114

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To solve the problem of grass-soil non-separation leading to weeds regrowth and debris fly-shot when the weeding machine is working in hilly mountainous areas, a weeding machine which separated weeds and soil with combination of throwing and pushing was designed. The weeding wheel with symmetrical spiral structure pushed the soil to both sides at low speed to avoid flying debris. The knife teeth threw the weeds backward to achieve weed-soil separation and prevented the resurgence of weeds. The shape and number of the teeth of weeding wheel were determined by theoretical analysis. The motion of the weeding wheel was analyzed in the weed-soil and debris-soil models, respectively. Coupled simulation by EDEM and ANSYS was performed to verify the working performance and physical properties of the weeding wheel. Through the field experiments, the optimal working parameters of the machine were 13 r/s of weeding wheel speed, 400 mm/s of forward speed, and 35 mm of weeding depth. With this working parameter, the average removal rate of the weeding machine was 86. 7%. It was shown that the design of the weeding machine that separated weeds and soil with combination of throwing and pushing had a good operation quality and met the needs of weeding Radix peucedani in a hilly and mountainous environment with gravelly soil planting environment. The research result can enrich the theoretical basis of the mechanical weeding of Radix peucedani and provide a reference basis for similar studies. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Soils

Controlled terms: Debris? - ?Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Combination of throwing and pushing? - ?Coupled simulation? - ?Flying debris? - ?Low speed? - ?Mountainous area? - ?Radix peucedani? - ?Soil model? - ?Spiral structures? - ?Weeding machines? - ?Working parameters

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?601.2 Machine Components

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 7.00E+00%, Size 3.50E-02m, Velocity 4.00E-01m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.011

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

40. Detection of Cassava Leaf Diseases under Complicated Background Based on YOLOX

Accession number: 20232114129591

Title of translation: YOLOX

Authors: Song, Ling (1, 2); Cao, Mian (1); Hu, Xiaochun (3); Jia, Peiyuan (1); Chen, Yan (1, 2); Chen, Ningjiang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Computer and Electronic Information, Guangxi University, Nanning; 530004, China; (2) Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, Nanning; 530004, China; (3) College of Big Data and Artifical Intelligence, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning; 530007, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 301-307

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The present method has some difficulties in recognizing cassava leaf diseases in a field environment, such as covering and stacking between leaves. Based on the YOLOX network, cassava leaf disease detection ( CDD) model was proposed. Firstly, the cassava leaf disease image data under complex background was augmented to reduce the recognition difficulty caused by environmental impact. Secondly, built on the YOLOX network, the lightweight multi-scale feature extraction ( LME) module was used to strengthen fine-grained feature extraction and reduce the amount of model calculation. At the same time, the channel attention mechanism was embedded to improve the representation ability of the network. Finally, the quality focal loss was used as a part of the classification loss to assist the network convergence and improve the accuracy of target classification. In conclusion, the proposed CDD model can detect cassava leaf disease under complex background. The amount of network parameters was 5.04 × 106and the mean average precision was 93. 53%, which was 6.02 percentage points higher than that of the non-optimized network model. Comprehensive detection ability was better than that of previous models. Therefore, the proposed method CDD had faster and more accurate detection ability for cassava leaf diseases in the field, and provided a reference method for realizing intelligent field detection. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Object detection

Controlled terms: Complex networks? - ?Environmental impact? - ?Extraction? - ?Feature extraction? - ?Plants (botany)

Uncontrolled terms: Cassavum leaf disease? - ?Complex background? - ?Complicated background? - ?Detection models? - ?Features extraction? - ?Leaf disease? - ?Leaf disease detections? - ?Multi-scale features? - ?Objects detection? - ?YOLOX

Classification code: 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection? - ?722 Computer Systems and Equipment? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?802.3 Chemical Operations

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 5.30E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.030

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

41. Knowledge Management Method of Flower Diseases and Pests Based on Knowledge Graph

Accession number: 20232114129584

Title of translation:

Authors: Chen, Ming (1, 2); Zhu, Juezhang (1); Xi, Xiaotao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 2013Q6, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Fisheries Information, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai; 201306, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 291-300

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of complex relationship of factors and mixed knowledge in the field of flower diseases and pests, combined with the knowledge organization and management technology of knowledge graph, a knowledge management method of flower diseases and pests based on knowledge graph was proposed. Firstly, according to the literatures, the flower diseases and pests control elements, including environment were extracted, the flower diseases and pests ontology model was constructed and stored in RDF to realize the control of knowledge standardization and integrity. Secondly, according to the text characteristics obtained from the analysis, the triple extraction framework was proposed which combined the “01” tagging method of head and tail entity separation, a lite bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (ALBERT) and cascade tagging model with part of speech features (CaSposRel). Then using the custom RDF2PG mapping algorithm to complete the storage and management of flower diseases and pests knowledge. The experiments showed that the EI value of the tagging methods, pretrained model and extraction model in proposed extraction framework was increased by 0.88, 4.90 and 8.57 percentage points compared with that of baseline methods, and the Fl value of the extraction result was 95. 07%. The knowledge discovery showed that the knowledge management method effectively organized and managed the knowledge of flower diseases and pests, and helped the flower growers to carry out more effective pests control work. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Disease control

Controlled terms: Conformal mapping? - ?Data mining? - ?Extraction? - ?Knowledge graph? - ?Knowledge management? - ?Semantic Web

Uncontrolled terms: Complex relationships? - ?Control elements? - ?Flower? - ?Knowledge extraction? - ?Knowledge graphs? - ?Knowledge organization? - ?Management method? - ?Management technologies? - ?Ontology model? - ?Organization and management

Classification code: 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?723.4 Artificial Intelligence? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?802.3 Chemical Operations? - ?903 Information Science? - ?903.3 Information Retrieval and Use

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 7.00E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.029

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

42. Optimization Design and Experiments of Ditching Multi-bar Seedling Planting Mechanism

Accession number: 20232114129410

Title of translation:  []

Authors: Zhou, Haili (1, 2); Yang, Wei (1); Yu, Gaohong (1, 2); Wang, Bin (1); Ye, Bingliang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology, Hangzhou; 310018, China

Corresponding author: Ye, Bingliang(zist_ybl@zstu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 79-86

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the qualified rate is not easy to ensure when the seedling guiding tube planting mechanism is planted at high speed, a ditching multi-bar seedling planting mechanism with seedling pushing and supporting function was designed. The working principle of the planting mechanism was analyzed, and then the kinematics model of the mechanism was established. Based on the kinematics model, an aided-analysis and optimization software of the seedling planting mechanism was developed by using Matlab. According to the seedling planting requirements, the optimization objective was established, and the optimal mechanism parameters were obtained by the software and the Matlab genetic algorithm toolbox. With these parameters, the structure design and 3D modeling were completed, and the virtual simulation analysis was carried out to verify the correctness of design of the mechanism. The physical prototype of the seedling planting mechanism was manufactured, and the semi-automatic and automatic vegetable plug seedling planting experiments were carried out. The results showed that when the planting speed was not higher than 90 plants/min, the qualified rates were more than 95 %; when the planting speed was 120 plants/min, the qualified rates remained above 89%, which indicated that the mechanism was feasible for the seedling planting operation. The design provided a reference for the study of vegetable plug seedling transplanting machine. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Vegetables

Controlled terms: 3D modeling? - ?Genetic algorithms? - ?Kinematics? - ?MATLAB? - ?Three dimensional computer graphics

Uncontrolled terms: Guiding tubes? - ?High Speed? - ?Kinematics models? - ?Optimization design? - ?Plantings? - ?Plug seedling? - ?Seedling planting mechanism? - ?Seedlings transplanting? - ?Transplanting machine? - ?Vegetable plug seedling transplanting machine

Classification code: 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.90E+01%, Percentage 9.50E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.008

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

43. Recommendation Method of Crop Disease Prescription Based on CDSSM

Accession number: 20232114129599

Title of translation: CDSSM

Authors: Zhang, Lingxian (1); Zhao, Dantong (1); Ding, Junqi (1); Qiao, Yan (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beijing; 100029, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 308-317

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Crop disease diagnosis has accumulated a large number of electronic prescription data. It is an important practical problem that how to make secondary use of electronic prescription data to realize intelligent recommendation of crop disease prescription in the field of plant protection. A CDSSM-based crop disease prescription recommendation method was constructed to realize the diagnosis and prescription recommendation of multiple crop diseases. Based on the disease standard knowledge base, the crop disease prescription data were screened and expanded, and the standard prescription database was constructed combining with the domain knowledge. The CDSSM-based crop prescription recommendation model was constructed, semantic vector was generated according to text features, Cosine distances of semantic vectors were calculated, and prescription recommendation was completed with standard prescription database. The results were analyzed from four aspects of disease diagnosis, prescription recommendation, tomato disease prescription recommendation and influence of different inputs on prescription recommendation. The results were compared with models based on DSSM, DSSM - LSTM, Cosine, Jaccard and BM25. Combined with the actual application requirements, the mobile terminal oriented crop disease prescription recommendation application “ Prescriptionist” was designed and constructed. The results showed that the accuracy of disease diagnosis of CDSSM was 71%, the accuracy of prescription recommendation was 82%, which were better than that of the other five crop disease prescription recommendation models. The recommendation accuracy of tomato disease prescription was higher. The CDSSM-based crop prescription recommendation model constructed can meet the practical application requirements, and also expand the disease types, which can be used as an efficient auxiliary tool for crop disease prescription recommendation. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 24

Main heading: Diagnosis

Controlled terms: Crops? - ?Domain Knowledge? - ?Fruits? - ?Long short-term memory? - ?Semantics

Uncontrolled terms: Crop disease? - ?Crop disease prescription? - ?Deep semantic matching model? - ?Disease diagnosis? - ?Intelligent recommendation? - ?Matching models? - ?Recommendation methods? - ?Semantic matching? - ?Semantic similarity? - ?Semantic vectors

Classification code: 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology? - ?723.4 Artificial Intelligence? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 7.10E+01%, Percentage 8.20E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.031

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

44. Design of Maize Automatic Hole Fertilization System Targeting at Seed Based on Planetary Gear Train

Accession number: 20232114129679

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Zhengdao (1); Wang, Xingli (1); Li, Shuang (1); Huang, Yuxiang (1); Yan, Xiaoli (1); Zhao, Hongbo (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 60-67

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Maize hole fertilization synchronizing with seeding is an effective means to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency. To solve the problem that the relative position of seed and fertilizer could not be detected and controlled in real time with the present hole fertilization device, a maize automatic hole fertilization device was designed, and an automatic targeting at seed method based on planetary gear train was put forward. On the premise of the same seed distance and fertilizer distance, the phase difference between seed trays and fertilizer trays was adjusted in real time to realize the real-time control of the relative position of seeds and fertilizers during seeding. The influence of the advancing speed, the distance between the seed metering device and fertilizer discharging device and the spacing in the rows on the position of seed and fertilizer dropping was analyzed, the calculation method of the relative position of seed and fertilizer was obtained, and the automatic seed control algorithm of hole fertilization was designed. A control system based on STM32F103 was built, and the hardware system and software system were designed, seed and fertilizer dropping information was detected and controlled in real time. The experiment result showed that the average distance of seed and fertilizer was 8. 6 mm, 6. 1 mm, 11.7 mm and 8. 5 mm, while the forward speed was 3 k m/h, 4 k m/h, 5 km/h and 6 k m/h, respectively, which met the requirements of seed hole fertilization. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Fertilizers

Controlled terms: Control systems? - ?Real time control

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic targeting at seed? - ?Fertilisation? - ?Maize hole fertilization? - ?Phase difference? - ?Planetary gear train? - ?Real- time? - ?Relative positions? - ?Seed method? - ?Seed trays? - ?Utilization efficiency

Classification code: 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?821.2 Agricultural Chemicals

Numerical data indexing: Size 1.00E-03m, Size 1.17E-02m, Size 5.00E+03m, Size 5.00E-03m, Size 6.00E-03m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.006

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

45. Design and Experiment on Extended-range Electric Caterpillar Tractor

Accession number: 20232114129686

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Baochao (1); Qiao, Mingrui (1); Chu, Xianggang (1); Shang, Shuqi (1); Wang, Dongwei (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 431-439

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Electric tractors have the advantages of strong power, energy saving and emission reduction, simple structure, reliability and durability, which have become the focus of research at home and abroad. A 10 kW extended-range electric caterpillar tractor was developed, and the working condition analysis, electric drive system design, prototype trial production and field test were completed. The performance test and analysis were carried out for walking, rotary tillage and ditching conditions, and the results showed that the designed extended-range electric tractor was competent for the functions of traditional tractors. With the configuration, the motor output power was about 3.2 kW when the tractor walked at 4.8 km/h, about 3.75 kW when rotating tillage at 2 km/h, and about 3.3 kW when ditching at 2 km/h. Under the current battery configuration, it can support 2.2 h walking, 1.9 h rotary tillage and 2.1 h ditching, and the pure electric mode can basically meet the needs of zero-emission operations in small-scale greenhouses. When continuous large load operation was required, the range extender electric tractor can start the range-extender to co-power or charge the battery. The design of the extended-range electric crawler tractor was completed, and the specific data of the electric tractor for the common working status as transporting, rotating tillage and ditching was explored. The major performance of the electric tractor, including drive system power and range extension system, was verified which provided a certain basis for the subsequent improvement and parameter optimization configuration of the extended-range electric caterpillar tractor. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Tillage

Controlled terms: Digital storage? - ?Electric drives? - ?Emission control? - ?Energy conservation? - ?Secondary batteries? - ?Tractors (agricultural)? - ?Tractors (truck)

Uncontrolled terms: Caterpillar tractors? - ?Caterpiller? - ?Drive systems? - ?Electric tractors? - ?Extended range? - ?Extended-range electric tractor? - ?Power? - ?Range extenders? - ?Rotary tillages? - ?Small power

Classification code: 451.2 Air Pollution Control? - ?525.2 Energy Conservation? - ?663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles? - ?702.1.2 Secondary Batteries? - ?722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods

Numerical data indexing: Power 1.00E+04W, Power 3.20E+03W, Power 3.30E+03W, Power 3.75E+03W, Size 2.00E+03m, Size 4.80E+03m, Time 6.84E+03s, Time 7.56E+03s, Time 7.92E+03s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.044

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

46. Kinematic Analysis and Dimension Optimization of Multi-redundantly Actuated Parallel Mechanism 2RPU +2UPR +RPR

Accession number: 20232114129673

Title of translation: 2RPU+2UPR+RPR

Authors: Liu, Xiaofei (1); Liu, Yang (1); He, Yang (1); Wan, Bo (1); Liu, Yu (2); Zhao, Yongsheng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System Laboratory of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China; (2) Department of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou; 061100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 440-450

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: A RPR-type multi-redundantly actuated parallel mechanism 2RPU + 2UPR + RPR with freedom of two-rotation-one-translation was proposed. It can be used to design a variety of robots used in heavy loads and precision occasions. Motion and constraint screws about the mechanism were analyzed based on the screw theory, and with that the number and properties of degrees of freedom were analyzed. Kinematic model of the mechanism was developed and validated by simulation results. Transfer screw system of the mechanism was derived, and motion/force transfer index of the mechanism were established, including local and global performance index. In addition, the distribution characteristics of the performance index was analyzed. Dimension of the mechanism was optimized based on the quality workspace and quality transfer performance, and the optimized dimension was obtained, as well as the transmission performance map at the optimized dimension. What’s more, the influence of key dimension parameters on the mechanism transfer performance was analyzed. To verify the results of the dimension optimization, singular properties at the optimized dimension were analyzed based on Jacobian matrix and transmission performance maps. The research result would provide a reference for the theoretical research and application of this multi-redundantly actuated parallel mechanism. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 46

Main heading: Jacobian matrices

Controlled terms: Degrees of freedom (mechanics)? - ?Kinematics? - ?Machine design? - ?Screws? - ?Transmissions

Uncontrolled terms: Dimension optimization? - ?Freedom analyse? - ?Multi-redundant actuation? - ?Optimisations? - ?Parallel mechanisms? - ?Performance indices? - ?Performances analysis? - ?Property? - ?Redundant actuation? - ?Redundantly actuated

Classification code: 601 Mechanical Design? - ?602.2 Mechanical Transmissions? - ?605 Small Tools and Hardware? - ?921.1 Algebra? - ?931.1 Mechanics

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.03.045

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.