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2013年第44卷第4期共收录50篇 1. Accession number: 20131716238998 Title: 2-D simulation of soil temperature in solar greenhouse based on finite difference method Authors: He, Fen1 ; Ma, Chengwei2 ; Zhou, Changji1 ; Qi, Fei1 ; Liu, Chenxia2 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Farm Building in Structure and Construction, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China 2 Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author: Qi, F. (qf2008@188.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 228-232 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: For quantitative analysis of soil heat transfer and taking measures to increase temperature, the 2-D unsteady simulation model of soil temperature was built by using the finite difference method. After validating the correctness of the model by the data measured in the solar greenhouse of northwest China, the soil temperature simulated agreed well with the measured data. The mean absolute error was 1.3°C, the mean relative error was 9.5%, and the root mean square error was 1.5°C. Number of references: 11 Main heading: Computer simulation Controlled terms: Finite difference method - Greenhouses - Mean square error - Solar heating - Temperature Uncontrolled terms: Mean absolute error - Mean relative error - NorthWest China - Root mean square errors - Simulation model - Soil temperature - Solar greenhouse - Unsteady simulations Classification code: 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 643.1 Space Heating - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.040 Database: Compendex 2. Accession number: 20131716238983 Title: Advancement and trend of hyperspectral imaging technique for nondestructive detection of agro-product quality and safety Authors: Peng, Yankun1 ; Zhang, Leilei1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author: Peng, Y. (ypeng@cau.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 137-145 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: As one of the most important optical nondestructive detection technologies, hyperspectral imaging technology was widely used for assessing for agro-product quality and safety. At first, the advancement on hyperspectral imaging technology of agricultural and livestock products quality and safety was reviewed. The research and application of this technology in fruits and vegetables are wide, including internal quality detection, such as nutritional component analysis, eating quality evaluation and real-time online quality classification; external quality detection that consists characteristics identification, surface defect and chilling injury inspection; and detection of pesticides residue. In respect of fresh meet quality and safety detection, the hyperspectral imaging technology was investigated to develop application technologies and inspection equipments, including real-time analysis of nutritional components, online evaluation of meat eating quality parameters such as tenderness, marbling and freshness, and rapid evaluation of meat safety attributes such as microbial contamination and bacteria total viable count. Finally, the status and issues of hyperspectral technology were analyzed. Its development trend prospects was presented in the nondestructive detection of agricultural and livestock products. Number of references: 65 Main heading: Quality control Controlled terms: Agriculture - Imaging techniques - Pile foundations - Spectroscopy - Technology Uncontrolled terms: Agro-products - Application technologies - Hyperspectral imaging techniques - Hyperspectral imaging technologies - Microbial contamination - Nondestructive detection - Quality and safeties - Research and application Classification code: 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 901 Engineering Profession - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 801 Chemistry - 746 Imaging Techniques - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 483.2 Foundations DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.025 Database: Compendex 3. Accession number: 20131716238985 Title: Detectors for post-buckling deformation parameters and elastic modulus of elastic materials Authors: Jiang, Song1 ; Jiang, Yiyi2 ; Shi, Xiaoyan1 ; Zeng, Xinxin1 ; Guan, Guoqiang1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 2 Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China Corresponding author: Jiang, S. (jszhl@ujs.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 152-156 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: The post-buckling deformation parameters and elastic modulus of elastic materials are important parameters for the characterization of materials' mechanical properties. In order to improve the measuring accuracy and the degree of automation of post-buckling deformation parameters and simultaneous determination of elastic modulus of elastic materials, and to achieve the miniaturization of the testers, human-computer interaction technology, PLC control technology, linear pulse motor drive technology, scanning technology, force measurement technology, computer image processing technology, and other modern technology were integrated together to develop comprehensive detectors for post-buckling deformation parameters and elastic modulus of elastic materials. Meanwhile, determination of post-buckling deformation parameters of elastic materials based on the image processing technology and simultaneous determination of elastic modulus were achieved. Also, it also applied to the evaluation of the flexural capacity of dried straight-type food. And it proved to be feasible and reliable according to results of evaluation experiments. Number of references: 17 Main heading: Elastic moduli Controlled terms: Detectors - Elasticity - Electric drives - Image processing - Technology Uncontrolled terms: Computer image processing - Deformation parameter - Elastic materials - Image processing technology - Measurement technologies - Post buckling deformation - Postbuckling - Simultaneous determinations Classification code: 951 Materials Science - 914 Safety Engineering - 901 Engineering Profession - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 705 Electric Generators and Motors - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.027 Database: Compendex 4. Accession number: 20131716238978 Title: Comparative analysis on fertilization performance of six Venturi injectors Authors: Han, Qibiao1, 2 ; Huang, Xingfa3 ; Liu, Honglu4 ; Wu, Wenyong4 ; Fan, Yongshen1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China 2 Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453002, China 3 College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China 4 Beijing Hydraulic Research Institute, Beijing 100044, China Corresponding author: Huang, X. (huangxingfa@cau.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 113-117 136 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: An experiment on six Venturi injectors in Beijing was carried out. Based on theory studies, the differences of fertilization performance including fertilizer suction amount, the inlet discharge, the critical discharge and the critical pressure were analyzed and the regression models were built. It showed that the fertilizer suction amount and the inlet discharge were affected by the inlet and the outlet pressure directly. Domestic brands YR and RF were sensitive to the pressure fluctuation, while foreign models NF and AD could adjust to work environment better. The critical pressure of brands NF and AD-1were very low, thus these models have a long working range. In contrast, the critical pressure of the models RF and YR got to a half of the inlet pressure for a normal fertilization, and this means they have a short working range. Number of references: 20 Main heading: Pressure Controlled terms: Fertilizers - Jet pumps - Regression analysis Uncontrolled terms: Comparative analysis - Critical pressures - Fertilization performance - Outlet pressures - Pressure fluctuation - Regression model - Venturi injectors - Work environments Classification code: 618.2 Pumps - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.020 Database: Compendex 5. Accession number: 20131716239004 Title: Motion trajectory tracking control of pneumatic position servo systems Authors: Meng, Deyuan1 ; Tao, Guoliang1 ; Zhu, Xiaocong1, 2 ; Ban, Wei1 ; Qian, Pengfei1 Author affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong Corresponding author: Tao, G. (gltao@zju.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 268-274 279 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: An adaptive robust control scheme with valve dead-zone compensation was proposed for pneumatic position servo systems. The controller employed the on-line recursive least squares estimation to reduce parametric uncertainties, and utilized a robust control method to attenuate the effects of parameter estimation errors, unmodelled dynamics and disturbance. Thus, a good transient with precision motion trajectory tracking of pneumatic cylinders was guaranteed. The standard projection type adaption law was adopted to achieve a complete separation of the estimator design and the robust control law design. Since the system model uncertainties were unmatched, the recursive backstepping technology was applied to design the robust controller. Extensive comparative experimental results were presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller and its performance robustness to parameter variations and sudden disturbance. Number of references: 14 Main heading: Robust control Controlled terms: Backstepping - Design - Parameter estimation - Pneumatics - Servomechanisms - Ultrasonic devices - Uncertainty analysis Uncontrolled terms: Adaptive Control - Adaptive robust control - Dead-zone compensation - Motion trajectories - Parameter estimation errors - Parametric uncertainties - Recursive least-squares estimation - Robust control methods Classification code: 922.1 Probability Theory - 753.2 Ultrasonic Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 705 Electric Generators and Motors - 632.3 Pneumatics - 408 Structural Design DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.046 Database: Compendex 6. Accession number: 20131716238976 Title: Calculation methods for irrigation uniformity with sprinklers spaced in regular triangle Authors: Han, Wenting1 ; Cui, Lihua1 ; Wu, Pute2 ; Luo, Xiaoning3 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China 2 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, China Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China 3 College of Economics and Management, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Corresponding author: Wu, P. (gjzwpt@vip.sina.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 99-107 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: Uniformity coefficient of sprinkler irrigation is an important indicator for measuring hydraulic performance and irrigation quality of sprinkle irrigation system. In order to investigate the influence of the catch-can space, grid space and interpolation methods on the christiansen uniformity (Cu), Cu was computed by linear interpolation, cubic interpolation, cubic spline twice interpolation, inverse distance weighting method and plane interpolation method with 1m and 2 m sampling spaces, and 1m and 0.5 m grid spaces. The experiment was preceded indoor with no wind for the single sprinkler Nelson R33. The data here used to compute the Cu were measured in catch cans along one radial leg from the sprinkler position. The results showed that Cu computed from 2 m space catch-can data were less than that from 1m space catch-can data by 1.3%-3.4%. Smaller the grid space was, greater the Cu was, with deviations all less than 1.2%. The Cu calculation results by linear interpolation, cubic interpolation, cubic spline twice interpolation and inverse distance weighting method were very close to each other. However, Cu showed great difference when using the plane interpolation method with the other methods. The orthogonal test of variance analysis method was used to analyze the factors which influence the result of the Cu. The results showed that the influence of catch-can space, grid space and interpolation method on Cu was less and less in turn. Number of references: 26 Main heading: Sprinkler systems (irrigation) Controlled terms: Hose - Interpolation - Numerical control systems - Water supply systems Uncontrolled terms: Hydraulic performance - Inverse distance weighting method - Irrigation uniformity - Sprinkler irrigation - Sprinkler space - Uniformity - Variance analysis methods - Water distributions Classification code: 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.018 Database: Compendex 7. Accession number: 20131716238965 Title: Path tracking of intelligent vehicle based on dynamic image threshold Authors: Li, Jin1 ; Chen, Jieping1 ; Xu, Chaosheng1 ; Wang, Minglei2 ; Wang, Jiaen2 Author affiliation: 1 School of Mechanical Electronic and Automobile Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China 2 School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China Corresponding author: Li, J. (region2008@163.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 39-44 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: The path recognition for vision-guided intelligent vehicle is easily affected by environmental conditions such as illumination. Considering the width of the path in the captured image should be in a fixed range, the recognized path width could be used to determine whether the previously-used threshold was suitable or not. And then the threshold could be adjusted to a suitable value to recognize the path accurately. The process and method for acquiring the dynamic image threshold was presented, and the path recognition and tracking system was designed. The experiments showed the dynamic image threshold could recognize the path more efficiently than other common optimal threshold algorithm under different conditions, especially under strong illumination, and the intelligent vehicle can track the path accurately and robustly. Number of references: 13 Main heading: Intelligent vehicle highway systems Uncontrolled terms: Dynamic images - Environmental conditions - ON dynamics - Optimal threshold - Path recognition - Path tracking - Tracking system - Vision navigation Classification code: 723.5 Computer Applications DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.007 Database: Compendex 8. Accession number: 20131716238970 Title: Anti-blocking mechanism of type 2BMFJ-3 no-till precision planter for wheat stubble fields Authors: Wang, Hanyang1 ; Chen, Haitao1 ; Ji, Wenyi1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Corresponding author: Chen, H. (haitao1963@yahoo.com.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 64-70 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: A type of anti-blocking mechanism, used on no-till precision planter for wheat stubble fields, was designed. The purpose was to solve straw burning and residue blocking between seeding units which were caused by large amount of straws and higher stubbles in annual double cropping area of Huanghuaihai. In order to find out reasonable structure and operation parameters of the anti-blocking mechanism, optimization experiment was conducted with orthogonal test method of three factors and three levels. The optimal parameters combination was as follows: the operation speed of 4.5 km/h, the arrangement of blade of 4-3-4, the rotating speed of blade shaft of 400 r/min. The field experiment result showed that when the cutting depth of blade was 20-30 mm, the soil disturbance was 63%-76%, the anti-blocking mechanism could solve the problem of straw blocking and improve the seeding quality. Number of references: 31 Main heading: Experiments Controlled terms: Design - Optimization - Testing Uncontrolled terms: Anti-blocking mechanisms - No-till planters - Operation parameters - Optimal parameter - Orthogonal test method - Seeding qualities - Soil disturbances - Wheat stubble field Classification code: 408 Structural Design - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.012 Database: Compendex 9. Accession number: 20131716239005 Title: Modeling method for servo motor system based on model reference adaptive system Authors: Wang, Yongqiang1 ; Zhang, Chengrui1 ; Lang, Xulin1 ; Zhang, Yue1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China Corresponding author: Zhang, C. (zhangchengrui@gmail.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 275-279 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: A modeling method was proposed based on model reference adaptive system (MRAS). According to Lyapunov stability theory, a MRAS was established, with a low-order model which has excellent dynamic characteristics, serve as reference model, and the servo motor system as controlled plant. The low-order model of the servo motor system can be conducted when the adjustable system and reference model achieved an exact match through experiment. Using the proposed method, the second-order model of the servo motor system was derived from the experimental results of case study. The model was proved to have a high accuracy through simulation and experiment. The difference between the two models output within ±0.00063 rad when 50000 pulse signals were input continuously within 20 s. Number of references: 12 Main heading: Telecommunication networks Controlled terms: Adaptive systems - Computer simulation - Experiments - Models - Partial discharges Uncontrolled terms: Dynamic characteristics - Low order models - Lyapunov stability theory - Model reference adaptive system - Pulse signal - Reference models - Second-order models Classification code: 901.3 Engineering Research - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 717 Optical Communication DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.047 Database: Compendex 10. Accession number: 20131716238973 Title: Field real-time testing system for measuring work dynamic parameters of suspension agricultural implement Authors: Xu, Chunlin1, 2 ; Li, Lianhao3 ; Zhao, Dayong1, 2 ; Li, Xiangjun2 ; Li, Mingjin1, 2 ; Zhang, Wei1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China 2 Harbin Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute, Harbin 150070, China 3 College of Water and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author: Zhang, W. (zhang66wei@126.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 83-88 82 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: In order to meet the development of agricultural machinery and the need for real-time testing of multiple dynamic parameters, three-points hanging type measuring force device was developed on the basis of principles of relative test devices, combined with three-pin summing circuit and measuring force pin with universal three-points hanging mechanism on agricultural machinery. According to the characteristics of selected sensors, and on the LabVIEW developing platform, a field test system on dynamic parameters for high-power suspension agricultural implement was developed. Suspension implements of displacement, power output axis speed and torque, output power, level traction, fuel consumption and other parameters were tested. Type CTM-5000 comprehensive field test system was developed. The source of systematic errors was analyzed. The way of avoiding the errors was found. With the front and rear of tractor supporting farm implements for a test object and comparing with the existing similar test system, results showed that the measurement data were reliable and easy to be operated. The system showed feasibility and advantages of this new design. Number of references: 21 Main heading: Suspensions (components) Controlled terms: Agricultural implements - Agricultural machinery - Automobile testing - Dynamics - Instruments - Sensors - Testing Uncontrolled terms: Developing platforms - Dynamic parameters - Measurement data - Output power - Parameters - Power out put - Real-time testing - Test systems Classification code: 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 931.1 Mechanics - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 801 Chemistry - 663 Buses, Tractors and Trucks - 662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles - 601.2 Machine Components - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.015 Database: Compendex 11. Accession number: 20131716238979 Title: Variational rule of aerodynamic roughness under crop stubble coverage Authors: Zhao, Yonglai1 ; Ma, Shuoshi2 ; Chen, Zhi2 ; Sun, Yuechao1 ; Wang, Ronglian3 Author affiliation: 1 Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou 014109, China 2 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China 3 Inner Mongolia Institute of Water Resources Research, Huhhot 010019, China Corresponding author: Chen, Z. (chz6653@sohu.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 118-122 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: The test and analysis were conducted on oat crop stubble coverage farmland by means of the movable wind tunnel. The result showed that aerodynamic roughness increased with the increasing of crop stubble coverage width under the given velocities. The field surface velocity of windward reduced to less than that of leeward. The field surface aerodynamic roughness showed an extreme value when crop stubble coverage width reached to 5 m. Its increasing amplitude grew minuteness with increasing of crop stubble coverage width. Aerodynamic roughness increased with increasing of friction wind velocity and its increasing amplitude more than that of friction wind velocity. In conclusion, crop stubble coverage with reasonable width could reduce near surface shear stress. Compare with friction wind velocity, the effect of aerodynamic roughness on near surface shear stress was found to be more obvious. Number of references: 27 Main heading: Aerodynamics Controlled terms: Crops - Friction - Shear stress - Tribology - Velocity - Wind tunnels Uncontrolled terms: Aerodynamic roughness - Extreme value - Friction wind velocities - Near surfaces - Surface velocity - Test and analysis - Variational rule Classification code: 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.1 Mechanics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.021 Database: Compendex 12. Accession number: 20131716239008 Title: Multi-objective optimization of turning based on grey relational and principal component analysis Authors: Liu, Chunjing1, 2 ; Tang, Dunbing1 ; He, Hua2 ; Chen, Xingqiang2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China 2 Department of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, College of Bengbu, Bengbu 233030, China Corresponding author: Tang, D. (d.tang@nuaa.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 293-298 292 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: The turning experimental model was presented with the cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut as design variables based on Taguchi method. The multi-objective optimization of turning was performed with the surface roughness, cutting force and tool wear as performance characteristics by using combined grey relational analysis and principal component analysis. In order to objectively reveal the relative importance for each performance characteristic in grey relational analysis, principal component analysis was specially introduced here to determine the corresponding weighting values for each performance characteristic. The result analysis showed that cutting speed of 240 m/min, feed rate of 0.10 mm/r, depth of cut of 0.15 mm were the optimal cutting parameters. Meanwhile, the optimal performance characteristics were surface roughness of 0.168 μm, cutting force of 163.636 N and tool wear of 0.129 mm. Number of references: 18 Main heading: Principal component analysis Controlled terms: Cutting - Information theory - Multiobjective optimization - Surface roughness - Taguchi methods - Turning - Wear of materials Uncontrolled terms: Design variables - Experimental models - Grey relational - Grey relational analysis - Optimal cutting parameters - Optimal performance - Performance characteristics - Weighting values Classification code: 604.1 Metal Cutting - 604.2 Machining Operations - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.050 Database: Compendex 13. Accession number: 20131716238982 Title: Effect of calcination method on morphological characteristics and composition of rice husk ash Authors: Li, Hongtao1, 2 ; Li, Bingxi1 ; Xu, Youning2 ; Gao, Xiaoyan1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 2 Key Lab. of Clean Combustion for Electric Generation and Heat Supply Technol. of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China Corresponding author: Li, B. (libx@hit.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 131-136 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: In order to obtain the best process for rice husk combustion, the morphological characteristics and composition of rice husk ash (RHA) were studied by changing calcination temperature and residence time. The research on morphology characteristics showed that the carbon content of RHA was lower when adopted the mode of first lower temperature combustion then higher temperature combustion. The microscopic morphology of RHA was different by using different calcination methods. The particle size of RHA by direct higher temperature combustion was significantly larger than that by other methods. For the component of RHA, the main ingredient of RHA was amorphous SiO2 by lower temperature (575°C) combustion while silica form crystal when preparation process existed in higher temperature (815°C) combustion stage, and the potassium content of RHA was relatively lower by using the mode of first lower temperature combustion then higher temperature combustion. Number of references: 20 Main heading: Combustion Controlled terms: Calcination - Chemical analysis - Morphology - Silica Uncontrolled terms: Calcination method - Calcination temperature - Gray value - Microscopic morphology - Morphological characteristic - Preparation process - Rice husk ash - Temperature combustion Classification code: 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 951 Materials Science DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.024 Database: Compendex 14. Accession number: 20131716238989 Title: Kinetics of character aroma production during cider fermentation by NIRS Authors: Peng, Bangzhu1 ; Yue, Tianli1 ; Yuan, Yahong1 ; Gao, Zhenpeng1 ; Guo, Yaodong1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Corresponding author: Yue, T. (ytl6503@163.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 179-183 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: In order to measure and monitor character aroma content accurately and rapidly, calibration models were established during cider fermentation based on near infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the calibration models developed with partial least square (PLS) by the spectral pretreatment of first derivative (FD) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) in the characteristic absorption spectra ranges of 9747.1-7498.3 cm-1 and 6102.0-5446.3 cm-1 were the best. The correlation coefficients (R2) and the root mean square errors of cross validation of the model in calibration set were 0.9205 and 4.87 mg/L, respectively. The R2 of the test set and the root mean square error of prediction were 0.9388 and 3.76 mg/L, respectively. These demonstrated that the model was very well and can be applied to quick determination and monitoring of character aroma content during cider-making. Based on the NIRS model, kinetic model of character aroma production was constructed with a R2 of 0.9930 by Luedeking-Piret equation. The results showed that the fitted values by the model were in an agreement with the observed values. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Mean square error Controlled terms: Calibration - Fermentation - Near infrared spectroscopy Uncontrolled terms: Character aroma - Characteristic absorption - Cider - Correlation coefficient - Luedeking-Piret equation - Multiplicative scatter correction - Partial least square (PLS) - Root-mean-square error of predictions Classification code: 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801 Chemistry - 731.1 Control Systems DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.031 Database: Compendex 15. Accession number: 20131716239000 Title: Strategy and method of digital design based on three-level-drive model Authors: Gao, Fei1 ; Zhang, Yuanming1 ; Xiao, Gang1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China Corresponding author: Gao, F. (gfei_jack@163.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 239-245 267 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: Digital design is an important tactic for mass customization. It is a key technique to establish an effective design model. Through analyzing design knowledge, a method of digital design based on a three-level-drive model which included demand parameters, key parameters and structure parameters was proposed. Demand parameters were the input of first-level drive, where product key parameters were obtained through product scheme design system and optimization model. Key parameters were the input of second-level drive, where a hierarchical strategy was advised to establish constraint network model, so that detail structure parameters of parts can be derived. Detail structure parameters were the input of third-level drive which could drive parametric geometry model and remote finite element analysis model to validate the design. Web-based technology was also employed to facilitate the distributed digital design. The whole strategy and method were put into practice in a crane factory, and proved to be applicable and effective. Number of references: 14 Main heading: Product design Controlled terms: Computer aided manufacturing - Finite element method Uncontrolled terms: Constraint networks - Digital designs - Finite element analysis model - Hierarchical strategies - Mass customization - Parametric geometries - Structure parameter - Web-based technologies Classification code: 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.4.2 Computer Aided Manufacturing - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.042 Database: Compendex 16. Accession number: 20131716238999 Title: Thermodynamic analysis of solar-assisted ground source heat pump system Authors: Zheng, Rongjin1 ; Zhuang, Lin1 ; Chi, Qing2 ; Sun, Wenjun1 ; Zhang, Anlai3 ; Fu, Lixia1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 2 Zhejiang Donghua Architectural Planning and Design Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310014, China 3 Jinhua Rural New Energy Technology Extention Station, Jinhua 321017, China Corresponding author: Zheng, R. (rongjinzheng@zju.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 233-238 232 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: The energy and exergy analytical method was used to analyze the performance of solar-assisted ground source heat pump (GSHP) system installed in a building for soft-shell turtle culture and related Exergy analytical models were developed. The performance of the system was evaluated in terms of the thermodynamic parameters of exergy destruction rate, exergy efficiency and exergetic factor. The results showed that the heat exchanger of surface water had an exergy efficiency of 92.0%, higher than other parts of the system. The exergy destruction of solar collectors, heat pump unit and thermal storage tank was large and exergetic factor reached to 88.1%, which had a higher irreversibility and was the key of system optimization. The coefficient of performance of GSHP unit reached to 2.26. Number of references: 21 Main heading: Exergy Controlled terms: Aquaculture - Geothermal heat pumps - Heat storage - Solar energy - Thermoanalysis - Thermodynamic properties Uncontrolled terms: Coefficient of Performance - Energy and exergy - Exergey - Exergy destructions - Exergy efficiencies - System optimizations - Thermo dynamic analysis - Thermodynamic parameter Classification code: 615.2 Solar Power - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 801 Chemistry - 821.3 Agricultural Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.041 Database: Compendex 17. Accession number: 20131716238963 Title: Dynamic analysis of boom system based on hydraulic transformer Authors: Shen, Wei1 ; Jiang, Jihai1 ; Wang, Kelong1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Mechatronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China Corresponding author: Jiang, J. (jjhlxw@hit.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 27-32 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: To enhance the hydraulic system efficiency of excavator, one system which adopted the novel hydraulic transformer (NHT) was proposed to control boom cylinder due to the great recoverable energy of boom. Firstly, according to the tough working period, especially for the load fluctuates frequently and violently, the rod side of the boom cylinder was connected to the high pressure line of common pressure rail (CPR). Moreover, the proposed system was analyzed by using of mathematical method and the model was constructed. Measurement data about the boom load change of one excavator was input into the simulation model. Finally, the valid angle range of NHT was studied and the pressure feedback loop was applied. Results showed that the proposed system possessed good servo performance under great fluctuating load. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Cylinders (shapes) Controlled terms: Computer simulation - Construction equipment - Dynamic analysis - Excavation - Excavators - Hydraulic equipment Uncontrolled terms: Common pressure rails - Fluctuating loads - Hydraulic system - Hydraulic transformer - Mathematical method - Pressure feedback - Recoverable energy - Servo performance Classification code: 405.1 Construction Equipment - 405.2 Construction Methods - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 422.2 Strength of Building Materials : Test Methods - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 723.5 Computer Applications DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.005 Database: Compendex 18. Accession number: 20131716238995 Title: Recognition and conglutination separation of individual hens based on machine vision in complex environment Authors: Lao, Fengdan1, 2 ; Teng, Guanghui1 ; Li, Zhuo1 ; Yu, Ligen1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China 2 Network Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author: Teng, G. (futong@cau.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 213-216 227 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: The Lab color model was selected as the segmentation color space. The developed system was able to classify each pixel by calculating the smallest Euclidean distance between the pixel and a set of color markers. The RGB images were taken at an early stage of the experiment, and then converted to Lab images. Small regions, which include some regions from the background and the hens, were chosen. The average color of each region was calculated to segment the hen and the background. For automatically separating overlap hens and counting the number of hens in group-housed environments, an algorithm based on ultimate erosion and concavity seek was used to provide the most accurate results. With the results of 108 images, it showed that the algorithm was able to achieve an accuracy of 93.5% for counting the number of hens in image, and an accuracy of 89.8% under conglutination condition. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Color Controlled terms: Algorithms - Antigen-antibody reactions - Computer vision - Erosion - Image recognition - Pile foundations - Pixels Uncontrolled terms: Color markers - Color models - Complex environments - Concavity seeking - Conglutination - Euclidean distance - Hens - Small region Classification code: 921 Mathematics - 741.2 Vision - 741.1 Light/Optics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 483.2 Foundations - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 461.9.1 Immunology - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.037 Database: Compendex 19. Accession number: 20131716238996 Title: Apple fruit recognition algorithm based on laser scanning 3-D image Authors: Feng, Juan1, 2 ; Liu, Gang1 ; Si, Yongsheng2 ; Wang, Shengwei1 ; Ren, Wen1 ; Zhou, Wei1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China 2 College of Information Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China Corresponding author: Liu, G. (pac@cau.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 217-222 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: An algorithm was proposed for recognizing apple fruit on the tree in order to eliminate the effects of different light and complex background. A kind of 3-D image of fruit tree was acquired with laser vision system. Image background was simplified by given scene knowledge. A double threshold detecting method was used for binarize image. Contour tracking technology based on chain code was used to record direction of target's boundary. According to change rules of chain code information, relevant standards were established for extracting contour points of apple. Shape features of fruit were obtained by random circle method. The experimental results under various conditions showed that the algorithm was real-time. Its recognition rate reached to 93.75% while fruit area sheltered was less than 40%, and the whole effect was immune to light conditions and fruit surface color. Number of references: 13 Main heading: Fruits Controlled terms: Algorithms - Computer vision - Forestry - Laser applications - Orchards - Three dimensional - Trees (mathematics) Uncontrolled terms: 3-D image - Apple - Complex background - Contour tracking - Detecting methods - Different lights - Laser scanning - Recognition Classification code: 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 744.9 Laser Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.038 Database: Compendex 20. Accession number: 20131716239003 Title: Influence of water film thickness on characteristic of low speed high torque water hydraulic motor's supporting shaft rotor pair Authors: Wang, Zhiqiang1 ; Gao, Dianrong1 ; Huang, Yao1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Heavy Machinery Fluid Power Transmission and Control of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China Corresponding author: Gao, D. (gaodr@ysu.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 262-267 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: The aim of this paper was to find an appropriate water film thickness to improve the volumetric efficiency of water hydraulic motor and the static and dynamic characteristics of the supporting shaft rotor pair. Based on the equilibrium equation and the flow equation, the mathematical models of the power loss, the static characteristics and the dynamic characteristics were established. The total power loss, the bearing capacity, the static stiffness, the radial velocity and the displacement of rotor could be the performance indexes of the supporting shaft rotor pair. Different size of the water film thickness had different performance indexes. So the influence of the water film thickness on the supporting shaft rotor pair was analyzed in detail. The research showed that when the water film thickness was increased, the power loss, the radial velocity and the displacement of rotor were increased, the static stiffness and the volumetric efficiency were reduced, but the bearing capacity kept constant. Number of references: 11 Main heading: Rotors (windings) Controlled terms: Bearing capacity - Film thickness - Hydraulic motors - Mathematical models - Rotors - Stiffness Uncontrolled terms: Dynamic characteristics - Performance - Static and dynamic characteristics - Static characteristic - Supporting shaft - Volumetric efficiency - Water film thickness - Water hydraulic motor Classification code: 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 704.1 Electric Components - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 601.2 Machine Components - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.045 Database: Compendex 21. Accession number: 20131716239001 Title: Inverse kinematics solution and verification of modular 6-DOF manipulator Authors: Li, Xianhua1 ; Guo, Yongcun1 ; Zhang, Jun1 ; Guo, Shuai2 Author affiliation: 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China 2 CIMS and Robot Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China Corresponding author: Guo, Y. (ycguo@aust.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 246-251 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: Aimed at 6-DOF modular serial manipulator, forward kinematics was established and an inverse kinematics calculation method was proposed. To the structural characteristics of the manipulator, a forward kinematics model was conducted by using the DH method to describe the workspace. In the process of solving inverse kinematics, because the independent irrelevant variable equation can not be found by the pure algebra method, the geometry method was employed to solving the inverse kinematics of the first three joints, and the last three joints were solved by using algebra method. The complete analytical solution of the inverse kinematics was acquired by giving the combination principle of solutions. In order to meet the need of programming and actual control of robot system, the correctness of forward and inverse kinematics was validated by software developed based on MFC of VC . Number of references: 15 Main heading: Inverse kinematics Controlled terms: Manipulators - Robot programming Uncontrolled terms: Combination principle - Forward and inverse kinematics - Forward kinematics - Inverse kinematics solutions - Irrelevant variables - Modular manipulators - Serial manipulators - Structural characteristics Classification code: 731.5 Robotics - 931.1 Mechanics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.043 Database: Compendex 22. Accession number: 20131716238964 Title: Vehicle tracking based on multi-feature adaptive fusion Authors: Li, Yuchen1, 2 ; Li, Zhanming1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 School of Electric Engineering and Information Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China 2 Key Laboratory of Advanced Control of Industrial Processes of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China Corresponding author: Li, Y. (35146291@qq.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 33-38 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: A kind of adaptive multi-feature fusion tracking algorithm was proposed. The proposed algorithm overcame the particle degeneration phenomenon well by using finite-difference extended Kalman filter. The proposal distribution function was optimized. The latest observation information was fused into the suggestion distribution function by using finite-difference extended Kalman filter. Meanwhile, an adaptive multi-feature fusion method was proposed to overcome the defects of the additive fusion and the multiplicative fusion. The proposed method used static and dynamic characteristics as complementary observables in the framework of improved particle filter. Experimental results showed that the proposed method was effective in enhancing the accuracy and robustness of vehicle tracking system in different environments. Number of references: 11 Main heading: Target tracking Controlled terms: Algorithms - Extended Kalman filters - Image processing - Monte Carlo methods - Tracking (position) Uncontrolled terms: Finite difference - Improved particle filter - Multi-feature fusion - Observation information - Particle degenerations - Particle filter - Static and dynamic characteristics - Vehicle tracking system Classification code: 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.006 Database: Compendex 23. Accession number: 20131716238959 Title: Launch simulation for AMT based on 6-DOF model of vehicle powertrain Authors: Luan, Wenbo1 ; Wu, Guangqiang1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China 2 Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan Corresponding author: Wu, G. (wuguangqiang@tongji.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 1-7 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: The launch for vehicle equipped automated mechanical transmission was studied. Based on the torsional vibration parameters of vehicle powertrain, such as inertia, stiffness and damp, 6-DOF model of vehicle powertrain was established. Considering the variable friction coefficient and cushion spring nonlinear compression characteristic of clutch driven plate, it controlled the changing rate of throttle opening, engaging displacement and speed according to the opening of acceleration pedal to keep the constant speed of engine while launching. Through the method of simulation, the launching control method with constant engine speed was proved to be feasible. The clutch output torque and jerk value while launching considering torsional vibration factor of powertrain was obtained. The results of simulation were closer to the reality. Number of references: 12 Main heading: Computer simulation Controlled terms: Clutches - Elastic waves - Launching - Machine vibrations - Powertrains - Transmissions - Vehicles Uncontrolled terms: Automated mechanical transmissions - Dry clutches - Engine speed - Nonlinear compression - Powertrain models - Torsional vibration - Variable frictions - Vehicle powertrains Classification code: 931.1 Mechanics - 751.1 Acoustic Waves - 723.5 Computer Applications - 672 Naval Vessels - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 432 Highway Transportation DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.001 Database: Compendex 24. Accession number: 20131716238988 Title: Optimization of technology parameters of corn porous starch by extrusion-enzyme synergistic method Authors: Liu, Yuxin1 ; Xiao, Zhigang1, 2 ; Yang, Qingyu1 ; Wang, Limin1 ; Xu, Hui1 ; Chen, Hao1 Author affiliation: 1 Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China 2 Grain Science and Technology College, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China Corresponding author: Xiao, Z. (zhigangx@sina.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 171-178 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: Porous starch was produced with corn starch by using extrusion pretreatment before enzymolysis, and the effect of system parameters on oil absorption rate of porous starch were investigated. Barrel temperature, moisture content of material, rotation speed of screw and aperture diameter of extruding machine were considered as factors, the oil absorption rate of porous corn starch was employed as evaluation index. Through the experiment of single factor and response surface experiment, with the aid of Design-Expert, the mathematical model of response factors on the index was established. The effect of interaction between factors of models on index was analyzed. The results indicated that the optimal extrusion conditions were barrel temperature of 68°C, moisture content of material of 42%, screw speed of 150 r/min and the aperture diameter of 12 mm. Under the optimal conditions, the oil absorption rate was 62.13%, and the oil absorption rate had increased by 29.78% compared with that not treated with extrusion. SEM indicated that the microstructure of porous starch was alveolate. Number of references: 19 Main heading: Starch Controlled terms: Experiments - Extrusion - Gelation - Mathematical models - Moisture determination - Optimization - Screws Uncontrolled terms: Degree of gelatinization - Extrusion conditions - Oil absorption rates - Optimal conditions - Porous corn starches - Porous starches - Synergistic method - Technology parameters Classification code: 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 535.2.2 Metal Forming Practice - 802.3 Chemical Operations DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.030 Database: Compendex 25. Accession number: 20131716238961 Title: Design and experiment of hydro-mechanical CVT speed ratio for tractor Authors: Ni, Xiangdong1, 2 ; Zhu, Sihong1 ; Ouyang, Daye1 ; Chang, Yalei1 ; Wang, Guangming1 ; van Thinh, Nguyen1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China 2 College of Mechanical Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China Corresponding author: Zhu, S. (zhusihong@njau.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 15-20 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: According to the difference of the tractor operating mode, the hydro-mechanical automatic transmission can automatically complete the change of transmission ratio and achieve the match of the speed and torque of the engine under different operating modes. The forward section of the designed hydraulic machinery adopted four sections of geometric proportion. Each section transmission common ratio was 1.88. Pure hydraulic section of the designed hydraulic machinery was used for the start of the tractor. Based on the continuity of the transformation of different segments of speed ratio, the gear ratio and power match of variable displacement pump and quantitative motor of each drive pair was determined. Also, the load characteristics of the tractor under various operation modes were combined. The speed ratio match of the optimal economic point of the engine of four sections of the hydraulic machinery was determined. Then, the continuity of the segments of transmission between different sections of hydraulic machinery and continuity output response of smooth acceleration of the tractor were verified. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Transmissions Controlled terms: Engines - Hydraulic machinery - Speed - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) Uncontrolled terms: Automatic transmission - Continuously variable transmission - Hydro-mechanical CVT - Load characteristics - Operation mode - Speed ratio - Transmission ratios - Variable displacement Classification code: 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 612 Engines - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 931.1 Mechanics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.003 Database: Compendex 26. Accession number: 20131716238980 Title: Technology on improving anaerobic fermentation of dairy manure Authors: Guan, Zhengjun1 ; Bi, Lanping1 ; Li, Wenzhe1 ; Liu, Shuang1 ; Cao, Liang1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Corresponding author: Guan, Z. (zhjguan@163.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 123-126 151 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: In order to improve producing gas efficiency by anaerobic fermentation of the dairy manure, solid-liquid separated pretreatment of dairy manure and anaerobic co-disestion of separation liquid and pig manure were investigated. The results indicated that separation liquid separated pretreatment of dairy manure reduced the material viscosity and favored mass transfer of microorganism. In the comparative fermentation trial of dairy manure separation solution and dilute dairy manure, gas production of separated liquid was increased by 32.68% than that of diluted dairy manure and methane yield was improved by a large margin. In a proper mixture proportion of dairy manure and pig manure, a good fermentation result would be achieved. In the experiment, the process of biogas producing was stable and the cycle was relatively short at 10.49% mixture group. Furthermore, the biggest cumulative biogas production was 59.8 L. It increased by 26.24% compared with pig group (TS is 8.00%) and 43.51% compared with mixture group (TS is 8.54%). The results showed that biogas yield was increased significantly under the condition of mixture composited of dairy manure and pig manure (TS is 10.49%). Number of references: 16 Main heading: Manures Controlled terms: Biogas - Fermentation - Liquid methane - Liquids - Methane - Mixtures - Separation Uncontrolled terms: Anaerobic fermentation - Co-disestion - Dairy manures - Pig manures - Solid-liquid separation Classification code: 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 522 Gas Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.022 Database: Compendex 27. Accession number: 20131716238986 Title: Effects of proply gallate treatment on freshness of harvested longan fruits Authors: Lin, Yifen1, 2 ; Lin, Hetong1, 2 ; Chen, Yihui1, 2 ; Chen, Mengyin1, 2 ; Lin, Zhongquan1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China 2 Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China Corresponding author: Lin, H. (hetonglin@163.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 157-162 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: Effects of proply gallate treatment on freshness of harvested longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruits were investigated. The harvested longan fruits were dipped in 5 mmol/L proply gallate for 20 min, while, the control fruits were dipped in distilled water. The fruits were dried prior to packaging and stored at (15±1)°C. During fruit storage, the changes of postharvest physiology, quality and fresh-keeping effect of harvested longan fruits were determined. The results showed that compared with the control fruits, the treatments with proply gallate could effectively reduce fruit respiration rate, delay the increase of cell membrane relative leakage rate in pericarp, keep higher contents of pulp nutritional ingredients such as total sugars, sucrose and vitamin C, and higher contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenolics in pericarp, decrease pericarp browning index and aril breakdown index, and keep higher healthy fruit percentage. After 6 d storage at (15±1)°C, there were 85% healthy fruit in proply gallate-treated longan fruits, while only 72% healthy fruit in the control fruits. From the results it can be concluded that the treatment of 5 mmol/L proply gallate dipping for 20 min can effectively delay fruit senescence, increase fruit quality and fresh-keeping effect of harvested longan fruits. Number of references: 19 Main heading: Fruits Controlled terms: Cell membranes - Cytology - Harvesting Uncontrolled terms: Dimocarpus longan lours - Fresh keepings - Gallate - Longan - Nutritional ingredients - Postharvest physiologies - Respiration rate - Total phenolics Classification code: 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.028 Database: Compendex 28. Accession number: 20131716238971 Title: Intelligent tobacco quantitative hole application topdressing machine Authors: Wang, Jinxing1 ; Gao, Lijuan2 ; Liu, Shuangxi1 ; Cui, Wei2 ; Wang, Qinxiang2 ; Wang, Rui2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China 2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machineries and Equipments, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China Corresponding author: Wang, J. (jinxingw@163.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 71-76 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: A kind of intelligent tobacco quantitative hole application topdressing machine based on opposite-type infrared photoelectric sensor and microcontroller was designed. When the topdressing machine moved forward pulled by the engine, 20 pairs of opposite-type infrared photoelectric sensors of the sensor detection device accurately detected the central position and diameter of the tobacco plant, then the microcontroller determined the best topdressing point and controlled the duckbill to complete the automatic and quantitative hole application topdressing. The test results showed that the detection accuracy rate of sensor detection device reached to 99%, the topdressing accuracy reached to 97%, and the tobacco plant injury rate was less than 2%. Number of references: 21 Main heading: Tobacco Controlled terms: Photoelectricity - Sensors Uncontrolled terms: Detection accuracy - Detection device - Infrared photoelectric - Injury rate - Quantification - Tobacco plants - Topdressing machine Classification code: 741.1 Light/Optics - 801 Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.013 Database: Compendex 29. Accession number: 20131716238960 Title: Modeling and implementing of AMT electronic control system based on UML Authors: Qi, Shengbo1 ; Ji, Fenglei1 ; Yu, Jingdong2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China 2 Yantai Sencott Intelligent Instruments Co. Ltd., Yantai 264100, China Corresponding author: Qi, S. (qishengbo@ouc.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 8-14 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: Object-oriented analysis methods were introduced and a set of models were built based on the unified modeling language (UML), such as the function of the system, object structure, behavior and activities, as well as implementation of the system. After appropriate conversation, and with QM tool, the code could be automatically generated directly from UML model based on quantum platform. Compared to the usual development method, there were obvious advantages of the proposed method in development, maintenance and code reuse, etc. Number of references: 13 Main heading: Unified Modeling Language Controlled terms: Control Uncontrolled terms: Automated mechanical transmissions - Automatically generated - Code reuse - Development method - Electronic control systems - Object structure - Object-oriented analysis - Quantum platform Classification code: 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 732 Control Devices DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.002 Database: Compendex 30. Accession number: 20131716238972 Title: Kinematic analysis and simulation of liquid fertilizer distributor's cam for liquid fertilizer applicator Authors: Wang, Jinwu1 ; He, Jiannan1 ; Pan, Zhenwei1 ; Wang, Jinfeng1 ; Lang, Chunling1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Corresponding author: Wang, J. (jinwuw@163.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 77-82 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: Using Visual Basic 6.0 software, the kinematics equations of the spray fertilizer needle tip point of fertilizer applicator's planetary pricking hole mechanism with congruent elliptic gears was programmed. The y-component image and static trajectory of the needle tip point's location was got. Then, according to the fertilizer requirements when spray fertilizer needle buried and distributor's working principle, the movement angle of distributor's cam and the motion law of distributor value's spool were determined. The spool travel was selected as 10 mm. The cam's profile curve was got in VB and the pressure angle and radius of curvature were verified. The Pro/E software was used for 3-D model and kinematics simulation of the distributor and cam. The displacement image, speed image and acceleration image of spool within a movement cycle were got. Each fertilization volume of this device was measured through the test. The results showed that the each fertilization volume reached the required value and meet the job requirement. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Fertilizers Controlled terms: Applicators - Cams - Computer simulation - Computer software - Design - Kinematics - Needles - Reels - Three dimensional computer graphics - Visual BASIC Uncontrolled terms: Distributor - Kinematic Analysis - Kinematics equation - Kinematics simulation - Liquid fertilizer applicators - Liquid fertilizers - Radius of curvature - Working principles Classification code: 819.6 Textile Mills, Machinery and Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 931.1 Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 601 Mechanical Design - 408 Structural Design - 601.3 Mechanisms DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.014 Database: Compendex 31. Accession number: 20131716238981 Title: Numerical simulation of biomass gasification in fluidized bed Authors: Guo, Feiqiang1 ; Dong, Yuping1 ; Jing, Yuanzhuo2 ; Dong, Lei2 Author affiliation: 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China 2 Shandong Baichuan Tongchuang Energy Company Ltd., Ji'nan 250101, China Corresponding author: Dong, Y. (dongyp@sdu.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 127-130 183 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: A 2-D model of fluidized bed was developed to study biomass particles gasification. Mass, momentum and energy conservations of gas were considered. Biomass particles pyrolysis was based on a one-stage mechanism, and species transport mechanism was developed for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of gas and solid. The particle motion, gasification and effects of temperature and equivalent ratio on gas composition were investigated, and the results were compared with experimental results. The results showed that the total time of the particles in gasifier was about 2.15 s, and particles fluidization became stable in 0.8 s. The mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 decreased along y axial, while CO and H2 had the opposite trend. Under different temperatures and equivalent ratios, the simulation mole fractions of H2, CO, CH4 and CO2 agreed sufficiently well with the experimental dates. Number of references: 13 Main heading: Gasification Controlled terms: Biomass - Carbon dioxide - Computer simulation - Elementary particles - Fluidization - Fluidized beds - Ternary systems Uncontrolled terms: Biomass Gasification - Biomass Particle - Effects of temperature - Equivalent ratios - Gas compositions - Heterogeneous reactions - Pyrolysis gasifications - Species transport Classification code: 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 531.1 Metallurgy - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.023 Database: Compendex 32. Accession number: 20131716239002 Title: General class II synthesis of disc cam mechanism with floating push rod Authors: Chang, Yong1 ; Lin, Rongfu1 ; Li, Yanping1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China Corresponding author: Li, Y. (ypli@jmu.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 252-261 267 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: By establishing a coordinate system, introducing the concept of rotation floating axis, dividing the first/second half period on the rise, especially introducing offset, under the premise framework of the 1-D synthesis on the scheduled bearing line of linkage, the existing form and solution concept of the whole nested interval, the existing form of roller center and theory base circle radius, and the solution theory of inferior/non-inferior solution nested region and the optimal solution of interval were presented. Accordingly, the solution set of offset mechanism were solved. Under the premise framework of the 2-D synthesis on the non-scheduled bearing line of linkage, the proposed concept and its solution theory of whole mechanism solution, inferior/non-inferior solution nested region and the optimal solution of the whole solution were presented. Based on the research result of the class II synthesis problem of the non-offset mechanism, the 1-D and 2-D class II synthesis of offset mechanism were solved. It enriched the solution space and optimal solution space, and demonstrated the important theoretical value and practical significance of the offset mechanism. Finally, by providing two synthesis examples, it demonstrated that the offset mechanism was greatly superior to the non-offset mechanism. Number of references: 23 Main heading: Optimal systems Controlled terms: Cams Uncontrolled terms: Co-ordinate system - Disc cam mechanism - Floating push rod - Nested intervals - Non-inferior solution nested region - Optimal solutions - Synthesis problems - Theoretical values Classification code: 601.3 Mechanisms - 961 Systems Science DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.044 Database: Compendex 33. Accession number: 20131716238966 Title: Optimization of seedling transplanting path based on genetic algorithm Authors: Tong, Junhua1 ; Jiang, Huanyu1, 2 ; Zhou, Mingchuan1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 2 Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China Corresponding author: Jiang, H. (hyjiang@zju.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 45-49 26 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: Healthy seedlings need to be transplanted into vacancy cells in tray instead of unhealthy ones. It is an important step of seedling tray cultivation in the facility agriculture. The end-effector leaved the origin, and grasped the health seedlings one by one from the transplanting tray to the aim tray. And then it was back to the origin until the all vacancy cells has been filled. This process formed the automatic transplanting path. The seedling transplanting path problem was similar to traveling salesman problem which the whole path length was objective function. A method was developed for optimization of seedling transplanting path based on genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the algorithm was analyzed by experiment. The numerical simulated results showed that compared with the fixed sequential method, the path planned by genetic algorithm was shortened by 3.7 m for transplanting fifty seedlings. The algorithm's average operation time was 0.65 s. The transplanting path was optimized, and operation time meets the transplanting robot's real-time requirement. The work efficiency of transplanting was improved. Number of references: 11 Main heading: Genetic algorithms Controlled terms: Cultivation - Numerical methods - Traveling salesman problem Uncontrolled terms: Facility agricultures - Numerical simulated - Objective functions - Path optimizations - Real time requirement - Seedling - Seedling transplanting - Sequential methods Classification code: 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.008 Database: Compendex 34. Accession number: 20131716238977 Title: Multi-objective optimization of crop irrigation schedule based on years of rainfall data Authors: Wu, Xinmiao1 ; Wang, Jing1 ; Qie, Zhihong1 Author affiliation: 1 Institute of Urban and Rural Construction, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China Corresponding author: Qie, Z. (qiezhihong@163.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 108-112 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: Under the condition of insufficient irrigation schedule, based on the field water balance model and crop yield calculation model, a multi-objective optimization model was put forward to optimize irrigation date and corresponding quantity of irrigation simultaneously. In the model, irrigation date and the quantity of irrigation water were regarded as optimization variables, and the mean maximization of years of relative yield of crops, minimization of total quantity of irrigation water during whole growth stage and minimization of years of relative yield variance were as the optimization objectives. The model and algorithm were verified by irrigation schedule optimization of corn. Compared with typical year method, the results showed that irrigation system based on years of rainfall data had strong adaptability and robustness, and to some extent, could be avoided due to irrigation date arrangement reasonable to cut or no grain yield problem. Number of references: 14 Main heading: Irrigation Controlled terms: Crops - Mathematical models - Multiobjective optimization - Rain - Water supply Uncontrolled terms: Corn - Irrigation schedule - Model and algorithms - Multi objective - Multi-objective optimization models - Optimization variables - Typical year method - Water balance models Classification code: 443.3 Precipitation - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.019 Database: Compendex 35. Accession number: 20131716238968 Title: Deposition part analysis and microscopic test of spray droplets on rice leaves Authors: Song, Jianli1 ; Wang, Bo1 ; Zeng, Aijun1 ; Liu, Yajia1 ; Zhang, Jing1 ; Dai, Meiling1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Corresponding author: Zeng, A. (aijunz@cau.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 54-58 76 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: It is difficult for the chemical spray droplets to deposit on rice leaves. Thus, deposition area of chemical droplets on rice leaves was researched. Firstly, by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method, the microstructure of both sides of two varieties rice leaf was observed in different growing stage (tillering stage and booting stage). And the mastoid diameter was 1.5-4.2 μm, while the length of hook hair was 70.4-154.5 μm. There was large difference in microstructure and more mastoid was in per unit area. Then, based on the rice leaf wetness theory, the calculation methods for fall-off critical droplet diameter were deduced. According to fall-off diameter size pesticide droplets on rice leaves in different surface microstructure, it deduced that the main deposited parts was the glochuid of silification-cork belt. Finally, rice leaf sprayed with talcum powder suspending liquid and SEM method was used to verify the pesticides deposition part. Number of references: 18 Main heading: Drops Controlled terms: Deposits - Microstructure - Pesticides - Scanning electron microscopy Uncontrolled terms: Critical droplets - Deposition areas - Droplets sizes - Growing stages - Pesticide droplets - Rice leaves - Spray droplet - Surface microstructures Classification code: 933 Solid State Physics - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 741.1 Light/Optics - 951 Materials Science - 617 Turbines and Steam Turbines - 532 Metallurgical Furnaces - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 612 Engines DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.010 Database: Compendex 36. Accession number: 20131716238987 Title: Parameter selection of mould inactivation by microwave processing based on quality evaluation of maize Authors: Jin, Zhiqiang1, 2 ; Wang, Shunxi1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China 2 Department of Biological Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China Corresponding author: Wang, S. (wsx68@cau.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 163-170 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: To reduce thermal damage to maize quality caused by microwave sterilization, firstly 13 parameters of seed quality and processing quality of maize were determined, secondly the data matrix was converted by the method of subordinate function, and then the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of maize was performed by factor analysis. On this basis, the optimal parameters of mould inactivation by microwave processing were selected. The results indicated that, the method of subordinate function could integrate the positive and negative characteristics in the synthetical evaluation, so the matrix converted with this method was suitable for factor analysis. Four factors affecting quality evaluation of maize were extracted and their cumulative variance was 94.45%, which were physiological and biochemical characteristics factor, viscosity property factor, content and composition of starch factor and pasting property factor in sequence. The synthetical quality evaluation of maize suggested that, maize quality changes resulted from the interaction of the initial moisture content of maize, microwave processing temperature and processing time. Therefore, microwave processing parameters, namely, 70°C (14 min), 50°C (22 min) and 60°C (18 min) should be respectively adopted when the initial moisture content of maize were 13.8%, 18.4% and 22.6%. Number of references: 21 Main heading: Quality control Controlled terms: Factor analysis - Function evaluation - Microwaves - Molds - Multivariant analysis - Parameter estimation - Physiological models - Processing - Sterilization (cleaning) Uncontrolled terms: Comprehensive evaluation - Initial Moisture Content - Maize - Microwave processing - Microwave sterilization - Physiological and biochemical characteristics - Quality evaluation - Viscosity properties Classification code: 922 Statistical Methods - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 913.4 Manufacturing - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 731.1 Control Systems - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 816.2 Plants and Machinery for Plastics and Other Polymers DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.029 Database: Compendex 37. Accession number: 20131716238962 Title: Bench detection and road comparison test for auto anti-lock braking system Authors: Hao, Ruru1 ; Zhao, Xiangmo1 ; Zhou, Zhou1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China Corresponding author: Zhao, X. (xmzhao@chd.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 21-26 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: In order to detect the integrative performance of auto ABS conveniently, an auto ABS indoor bench detection method was proposed. The bench detection system mainly consisted of road adhesion coefficient simulation unit, auto motion inertia simulation unit, measurement and control system, and data acquisition system. The same auto ABS bench and road comparison experiment in the same condition indicated that the ABS bench detection system could simulate the auto driving condition on the road more realistically. The key technical parameters of bench experiment were close to those of road experiment, and the errors were less than 5%. This proved the validity of the ABS bench detection method. Number of references: 11 Main heading: Roads and streets Controlled terms: Anti-lock braking systems - Experiments Uncontrolled terms: Adhesion coefficient - Auto - Data acquisition system - Detection methods - Detection system - Driving conditions - Measurement and control systems - Simulation units Classification code: 406.2 Roads and Streets - 602 Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 901.3 Engineering Research DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.004 Database: Compendex 38. Accession number: 20131716238994 Title: Experiments on performance of portable plant growth monitoring diagnostic instrument Authors: Yang, Jianning1 ; Zhang, Jingchao1 ; Zhu, Yan2 ; Yao, Xia2 ; Cao, Weixing2 ; Ni, Jun2 Author affiliation: 1 School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 2 National Engineering and Technology Center for Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China Corresponding author: Yang, J. (yyynnnsn@sina.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 208-212 201 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: Experiments were carried out on the performance of the crop growth monitoring diagnostic instrument. The results showed that multi-spectral sensor had high linearity and precision, and linear correlation coefficient was over 0.95. Sensor with characteristics of good repeatability and stability, the hysteresis error of whose detection lens on 720 nm was 3.35%, and on 810 nm was 2.22%. And also the dynamic stability of the instrument was well. In the test environment, with the smaller measurement error caused by the solar light irradiation changes, the average error of 720 nm detection lens was 1.43% and of 810 nm detection lens was 1.38%. The instrument has excellent performance on monitoring leaf nitrogen content, leaf nitrogen accumulation, leaf area index and leaf dry weight, the linear regression correlation coefficient of which were 0.8795, 0.8830, 0.8596 and 0.8393 respectively and average measurement error of which were 6.14%, 8.29%, 6.24%, 6.19% respectively. Number of references: 12 Main heading: Instruments Controlled terms: Crops - Experiments - Nitrogen - Sensors Uncontrolled terms: Correlation coefficient - Hysteresis errors - Leaf nitrogen content - Linear correlation coefficient - Multispectral sensors - Performance analysis - Solar light irradiation - Test Environment Classification code: 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 901.3 Engineering Research - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 801 Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.036 Database: Compendex 39. Accession number: 20131716238984 Title: Nondestructive real-time detection system for assessing main quality parameters of fresh pork Authors: Zhang, Haiyun1, 2 ; Peng, Yankun1 ; Wang, Wei1 ; Zhao, Songwei1 ; Dhakal, Sagar1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China 2 College of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China Corresponding author: Peng, Y. (ypeng@cau.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 146-151 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: Quality parameters of fresh meat play an important role in influencing on consumers' purchasing power and producers' economic benefit. Non-destructive, real-time detection system device for assessing fresh pork quality based on VIS/NIR spectroscopy was developed. Working principal and process of the system, hardware composition, and software system were introduced. Hardware system included spectral data collection device, conveyor belt, position detection sensor, control system and computer. Non-destructive, on-line detection software system with compatibility of PC hardware and Windows XP software environment was developed based on Delphi and Matlab language, with the function of spectrum acquired and processed online. The system could collect spectral data automatically, process spectral data, predict the sample quality and display the detection results on real time basis. Finally, the system was used to detect water content of fresh pork in real time basis. The detection results from the experiment yielded satisfactory results. The experimental result shows that this system can be used for non-invasive detection of meat quality in real time basis with high accuracy and reliability as well as repeatability. Number of references: 19 Main heading: Computer hardware Controlled terms: Belt conveyors - Computer software - Hardware - MATLAB - Meats - Signal detection Uncontrolled terms: Fresh meat - Non destructive - Non-invasive detection - Quality detection - Quality parameters - Real-time detection - Software environments - Vis/NIR spectroscopy Classification code: 921 Mathematics - 822.3 Food Products - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 692.1 Conveyors - 605 Small Tools and Hardware DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.026 Database: Compendex 40. Accession number: 20131716238993 Title: Hyperspectral estimation model of total phosphorus content for citrus leaves Authors: Huang, Shuangping1 ; Hong, Tiansheng1, 2 ; Yue, Xuejun1, 3 ; Wu, Weibin1, 2 ; Cai, Kun1, 2 ; Li, Yunyu1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China 2 Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China 3 Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD4350, Australia Corresponding author: Yue, X. (yuexuejun@scau.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 202-207 195 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: Field experiments were conducted on 117 planted Luogang citrus trees in the crab village of Guangzhou. 234 pairs of data sample were collected in two different development stages, respectively, germination period and fruit picking period. Hyperspectral reflection data was used as high-dimensional vector description. Phosphorus content measured by chemical method as true label and to predict the phosphorus content of citrus leaves. Two mainstream multivariate regression analysis algorithms, partial least squares and support vector regression, were used for modeling and prediction after various preprocessing on spectral reflectance data. Calibration and validation sets were used to evaluate the predictive performance of model. Two regression analysis methods respectively achieved coefficient of determination of 0.905 and 0.881, the MSE of 0.005 and 0.004, the mean relative error of 0.0264 and 0.0312, respectively. The experimental results showed that it is an effective way to predict phosphorus level based on hyperspectral reflection data. Number of references: 31 Main heading: Phosphorus Controlled terms: Regression analysis - Statistics Uncontrolled terms: Calibration and validations - Citrus leaves - Coefficient of determination - HyperSpectral - Multivariate regression analysis - Partial least square (PLS) - Regression analysis methods - Support vector regression (SVR) Classification code: 804 Chemical Products Generally - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.035 Database: Compendex 41. Accession number: 20131716238992 Title: Workspace and structural parameters analysis for manipulator of serial robot Authors: Tian, Haibo1 ; Ma, Hongwei1 ; Wei, Juan1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China Corresponding author: Tian, H. (ttttian_74@163.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 196-201 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: The volume of workspace showed the flexibility of a serial robot. The workspace of the manipulator of a serial robot was researched. Firstly, the main structure of the manipulator was given and its kinematical model was proposed. Then, its kinematics analysis was taken. The manipulator's workspace was analyzed by Monte Carlo method and the cloud picture was completed. The adaptive-divided mesh method was brought. The volume of workspace was calculated. At last, the effect of the manipulator's structural parameters on the workspace volume was analyzed, which provided theoretical basis for the manipulator's structural parameter optimization. Number of references: 11 Main heading: Manipulators Controlled terms: Monte Carlo methods - Robots - Structural optimization Uncontrolled terms: Adaptive-divided meshes - Kinematical models - Kinematics analysis - Main structure - Serial robots - Structural parameter - Workspace Classification code: 731.5 Robotics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.034 Database: Compendex 42. Accession number: 20131716238967 Title: Dynamic characteristic analysis and vibration reduction design for sprayer frame Authors: Chen, Shuren1 ; Han, Hongyang1 ; Chen, Gang1 ; Shao, Jingshi2 ; Yao, Yong2 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 2 Jiangsu Yuantong Sporting Vehicles Co. Ltd., Zhenjiang 212325, China Corresponding author: Chen, S. (srchen@ujs.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 50-53 20 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: A 3-D model of a sprayer was built with Pro/E, and its finite element model was developed by using Hypermesh. It was imported to ANSYS for free modal analysis. With analysis of vibration characteristic and accuracy of the finite element model, the modal experiment was carried out. Combined with the modal analysis results, the influence of external excitation on the frame was analyzed. It was found that engine's first-order and second-order reciprocating inertial force frequency can cause frame resonance. Harmonic response analysis was carried out to obtain the vibration result of the frame. The method of avoiding resonance between frame and engine was proposed. The frame's displacement response was compared before and after vibration reduction. The results showed that dynamic performance and ride equality of the frame was effectively improved. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Engines Controlled terms: Finite element method - Modal analysis Uncontrolled terms: Displacement response - Dynamic characteristic analysis - Dynamic characteristics - Finite element models - Harmonic response analysis - Sprayer - Vibration characteristics - Vibration reductions Classification code: 612 Engines - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.009 Database: Compendex 43. Accession number: 20131716238997 Title: Anthurium image mosaicing algorithm in greenhouse environment Authors: Zhang, Kai1 ; Geng, Changxing1 ; Zhang, Erpeng1 ; Qu, Feng1 ; Zhang, Junxiong1 ; Li, Wei1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author: Li, W. (liww@cau.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 223-227 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: An image stitching method in the complex environment of non-structural context was studied. The anthurium image mosaicing under greenhouse environment was achieved. A random ridge by natural light environment in greenhouse was researched. An anthurium image stitching method based on SIFT only was improved by using a method that extracting anthurium by a 2G-R-B method firstly, and registering image by SIFT method secondly. The proposed method can greatly reduce the computation and processing time under high-noise environment. And a quickly and efficiently anthurium extraction method under high-noise environment was achieved. Experiments were carried on intelligence target spaying system. The results showed the mosaic time-consuming was 0.083 s and false positive rate was 7.3%. Number of references: 10 Main heading: Image processing Controlled terms: Algorithms - Greenhouses - Image matching Uncontrolled terms: Anthurium image - Complex environments - False positive rates - Feature matching - Greenhouse environment - Image stitching methods - Mosaicing - SIFT algorithms Classification code: 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 921 Mathematics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.039 Database: Compendex 44. Accession number: 20131716239006 Title: On-line scheduling method for simultaneous scheduling of machines and automated guided vehicles in flexible job shop Authors: Xiao, Haining1 ; Lou, Peihuang1 ; Yan, Weiguo1 ; Qian, Xiaoming1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China Corresponding author: Xiao, H. (xiao226563@163.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 280-286 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: An on-line scheduling algorithm was proposed for simultaneous scheduling of machines and automated guided vehicles in flexible job shop. The problem was decomposed into two sub-problems: machine selection problem and vehicle dispatching problem. The machine selection problem was solved by enumerative method for small size and niche genetic algorithm otherwise. Local search was executed to improve the convergence speed of genetic algorithm. To keep a high degree of population diversity, Hamming distance based niche competition operation was adopted. For vehicle dispatching problem, a heuristic dispatching algorithm was proposed. To ensure the job shop to be deadlock-free, a remaining capacity based deadlock avoidance rule was employed. The simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm was feasible. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Scheduling Controlled terms: Automatic guided vehicles - Genetic algorithms - Hamming distance - Mobile robots Uncontrolled terms: Automated guided vehicles - Dispatching algorithm - Enumerative method - Flexible job shops - Niche genetic algorithm - Population diversity - Simultaneous scheduling - Vehicle dispatching problem Classification code: 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.6 Robot Applications - 912.2 Management - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.048 Database: Compendex 45. Accession number: 20131716238969 Title: Test system of vertical spray distribution on orchard sprayer Authors: Dong, Xiang1 ; Yang, Xuejun1 ; Yan, Herong1 Author affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant-Machine System Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author: Yang, X. (caams@263.net) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 59-63 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: According to the national standard of testing method for air-blast sprayer, a system of vertical spray distribution orchard sprayer in the laboratory was designed. A V-shape liquid accumulating groove in fog droplet acquisition device was designed for fast and effective intercepting droplets. The system can automatically accomplish data collection and processing, achieve the automation of testing course, and accurately obtain vertical spray distribution. The experimental results showed that the spraying flow increased with increase of spraying pressure, but had no significant influence on the sprayer distribution uniformity. Increasing the power output speed which could increase air-assisted speed, can improve the uniformity of vertical spray distribution. The vertical spray distribution could be acquired by the experimental equipment. Number of references: 13 Main heading: Orchards Controlled terms: Drops - Testing Uncontrolled terms: Acquisition device - Auto control - Distribution uniformity - Experimental equipments - Orchard sprayers - Spray distribution - Spraying pressure - Test systems Classification code: 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 821.3 Agricultural Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.011 Database: Compendex 46. Accession number: 20131716238975 Title: Test-bed of threshing and separating unit with multi cylinder Authors: Li, Yaoming1 ; Xu, Taibai1 ; Xu, Lizhang1 ; Zhao, Zhan1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China Corresponding author: Li, Y. (ymli@ujs.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 95-98 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: In order to analyze the performance of threshing and separating unit with multi cylinder, the paper introduced the design on the test-bed of threshing and separating unit with multi cylinder, which based on the modularization design and combined into a variety of forms of threshing and separating unit. At the same time, with industrial computer and acquisition cards as control center, a measurement and control software were programmed to collect, display and analyze data of motional parameters such as rotational speed, torque and power consumption, et al. Transverse-axial threshing and separating unit with three cylinder were tested in the threshing and separating unit with multi cylinder. The whole process of threshing and separating unit with multi cylinder was simulated and reproduced. Number of references: 11 Main heading: Cylinders (shapes) Controlled terms: Agriculture - Combines - Modular construction Uncontrolled terms: Acquisition cards - Control center - Industrial computers - Measurement and control - Modularization design - Rotational speed - Threshing and separating - Threshing and separating unit Classification code: 405.2 Construction Methods - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.017 Database: Compendex 47. Accession number: 20131716239007 Title: Transient temperature field of magneto-rheological fluid in transmission device Authors: Wang, Daoming1 ; Meng, Qingrui1 ; Hou, Youfu1 ; Tian, Zuzhi1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China Corresponding author: Hou, Y. (hyfcumt@sohu.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 287-292 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: A transient heat conduction equation under slip condition was established based on Bingham model and heat transfer theory firstly. Then, numerical simulation and experimental study were conducted to analyze the temperature distribution in both axial and radial directions as well as the effects of slip power and gap size on the temperature field. The results showed that there existed a temperature difference among the radial gaps, and the temperature gradually decreased from the inner gap to the outer gap. Moreover, the temperature difference between the radial gaps increased with the slip time. Surface temperature distribution of magneto-rheological fluid remained basically the same at various times. The maximum temperature appeared in the central of the working gap. The temperature of magneto-rheological fluid increased linearly with the slip time. Meanwhile, the temperature rise rate accelerated with the increment of the slip power, while it declined with the increase of the gap size. Number of references: 12 Main heading: Magnetorheological fluids Controlled terms: Atmospheric temperature - Temperature distribution Uncontrolled terms: Magneto-rheological fluid - Slip condition - Surface temperature distribution - Temperature differences - Temperature rise rate - Transient heat conduction - Transient temperature fields - Transmission devices Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 708.4 Magnetic Materials DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.049 Database: Compendex 48. Accession number: 20131716238991 Title: Virtual wireless communication realization in agricultural tractor navigation system Authors: Zhang, Xiaolong1 ; Sheng, Dandan1 ; Xia, Ping1 ; Cao, Chengmao1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China Corresponding author: Cao, C. (caochengmao@sina.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 190-195 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: The tractor navigation system based on difference GPS and PDA was designed, and both integrated wireless bluetooth and TCP/IP were employed for transmitting data between GPS receiver and PDA. Windows mobile operating system was installed in PDA, on which the test program was designed resort to LabVIEW and its mobile module. The test program was constructed and managed by using state machine and queue methods, where the path, velocity, heading angle and positioning accuracy were displayed in real time while testing. In the end of sampling, data playback and packet dropout checking were conducted. A roadway test system was developed. The high bluetooth bus load experiments under the tractor's electromagnetic circumstance were conducted, which showed that the wireless communication of bluetooth worked properly, and there were no clogging and packet loss during transmitting data while increasing GPS output statement speed to more than 1Mb/s. Finally, the systematic tractor ground experiments also indicated the data wireless transfer stability and reliability. Number of references: 10 Main heading: Tractors (agricultural) Controlled terms: Bluetooth - Experiments - Global positioning system - Internet protocols - Navigation - Navigation systems - Tractors (truck) - Windows operating system - Wireless telecommunication systems Uncontrolled terms: Ground experiments - PDA - Positioning accuracy - Stability and reliabilities - TCP/IP - Tractor navigation systems - Transmitting data - Wireless communications Classification code: 901.3 Engineering Research - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 717 Optical Communication - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 434.4 Waterway Navigation DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.033 Database: Compendex 49. Accession number: 20131716238990 Title: Object-oriented change detection method using very high spatial resolution imagery Authors: Zhu, Jinxia1 ; Wang, Ke2 Author affiliation: 1 Institute of Economic and Social Development, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China 2 Institute of Remote Sensing and Information System Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China Corresponding author: Zhu, J. (jxzhu1221@gmail.com) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 184-189 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: Remote sensed imagery with very high resolution (VHR) contains substantial spatial information. Multi-scale segmentation algorithm was usded to construct the hierarchical system of objects. The relationships between all features, such as spectral, texture, topography and shape, were analyzed based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA). A difference image was developed by using multivariate alteration detection technology (MAD). The propsed object-oriented double-windows flexible pace searching (OB-DFPS) method achieved accuracy of 93.2%, with Kappa coefficiant of 0.862. After compared with traditional pixel-based method, the proposed OB-DFPS method was more robust. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Image segmentation Controlled terms: Hierarchical systems Uncontrolled terms: Alteration detections - Canonical correlation analysis - Multiscale segmentation - Object oriented - Remote sensed imagery - Spatial informations - Very high resolution - Very high spatial resolutions Classification code: 741.1 Light/Optics - 961 Systems Science DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.032 Database: Compendex 50. Accession number: 20131716238974 Title: Tail-breaking mechanism of whole stalk sugarcane combine harvester Authors: Luo, Juchuan1 ; Ou, Yinggang1 ; Liu, Qingting1 ; Mou, Xiangwei2 ; Lin, Yijie1 ; Peng, Guanxiong1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China 2 College of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China Corresponding author: Ou, Y. (ouying@scau.edu.cn) Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 44 Issue: 4 Issue date: April 2013 Publication year: 2013 Pages: 89-94 107 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, No. 1 Beishatan Deshengmen Wai, Beijing, 100083, China Abstract: The mechanical strength of rear end of sugarcane stalk is significant lower than the middle and basal part. A tail-breaking mechanism was designed. When the sugarcane stalk passing through this kind of mechanism, the tails and 5-6 pieces of young leaves could be broken. Its working principle was analyzed, and the orthogonal experiments were conducted to study the influence between the following four factors: rotate speed of feeding and output rollers, rotate speed of tail-breaking rollers, the center distance between the top and bottom tail-breaking rollers, and the relative installation position angle of the top and bottom tail-breaking roller's elastic components. The result shows that the optimal parameters were as following: rotate speed of feeding and output rollers of 250 r/min, rotate speed of tail-breaking rollers of 550 r/min, the center distance between the top and bottom tail-breaking rollers of 300 mm, and the relative installation position angle of the top and bottom tail-breaking roller's elastic components of -20°. The best tail-broken rate in 4-6 sections below the growth point of cane stalk reached to 63.3%. The average length of these tails was 212 mm and standard deviation was 57 mm which meet the agronomic requirements. Number of references: 17 Main heading: Rollers (machine components) Controlled terms: Harvesters - Sugar cane Uncontrolled terms: Combine harvesters - Elastic components - Installation position - Orthogonal experiment - Roller - Standard deviation - Tail-broken rate - Working principles Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.016 Database: Compendex ? 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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