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2015年第46卷第5期共收录52篇 1. Accession number:20152400941451 Title:Locust remote sensing monitoring methods based on landsat8 satellite data Authors:Huang, Jianxi1 Author Email; Zhuo, Wen1; Yang, Chunxi2; Li, Lin1; Zhang, Chao1; Liu, Jia3 Author affiliation: 1 College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 2 Plant Protection and Inspection Station of Chifeng City, Chifeng, China 3 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 258-264 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Regional locust does great harm to agricultural production. Real-time monitoring of the development of locust is of great significance for the locust control. We took three counties in northern Chifeng City of Inner Mongolia as the study area. Firstly, we classified locust host plants by using the sophisticated remote sensing classification algorithm on the Landsat8 OLI data, overlapped with prior locust distribution regions, and distinguished the locust suitable bases regions. Then, we retrieved some important locust habitat parameters, such as leaf area index, land surface temperature and soil moisture by using Landsat8 satellite data. Meanwhile, the synchronous investigation data, land cover data, historical locust hazard data were combined for analysis and modeling. Finally, we used stepwise regression analysis to obtain the relationship between locust density and leaf area index, land surface temperature and soil moisture. The model results showed a high accuracy with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.50 and RMSE of 3.17. It is indicated that the Landsat8 satellite data has a certain potential in locust remote sensing monitoring, and the research provides an important reference for similar studies. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 13 Main heading: Remote sensing Controlled terms: Agriculture - Atmospheric temperature - Ecosystems - Moisture - Regression analysis - Satellites - Soil moisture - Surface measurement - Surface properties Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural productions - Analysis and modeling - Habitat parameters - Land surface temperature - Landsat8 - Remote sensing classification - Remote sensing monitoring - Stepwise regression analysis Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 655.2 Satellites - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 951 Materials Science DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.037 Database: Compendex 2. Accession number: 20152400941429 Title:Effects of residual plastic film on soil hydrodynamic parameters and soil structure Authors:Wang, Zhichao1 Author Email; Li, Xianyue1 Author Email; Shi, Haibin1; Sun, Min2; Ding, Tao2; Wang, Chenggang1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China 2 Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design, Bayannur City, Bayannur, China Corresponding author: Li, Xianyue Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 101-106 and 140 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The residual of plastic film in soil continuously increased with the large application of agricultural plastic film during the last few decades. It destroyed the soil structure and seriously influenced the migration of soil water movement and solute. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil water characteristic curve are very important parameters for evaluating infiltration properties and simulating soil water and solute. Five residual film treatments (0, 5, 100, 200, 400 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) were conducted to study the effects of different amounts of residual film on soil water infiltration and soil water retention ability and also to analyze the influences of residual film on soil structure based on CT images. The results showed that saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly exponentially decreased with increase of residual film (p<0.05). When residual film reached 200 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, the saturated hydraulic conductivity reduced to 12% of non-residual film treatment. However, the soil was easily dehydrated and water retention ability was lowered with increase of residual film under high suction condition (>100 kPa). There were good relationships between suction and soil water based on either van Genuchten model or Gardner model, and the parameters showed regular variation with the increase of residual film. The threshold CT images showed that black spot area clearly increased with the increase of residual film, and there was proportional relation between black spot area and residual film amount. The black spot areas were 19 times than non-residual film treatment, and the residual film significantly increased in soil. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 22 Main heading: Infiltration Controlled terms: Computerized tomography - Hydraulic conductivity - Plastic films - Soil moisture - Soils Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural plastic films - Hydrodynamic parameters - Proportional relation - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Soil structure - Soil water retention - Soil-water characteristic curve - Water retention ability Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 632.1 Hydraulics - 801 Chemistry - 817.1 Polymer Products DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.015 Database: Compendex 3. Accession number: 20152400941464 Title:Posture error analysis and precision compensation of 6-DOF micro transmission platform Authors:Lin, Chao1 Author Email; Cai, Lizhong1; Shao, Jiming2; Ji, Jiuxiang1 Author affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China 2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Mechanism, Shanghai, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 357-364 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to improve the positioning accuracy of micro transmission platform, the geometric errors were mainly analyzed. The mapping relationship between output pose errors of micro transmission platform and geometric errors of structural parameters was built through the method of differential relationship. And then the influence of structural parameters on the micro transmission platform positioning accuracy was analyzed by introducing the error weight coefficient, and the precision compensation model of micro transmission platform was established. Then a simulation calculation through Matlab software and an experiment test on the experimental platform were carried out. The results of simulation and experimental test showed that the error analysis model based on the weight coefficient method is reasonable, and what's more, through the established precision compensation model, the micro transmission platform's positioning error descended to 10%~15% after compensating, which was 20%~30% before compensating, and that made the micro transmission platform achieve a higher positioning accuracy. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 17 Main heading: Error compensation Controlled terms: Computer software - Error analysis - Errors - Geometry - MATLAB - Software testing Uncontrolled terms: Experimental platform - Geometric errors - Mapping relationships - Micro transmission platform - Positioning accuracy - Simulation calculation - Weight coefficient methods - Weight coefficients Classification code: 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.050 Database: Compendex 4. Accession number:20152400941448 Title:Semi-supervised classification algorithm for hyperspectral remote sensing image based on DE-self-training Authors:Wang, Junshu1 Author Email; Jiang, Nan1, 2 Author Email; Zhang, Guoming3; Hu, Bin1, 2; Li, Yang1, 2; Lü, Heng1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory for Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 2 Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China 3 Center of Health Statistics and Information of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China Corresponding author: Jiang, Nan Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 239-244 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: A semi-supervised classification algorithm named DE-self-training for hyperspectral remote sensing images was proposed. Firstly, taking a few labeled samples as initial training set, the initial classification model was constructed by using improved Self-training algorithm to classify unlabeled samples. Then, partial samples and corresponding labels were selected randomly as a proportion from classification results into training set, and the augmented training set was used to retrain the model to classify the unlabeled samples. Then, the algorithm continued the process of training-classifying-picking out samples to augment training set iteratively. During this process, in order to ensure the training set's quality and the correct labeling of new increased samples, the algorithm edited and purified mislabeled samples by using data editing strategy based on the nearest neighbor rule. Finally, the proposed algorithm trained classification model iteratively to get a more accurate result until the unlabeled samples set was empty. In the experiments, AVIRIS Indian Pines and Hyperion EO-1 Botswana data were used to test the algorithm. According to the comparison with SVM classification results, the DE-self-training algorithm can get higher accuracy and Kappa coefficients by utilizing unlabeled samples information under limited labeled samples. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 18 Main heading: Algorithms Controlled terms: Classification (of information) - Image reconstruction - Iterative methods - Remote sensing - Supervised learning Uncontrolled terms: Classification models - Classification results - Data editing - Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image - Nearest neighbor rule - Semi-supervised classification - SVM classification - Unlabeled samples Classification code: 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.5 Robotics - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.034 Database: Compendex 5. Accession number: 20152400941463 Title:Dynamic behaviors of PEMFC based on adaptive prediction control Authors:Lü, Xueqin1 Author Email; Duan, Liwei1; Jiang, Yingjie1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Automation Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 350-356 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: PEMFC is a complex system which is often affected by many parameters. Its time-varying performance, nonlinear performance and uncertainty lead to its dynamic output unable to be controlled. Taking that into account, the controller based on adaptive prediction control was designed to control the dynamic output of PEMFC. The neural network model of PEMFC system was used as a predictive model of the controller, which could make full use of the nonlinear fitting ability of neural networks. Through optimizing the neural network connection weights and threshold in real time, receding horizon optimization could be realized, which could guarantee the real-time control and the effective electrochemical reaction. During the control process, the control precision and response speed of the system could be improved by the introduction of the negative feedback control to the front of adaptive model and predictive control. The simulation results show that the adaptive prediction controller owns adaptive ability, stronger robustness, stronger learning ability and higher control precision, and it has perfect control effect on the dynamic stability of proton exchange membrane fuel cell output characteristics. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 14 Main heading: Adaptive control systems Controlled terms: Complex networks - Controllers - Feedback - Forecasting - Fuel cells - Model predictive control - Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) - Real time control - Time varying control systems Uncontrolled terms: Adaptive predictions - Electrochemical reactions - Neural network model - Output characteristics - Predictive control - Predictive modeling - Receding horizon optimization - Time varying Classification code: 702.2 Fuel Cells - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 732 Control Devices - 732.1 Control Equipment - 921 Mathematics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.049 Database: Compendex 6. Accession number:20152400941249 Title:Stiffness characteristics of planar elastic underactuated parallel mechanism Authors:Geng, Mingchao1, 2 Author Email; Zhao, Tieshi1, 2 Author Email; Yang, Jiantao1, 2; Bian, Hui1, 2; Zhao, Yanzhi1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China 2 Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging and Stamping Technology and Science, Ministry of Education, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China Corresponding author: Zhao, Tieshi Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 365-371 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: According to the demand of multi-dimensional motion simulation, a class of planar underactuated simulator with cylindrical helical springs was put forward. The workspace of the proposed simulator was restricted by the axial and lateral stiffness of cylindrical helical spring, and 3-DOF of the proposed simulator was driven by only two drive limbs and dynamic coupling effects. The cylindrical helical springs could be seen as an elastic limb R<inf>e</inf>P<inf>e</inf>R<inf>e</inf>, so the simulator can be transformed to an elastic underactuated mechanism, 2RPR/2R<inf>e</inf>P<inf>e</inf>R<inf>e</inf>. The input selection of equivalent mechanism was analyzed by using Grassmann geometry. Based on screws, the kinematics of equivalent mechanism was given. The kinematics can be represented to any frame easily by using the shifting property of the screws. Referring to the influence coefficient and virtual work principles, the statics analysis was performed, and the statics constraint equation was gotten. Finally, the continuous nonlinear compliance model of the mechanism was established, and based on this, the direction stiffness was given. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Compliant mechanisms Controlled terms: Fasteners - Helical springs - Kinematics - Mechanisms - Screws - Simulators - Stiffness Uncontrolled terms: Cylindrical helical springs - Influence coefficient - Parallel mechanisms - Stiffness characteristics - Stiffness model - Under-actuated mechanism - Underactuated - Virtual work principle Classification code: 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 601.2 Machine Components - 601.3 Mechanisms - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 621 Nuclear Reactors - 671 Naval Architecture - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.051 Database: Compendex 7. Accession number:20152400941428 Title:Quantitative evaluation of preferential flow development degree based on dyed image variability analysis Authors:Chen, Xiaobing1, 2 Author Email; Zhang, Hongjiang1, 2 Author Email; Cheng, Jinhua1, 2; Zhang, Fuming3; Zhang, Xin1, 2; Ruan, Xinzhu1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China 2 Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China 3 Chongqing Forest Resource Management Bureau of Simian Mountain, Chongqing, China Corresponding author: Zhang, Hongjiang Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 93-100 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: With the purpose of evaluating the development degree of preferential flow under dry and wet farmland in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the statistical sample variability analysis method and morphological image processing technology were used to analyze variability of the preferential flow areas in the field scale soil profile dyed images. The results showed that soil wetting front infiltration rate and soil dyeing image parameters, including wetting front infiltration rate, dye coverage, uniform infiltration depth, preferential flow fraction and length index, changed in the characterization development degree of preferential flow wet farmlands were higher than those of dry farmlands. The preferential flow evaluation method was proposed according to the comparison with soil dyeing image parameters. The same result showed the accuracy of preferential flow area dyed image variability analysis method to analyze the development degree of preferential flow. The new method is simpler than the others, and can improve the accuracy of the visual evaluation dyed images. It is also better to combine statistics and morphology to quantitatively analyze the development degree of soil preferential flow. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 25 Main heading: Image analysis Controlled terms: Dyeing - Farms - Groundwater flow - Image processing - Infiltration - Parameter estimation - Soils - Wetting Uncontrolled terms: Dyed image variability - Farmland soils - Morphological image processing - Preferential flows - Quantitative evaluation - Statistical samples - Three gorges reservoir area - Variability analysis Classification code: 444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 731.1 Control Systems - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.014 Database: Compendex 8. Accession number:20152400941454 Title:Recognition method of lactating sows' posture based on sensor MPU6050 Authors:Yan, Li1, 2 Author Email; Shen, Mingxia1 Author Email; Yao, Wen3; Lu, Mingzhou1; Liu, Longshen1; Xiao, Anlei4 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China 2 College of Information Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China 3 College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China 4 Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China Corresponding author: Shen, Mingxia Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 279-285 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Sows are lateral lying when they are willing to lactate, while they will turn into sternal lying or tilt lying as refusing to lactate. So the lateral lying time can be used as an important parameter to evaluate the maternal behavior of sows. Firstly, a set of monitoring nodes with sensor MPU6050 and bluetooth module was designed to monitor the behavior data at their lactation periods (28 d). Then, the attitude angle in feeding time was counted, and the deflection angles of nodes were computed to achieve collision correction. Thirdly, combined with numerical features of each posture, the baseline of acceleration curve was extracted by using Haar wavelet method. Finally, the postures were divided into stand, side and tilt with the algorithm of SVM, and 10 'Xiaomeishan' sows were chosen. The results showed that the deflection was reduced by the correction algorithm of node, meanwhile, the data sets were normalized and the interference of energy movement was removed by wavelet transform algorithm. The test results of 392 samples indicated that the recognition rates of lateral lying on the left and on the right were 65.8% and 90.1%, respectively, while the accuracy of lateral posture and sternal lying were 75.4% and 83.3%, respectively. Above all, the analysis of posture can effectively reflect the lactating willing of sows. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Wavelet transforms Controlled terms: Algorithms - Interference suppression - Numerical methods Uncontrolled terms: Acceleration curve - Attitude angle - Correction algorithms - Lactating posture - Numerical features - Recognition methods - Sow - Wavelet transform algorithms Classification code: 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921 Mathematics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.040 Database: Compendex 9. Accession number:20152400941449 Title:Monitoring wheat leaf area index using MK-SVR algorithmic model and remote sensing data Authors:Wang, Liai1 Author Email; Tan, Changwei1; Yang, Xin1; Zhou, Xudong2; Zhu, Xinkai1; Guo, Wenshan1 Author Email Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China 2 Information Engineering College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China Corresponding author: Guo, Wenshan Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 245-251 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The multi-kernel support vector regression (MK-SVR) was used to construct remote sensing monitoring algorithmic models for estimating leaf area index (LAI) in wheat. The experiment was carried out during 2010-2013 in Jiangsu Province, China. Based on LAI in wheat and synchronous China's domestic HJ-CCD multi-spectral data at jointing stage, booting stage and anthesis stage respectively, the relationships between LAI and eight vegetation indices were analyzed at corresponding period. Taking these vegetation indices which were significantly related to LNC at 0.01 level as input parameters, the remotely estimating model was established based on MK-SVR to invert LAI, named the MK-SVR-LAI model. Meanwhile, in order to evaluate the MK-SVR-LAI model, single kernel support vector regression (SK-SVR)and partial least squares (PLS) were employed to establish models at each period, named the SK-SVR-LAI and PLS-LAI models. Comparing predicted LAI by model with actual measured LAI, the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to evaluate models. The results showed that the lowest RMSE and the highest R<sup>2</sup> were obtained by using MK-SVR-LAI model at each stage, of which the RMSE and the R<sup>2</sup> were 0.293 1 and 0.762 4 at jointing stage, 0.466 8 and 0.801 8 at booting stage, 0.548 6 and 0.668 9 at anthesis stage, respectively. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 33 Main heading: Remote sensing Controlled terms: Algorithms - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Regression analysis - Vegetation Uncontrolled terms: Coefficient of determination - Leaf Area Index - Monitoring models - Partial least square (PLS) - Remote sensing monitoring - Root mean square errors - Support vector regression (SVR) - Wheat Classification code: 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.035 Database: Compendex 10. Accession number: 20152400941434 Title:Recent progress and outlook of biocatalysts for anaerobic fermentation in biogas production process Authors:Zhang, Xianmei1 Author Email; Yun, Sining1 Author Email; Du, Yufeng1; Du, Tingting1; Gai, Guosheng2; Zhang, Wanqin3 Author affiliation: 1 School of Materials and Mineral Resources, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 3 College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Yun, Sining Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 141-155 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The recent progress of multifunctional catalysts, such as microbes, bacterium, enzymes, microelements, adsorbents, foaming agents, chelating agents, dyes, inhibitors and so on, used in the anaerobic fermentation was reviewed. This paper also emphasized the roles of the biocatalysts in the process of anaerobic fermentation, discussed the several critical issues in the fermenting methane bacterium, process control, waste disposal using a systematic processing and highlighted the advantages of the use of catalysts for fermenting methane. Also, the perspective of the biocatalysts in anaerobic fermentation was given. The biogas production can not only make biomass resources deeply developed and recycled, but also cause the waste harmlessly treated and effectively utilized, transforming the trash into treasure and making the harm to benefit, which are of great practical significance to solve the present energy crisis and environmental pollution problems. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 114 Main heading: Biocatalysts Controlled terms: Bacteria - Biogas - Catalysts - Chelation - Energy policy - Enzymes - Fermentation - Methane - Microorganisms - Trace elements - Waste disposal Uncontrolled terms: Anaerobic fermentation - Biogas production - Biomass resources - Critical issues - Environmental pollution problem - Microbes - Microelements - Multifunctional catalysts Classification code: 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 522 Gas Fuels - 525.6 Energy Policy - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.020 Database: Compendex 11. Accession number:20152400941420 Title:Design and experiment of shield device on rice pneumatic metering device Authors:Zang, Ying1, 2 Author Email; Xing, He1; Wang, Zaiman1; Luo, Xiwen1 Author Email; Cao, Xiaoman1; Wang, Baolong1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China 2 Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Changsha, China Corresponding author: Luo, Xiwen Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 33-38 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The seeds often suck on the sucking hole when the sucking plate rotates. The area between the sucked seeds and sucking hole is smaller than the area between the normal sucked seeds and sucking hole, which leaded to a shortage of suction. As the suction is less than a sum of external forces, sucked seeds will be separated from the seed sucking hole and do a parabolic movement with a particular velocity. This phenomenon is called “early dropping seeds”. To avoid this and increase the stability of seed sowing and the performance of hill formation of rice pneumatic metering device, a shield device was designed. Shield device was fixed on seed chamber shell through bolted connections. It was able to stop the seeds flying to the second half of sucking process after the parabolic movement drove by “early dropping seeds”. Indic hybrid peizataifeng was taken as research subjects, of which the water content was 21.1%. “Early dropping seeds” phenomenon was observed by means of high-speed photography technology, which enabled moving process of sucked seed to be clearly photographed. The probability of “early dropping seeds” was studied by using multi-factor experiment under different negative pressures for seeds sucked, rotation rates and shield device. Precision of seed metering was also counted, as shield devices were installed on the metering device. The experimental results showed the “early dropping seeds” phenomenon and precision of seed metering were improved with a shield device. The optimized condition was that the sucking plate rotation speeds of 25~40 r/min and the negative pressure for seeds sucked of 1.6 kPa. The probability of 1~3 seeds was 93%~97%. In the experiment, a shield device on the metering device could control the “early dropping seeds”, and improve the stability of seed sowing and the performance of hill formation. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 16 Main heading: High speed photography Controlled terms: Pneumatics Uncontrolled terms: Bolted connections - External force - Group hole - Metering devices - Negative pressures - Optimized conditions - Research subjects - Rice Classification code: 632.3 Pneumatics - 742.1 Photography DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.006 Database: Compendex 12. Accession number:20152400941443 Title:Adsorption mechanism of furfural onto cotton stalk charcoals Authors:Wang, Xianhua1 Author Email; Deng, Yong1; Li, Yunchao1; Li, Bin1; Yang, Haiping1; Chen, Hanping1 Author affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 208-213 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Charcoals were derived from cotton stalk pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor at different temperatures (400, 600, 800, the samples are labeled as CS-400, CS-600, CS-800, respectively). The charcoals were characterized by elemental analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, Boehm titration and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that cotton stalk charcoal obtained at 400 has a large number of organic groups on its surface and poor pore structure. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, oxygenic organics in cotton stalk decompose further, which leads to the reduction of acidic functional groups on charcoals surface, and the increase of the pyrone structures of the basic groups, meanwhile, pore structure is improved significantly and the surface area is increased, especially for the micropores. The H/C mole ratio, surface acid and basic functional groups of cotton stalk charcoals are the main factors that influence the removal efficiency of furfural. The increase of pyrolysis temperature promotes removal of furfural onto cotton stalk charcoal. With the increase of carbonization degree, the basic functional groups increase, while the acidic functional groups decrease, which results in the increase of π-π dispersion between the surfaces of cotton stalk charcoals and furfural molecular, therefore the best removal efficiency of furfural is obtained by cotton stalk charcoal pyrolyzed at 800. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 30 Main heading: Charcoal Controlled terms: Adsorption - Aldehydes - Carbonization - Chemical reactors - Cotton - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Functional groups - Furfural - Gas adsorption - Pore structure - Pyrolysis Uncontrolled terms: Acidic functional groups - Adsorption mechanism - Cotton stalk - Fixed bed reactor - Nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherms - Pyrolysis temperature - Removal efficiencies - Surface characteristics Classification code: 524 Solid Fuels - 801 Chemistry - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.029 Database: Compendex 13. Accession number: 20152400941440 Title:Pyrolysis characteristics of different components of cattle manures Authors:Xin, Ya1 Author Email; Cao, Hongliang1; Wang, Dianlong1; Yuan, Qiaoxia1 Author Email; Yang, Ying2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China 2 College of Mechanical Electrical Engineering, Trim University, Alar, China Corresponding author: Yuan, Qiaoxia Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 190-195 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Cattle manure is a kind of complicated biomass mainly consisting of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. In order to study the pyrolysis characteristics and interaction among these constituents, Van Soest method was adopted to effectively segregate hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, extractives and ash. The obtained detergent fibers and cattle manure original samples were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy to analyze their microscopic structures. The results showed that the apparent morphology of cattle manure and detergent fibers was changed from surface compression without cracks and holes to a honeycomb structure with numerous cracks and holes along with the washing process. Furthermore, those samples were also addressed by dynamic thermogravimetry and derivate thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) method. Thermogravimetric experiments showed that the pyrolyis rate of acid detergent fiber mainly including cellulose had the largest value among the detergent fibers, e.g. 14.310%/min, and the strong acid detergent fiber at the smallest one with the value of 1.615%/min. The pyrolysis processes of the different components were intrinsically interacted with each other. Hemicellulose inhibited extremely the devolatilization of cellulose, resulting in the volatile rate of cellulose was decreased from 14.310%/min to 7.617%/min. For the presence of the neutral detergent dissolved matter, the starting temperature of pyrolysis of cattle manures was reduced, and the thermal degradation rates of hemicellulose and cellulose were also restrained. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 14 Main heading: Cellulose Controlled terms: Beam plasma interactions - Cracks - Degradation - Fertilizers - Fibers - Honeycomb structures - Lignin - Manures - Scanning electron microscopy - Thermogravimetric analysis Uncontrolled terms: Acid detergent fiber - Cattle manures - Components - Dynamic thermogravimetry - Microscopic structures - Pyrolysis characteristics - Thermal degradation rate - Thermo-gravimetric experiments Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications - 932.3 Plasma Physics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.026 Database: Compendex 14. Accession number: 20152400941433 Title:Simulation of soil moisture evaporation under different groundwater level depths during seasonal freeze-thaw period Authors:Chen, Junfeng1 Author Email; Zheng, Xiuqing1 Author Email; Zhang, Yongbo1; Qin, Zuodong2; Sun, Ming3 Author affiliation: 1 College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China 2 Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China 3 Taigu Water Balance Experimental Field, Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey of Shanxi Province, Taigu, China Corresponding author: Zheng, Xiuqing Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 131-140 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: At present, many studies are carried out on influencing factors of soil moisture evaporation (SME), mechanism and controlling technology of SME at non-freezing period. However, the researches about SME during freeze-thaw period are few because the monitoring on SME is difficult. In order to reveal the influence of groundwater level depth and soil texture on SME during seasonal freeze-thaw period, based on two successive freeze-thaw period monitoring of soil water content and temperature of the lysimeter, SME of sandy loam and loamy sand under four kinds of groundwater level depths (0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m) was simulated by using SHAW model. The results show that the soil is thawing in day and freezing at night, and then liquid water is more during unsteady freezing stage and thawing stage. SME of sandy loam and loamy sand are more than 91.7% and 81.8% respectively during freezing and thawing periods. SME was increasing with the increase of groundwater level depth while it was lower than 0.31 mm during steady freezing stage. SME was 47.28 mm for sandy loam and 25.60 mm for loamy sand when the groundwater level depth was 0.5 m. SME decreases exponentially with the increasing groundwater level depth during freeze-thaw period, and the decreasing amplitude of SME for loamy sand is more obvious for its larger soil particle diameter. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 37 Main heading: Freezing Controlled terms: Evaporation - Groundwater - Moisture - Sand - Soil conditioners - Soil moisture - Soils - Textures - Thawing Uncontrolled terms: Freeze-thaw - Freezing and thawing - Liquid water - Moisture evaporation - Sandy loams - Soil particles - Soil textures - Soil water content Classification code: 444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 933 Solid State Physics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.019 Database: Compendex 15. Accession number:20152400941424 Title:Parameter test and optimization of tangential-horizontal-horizontal threshing and separating device Authors:Li, Yaoming1 Author Email; Zhou, Wei1; Xu, Lizhang1; Sun, Tao1; Tang, Zhong1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 62-67 and 92 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to solve the high loss and blockage problem of full-feeding combine harvester harvesting green stem and leafy rice which is difficult to thresh, a tangential-horizontal-horizontal threshing and separating device was developed. On the test bench of tangential-horizontal-horizontal threshing and separating device, the parameters of axial distance of concave fences, the number of cover and axis spacing of cylinders were preferred by using comparison test. The experiments showed that the preferred parameters were the axial distance of concave fences of 10 mm, 16 mm and 16 mm, the number of cover of 4 and 4, and the axis spacing of cylinders of 645 mm and 667.5 mm. Under the preferred structural parameters, threshing and separating performance experiments using different feed rates, concave clearances and cylinder speeds were carried out on the test bench of tangential-horizontal-horizontal threshing and separating device. The preferred operating parameters were obtained by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and variance analysis. The experiments showed that the preferred operating parameters within the test range were feed rate of 5 kg/s, speeds of 550 r/min, 600 r/min, 750 r/min and concave clearances of 40 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm for the first tangential cylinder, the second horizontal cylinder and the third horizontal cylinder. The performance indicators were obtained under the above parameters: un-threshed rate of 0.05%, entrainment loss rate of 0.36%, the total loss rate of threshing 0.41%, power consumption of the first tangential cylinder, the second horizontal cylinder and the third horizontal cylinder were 3.33 kW, 21.26 kW and 12.58 kW. The total power consumption was 37.17 kW and the extractions impurity rate was 14.37%. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 14 Main heading: Cylinders (shapes) Controlled terms: Agriculture - Experiments - Fences - Harvesters - Optimization - Testing Uncontrolled terms: Combine harvesters - Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method - Operating parameters - Performance experiment - Performance indicators - Rice - Threshing and separating - Total power consumption Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.010 Database: Compendex 16. Accession number: 20152400941419 Title:Design and experiment of variable rate fertilizer applicator based on crop canopy spectral reflectance Authors:Chen, Man1 Author Email; Shi, Yinyan1; Wang, Xiaochan1, 2 Author Email; Sun, Guoxiang1, 2; Li, Yongbo1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China 2 Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory for Modern Facilities Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Nanjing, China Corresponding author: Wang, Xiaochan Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 26-32 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: This variable rate fertilizer applicator based on crop canopy real-time spectral information (normalized differential vegetation index) was designed to realize real-time variable fertilization in the field. By accessing the real-time normalized differential vegetation index via six spectrum sensors, and the speed of the tractor via velocity-measuring system, the expert system of applicator could ascertain the rate of fertilizer based on the fertilization algorithm. The expert system of applicator adjusted fertilizing to attain precision fertilization according to the feedback fertilizer flow. The system design, working principle and experiments of the applicator were explained. The experimental results indicated that the inherent spatial variability of wheat growth within a field was considerable, and wheat canopy normalized differential vegetation index could resolve this difference. The fertilization precision could reach above 90%, and variable rate fertilizer applied more nitrogen (28 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) than quantitative fertilization. Therefore, the control system of the rate fertilizer applicator was favorable, and the applicator could achieve precise fertilization in the precision agriculture. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 23 Main heading: Applicators Controlled terms: Computer control systems - Crops - Expert systems - Fertilizers - Nitrogen fertilizers - Real time control - Vegetation Uncontrolled terms: Normalized differential vegetation indices - Precision Agriculture - Precision fertilizations - Real-time variable - Spatial variability - Spectral information - Variable rate fertilizer applicators - Variable rate fertilizers Classification code: 601 Mechanical Design - 723.4.1 Expert Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 732 Control Devices - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.005 Database: Compendex 17. Accession number: 20152400941452 Title:Uncertainty measurement and prediction of IOT data based on Gaussian process modeling Authors:Yuan, Jin1, 2 Author Email; Hu, Min1; Kesheng, Wang3; Liu, Xuemei1, 2 Author Email; Hou, Jialin1, 2; Mi, Qinghua4 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China 2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Taian, China 3 Department of Production and Quality Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway 4 State Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China Corresponding author: Liu, Xuemei Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 265-272 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The internet of things has become one of the most important data sources of agricultural big data, therefore automatic quality control of observational data is very important to agricultural production analysis and basic scientific data application. To solve the data missing, outliers excluding, perceived sensing failure and long-term prediction problems of the nonstationary time series data observed in agricultural systems, smooth Gaussian prior of weak assumptions on typical agricultural data was utilized; the dynamic system was built which was characterized by state space equations based on Gaussian process model; through the train set learning, the sensed variation models considered noise distribution were formed, and prediction error bar was provided with uncertainty measurement for the prediction data. For the problems of missing data and outliers excluding of raw data, short-term forecasts based on Gaussian process were adopted to fill with missing data, and its uncertainty measurement was used to detect outliers. Therefore, the outliers were removed and replaced with prediction value, and further sensing failure could be determined on the basis of accumulated outliers in certain time slice. The multi-step iterative method based on the uncertainty spread of input data was given for long-term prediction to track the dynamic trajectory of agricultural sensing data, and an uncertainty measurement could be provided for its predictive value. The data analysis of real sensed collection greenhouse microclimate verifies the feasibility of quality control of agricultural time series data based on Gaussian process in server-side. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 17 Main heading: Big data Controlled terms: Agriculture - Equations of state - Forecasting - Gaussian distribution - Gaussian noise (electronic) - Internet - Internet of things - Iterative methods - Quality control - Statistics - Time series - Time series analysis - Uncertainty analysis Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural productions - Automatic quality control - Gaussian process models - Gaussian Processes - Greenhouse microclimate - Non-stationary time series - Outliers excluding - Uncertainty measurements Classification code: 713 Electronic Circuits - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 717 Optical Communication - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.038 Database: Compendex 18. Accession number: 20152400941445 Title:Development and experiment of gear rolls biomass forming machine Authors:Li, Zhen1, 2 Author Email; Yu, Guosheng1 Author Email; Chen, Zhongjia1; Yuan, Xiangyue1; Cao, Liying2 Author affiliation: 1 School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China 2 College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China Corresponding author: Yu, Guosheng Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 220-225 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: To increase the energy-efficient performance, a forming machine with geared-roller annular mould was proposed. Based on the analysis of mechanism kinematics, the motions of geared roller and annular mould were non-interference with each other. Compared with normal annular mould, a larger grab angle in the structure was good for enhancing the production efficiency. Particles of locust, of which moisture content were 8%~20%, were taken as raw materials. The experimental results showed that the specific energy consumption was 56.82 kW·h/t and the formation density was 1.085 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Correspondingly, the output was improved by 3.36%~6.25%, the energy consumption was decreased by 5.77% and the density was increased by 3.33%. Meanwhile, the energy consumption was 50.3 kW·h/t with the moisture content of 16% and speed of 200 r/min. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 14 Main heading: Energy efficiency Controlled terms: Biomass - Energy utilization - Metal forming machines - Moisture - Moisture determination - Molding - Molds Uncontrolled terms: Forming machine - Molding simulation - Movement interference - Power calculation - Specific energy consumption Classification code: 525 Energy Management and Conversion - 535.2 Metal Forming - 535.2.1 Metal Forming Machines - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 944.2 Moisture Measurements DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.031 Database: Compendex 19. Accession number: 20152400941446 Title:Synthesis of methylacrylic acid nanomaterials and its adsorption study on polyphenols Authors:Gao, Zhenpeng1 Author Email; Li, Zhenlei1; Yuan, Yahong1 Author Email; Yue, Tianli1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; Shaanxi, China Corresponding author: Yuan, Yahong Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 226-232 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: China is the biggest concentrated apple juice producer in the world with a production of millions of tons of apple pomace every year. It is an important comprehensive utilizing approach by separating of polyphenols from apple pomace. A nano-material for adsorption of polyphenols from apple pomace was prepared. The moulding condition and preparation process of methylacrylic acid nano-materials was optimized by changing the dosage of methylacrylic acid(MAA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EDMA), azodiisobutyronitrile(AIBN) and acetonitrile, using chemical precipitation method and field emission scanning electron microscopy, and conducting the experiments of adsorbing of polyphenols from apple pomace by the prepared nano-material, so as to provide reference for the comprehensive utilization of apple residue. The results showed that the best preparation condition of this material was methylacrylic acid of 2.5 mmol, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate of 2.5 mmol, azodiisobutyronitrile of 1.00 mmol and acetonitrile of 20 mL, under which the adsorption capacity of obtained nano-material to polyphenols could achieve to 33.42 mg/g, and the desorption rate was 61.13% at the same time. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 18 Main heading: Fruits Controlled terms: Acetonitrile - Adsorption - Ethylene - Ethylene glycol - Field emission microscopes - Fruit juices - Polyols - Precipitation (chemical) - Scanning electron microscopy Uncontrolled terms: Apple polyphenols - Chemical precipitation method - Comprehensive utilizations - Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate - Field emission scanning electron microscopy - Methacrylic acids - Nanometer material - Preparation conditions Classification code: 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.032 Database: Compendex 20. Accession number: 20152400941444 Title:Hydrogen production characteristics of mixed culture of photosynthetic bacteria using cattle manure wastewater Authors:Wang, Yi1 Author Email; Zhang, Zhiping1; Zhang, Quanguo1 Author Email; Huo, Fei1; Ye, Yangli1; Yu, Xiunan1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China Corresponding author: Zhang, Quanguo Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 214-219 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: For photo-hydrogen production offers the possibility of being renewable and carbon neutral, it has promising prospects in the clean energy future. The microorganisms from several natural sludge pools where has plenty of sunlight and with high organic load were used as samples. The mixed culture of photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) was cultivated by using selective medium method. Bacteria partial reflux device was employed for screening and optimization of mixed culture. The hydrogen production characteristics of mixed culture of PSB using cattle manure wastewater were also investigated. The results showed that, the mixed PSB culture grew fast and stable, and the conditions for its growth and hydrogen production were less strict than that of pure PSB. The optimum conditions for bacterial reflux were cell reflux time of 36 h and cell reflux volume of 30%. The maximum hydrogen production rate was 28.3 mL/(L·h), and mean concentration of H<inf>2</inf> was 55%. When using cattle manure wastewater as substrate for biohydrogen production by mixed PSB, the hydrogen production duration was up to 216 h, the average hydrogen production rate was 11.65 mL/(L·h), substrate utilization ratio was 71.48%, and the average substrate conversion rate was 52.60 mL/g. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 21 Main heading: Hydrogen production Controlled terms: Bacteria - Carbon - Manures - Substrates Uncontrolled terms: Bacterial reflux - Bio-hydrogen production - Cattle manures - Mixed cultures - Photosynthetic bacterial Classification code: 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 461.9 Biology - 522 Gas Fuels - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.030 Database: Compendex 21. Accession number: 20152400941427 Title:Characteristics and law analysis of energy flux in southern water-saving irrigation paddy field Authors:Liu, Xiaoyin1, 2 Author Email; Yang, Shihong1, 2 Author Email; Li, Jiwen2; Xu, Junzeng1, 2; Liu, Ming1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China 2 College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China Corresponding author: Yang, Shihong Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 83-92 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Based on the observation data, including net radiation flux, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, soil heat flux, etc., which were surveyed at the stage of rice growth in 2013 at Kunshan Irrigation and Drainage Experiment Station with eddy covariance method, this article analyzes the features and distribution characteristics of energy balance components in the typical sunny day and cloudy day, as well as the diurnal and monthly variations of energy fluxes in rice season. The ratios of energy balance components to the net radiation and the energy closure degree of paddy field in different temporal scales were also discussed. The results illustrated that the monthly averaged diurnal variations of energy balance components, which were observed in typical sunny day in southern subtropical monsoon region at the stage of rice growth, obviously presented as the singlet trend of inverted “U” shape. The daily mean value and peak value of energy balance components in typical sunny day were smaller than that in cloudy day, but it also presented as the trend of singlet variation. The difference between latent heat flux and sensible heat flux appeared apparently. The ratios of the above two to the net radiation were anti-connected and the values were 86.2% and 0.8%, respectively. The ratio of the soil heat flux to the net radiation was 1.3%. As a result, the latent heat flux was the main component of net radiation in different temporal scales. Due to out-sync of energy transformation, turbulent fluxes lagged behind the net radiation about 0.5 h, and the hysteresis of surface soil heat flux was about 1.5~2.5 h. Energy balance components in different time spots were corresponding incompletely as to the impact to the short-term energy closure rate. But compared with other ecosystems, there was a better energy balance closure in water-saving irrigation paddy field, which suggested the flux data measured by eddy covariance method was capable to act as an effective judgment for evaluating the availability of energy flux features. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 36 Main heading: Heat flux Controlled terms: Energy balance - Irrigation - Latent heat - Radiation - Soils - Water conservation Uncontrolled terms: Distribution characteristics - Drainage experiments - Eddy covariance method - Energy balance components - Energy fluxes - Energy transformation - Paddy fields - Water-saving irrigation Classification code: 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.013 Database: Compendex 22. Accession number: 20152400941438 Title:Prediction model of biomass pyrolysis kinetic based on SLMD Authors:Fan, Yongsheng1 Author Email; Cai, Yixi1 Author Email; Li, Xiaohua1; Jiao, Lihua1; Yu, Ning1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China Corresponding author: Cai, Yixi Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 179-184 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The mixing scheme of biomass constituents, including cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, was designed by using simplex-lattice mixture design (SLMD) method. The pyrolysis characteristics of biomass constituents were observed by using a thermo-gravimetric analyzer and the kinetic parameters were calculated. In addition, a prediction model for kinetic parameters was established and the model was verified by test. The results showed that the reaction order n, activation energy E and frequency factor A of cellulose were 1.20, 134.50 kJ/mol and 3.49×10<sup>12</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Pyrolysis of cellulose was much rapider and more violent than the other two components. The value of n, E and A for hemicellulose were 1.30, 33.51kJ/mol and 9.43×10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and that for lignin were 1.32, 19.98 kJ/mol and 107 s<sup>-1</sup>. Pyrolysis of hemicellulose and lignin were relatively slow. Furthermore, three components in the mixed pyrolysis had interaction effect. Effects on the activation energy and the frequency factor of cellulose were significant while effect on the reaction order of hemicellulose and lignin was remarkable. The kinetic model is precision and it can effectively predict the biomass pyrolysis kinetic parameters. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 19 Main heading: Cellulose Controlled terms: Activation energy - Biomass - Chemical activation - Enzyme kinetics - Forecasting - Kinetic parameters - Kinetics - Lignin - Mixtures - Pyrolysis - Thermogravimetric analysis Uncontrolled terms: Activation energy E - Biomass constituents - Frequency factors - Interaction effect - Mixture design - Prediction model - Pyrolysis characteristics - Thermogravimetric analyzers Classification code: 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 801 Chemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 921 Mathematics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.024 Database: Compendex 23. Accession number: 20152400941461 Title:Chebyshev polynomials based parametric modeling of geometric errors for CNC machine tools Authors:Guo, Ran1 Author Email; Fu, Guoqiang2; Sun, Lei2; Fu, Jianzhong2 Author Email Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou Radio and TV University, Quzhou, China 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Corresponding author: Fu, Jianzhong Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 336-343 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to establish the mathematical models of geometric errors of machine tools rapidly and precisely, one parametric modeling approach based on Chebyshev polynomials was proposed. Firstly, according to the measured data of basic geometric errors of machine tools, the displacement of the axis was converted to Chebyshev variable. Secondly, the values of Chebyshev polynomials with different orders were calculated with Chebyshev variable. Then, coefficients of Chebyshev basic functions were calculated by using multiple linear regression methods according to Chebyshev variable and Chebyshev values, and the model about Chebyshev basic functions was obtained. At last, the mathematical models of basic geometric errors were established by inputting the conversation of the displacement of the axis and Chebyshev variable. The modeling was simple and programming; and the high approximating accuracy of Chebyshev polynomials made models precise. The comprehensive mathematical models were established by inputting parametric models of geometric errors into geometric models of machine tools. Then, the geometric error fields of working zone for machine tools were obtained. Taking the MV-5A three-axis machine tool for an example, the parametric models of all geometric errors were inputted to geometric error model of this machine tool to obtain the comprehensive mathematical model of geometric errors. Then, geometric error fields of working zone of this machine tool were computed, which laid the foundation for machine design and the error compensation. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Polynomials Controlled terms: Computer control systems - Error compensation - Errors - Geometry - Linear regression - Machine design - Machine tools - Machinery - Regression analysis Uncontrolled terms: Basic functions - Chebyshev polynomials - CNC machine tools - Geometric errors - Geometric models - Multiple linear regression method - Parametric modeling - Parametric models Classification code: 601 Mechanical Design - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 731.1 Control Systems - 921 Mathematics - 921.1 Algebra - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.047 Database: Compendex 24. Accession number: 20152400941416 Title:Method for calculating navigation parameters via RTK-DGPS fusing inertial sensor for agricultural vehicle Authors:Zhang, Meina1 Author Email; Yin, Wenqing2 Author Email; Lin, Xiangze2; Lü, Xiaolan1 Author affiliation: 1 Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China Corresponding author: Yin, Wenqing Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 7-12 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: A method for calculating navigation parameters via RTK-DGPS fusing inertial sensor was proposed in order to improve the navigation precision of agricultural vehicle. The key for calculating the lateral deviation was the compensation of the lever-arm effect error via the geometric transformation with the attitude angles form the inertial sensor. Test results showed that the mean error compensated by this method was 0.08 m when the pitch and roll was existed. Benefit from the compensation, we got more accurate lateral deviation by the enhanced positioning accuracy. The error of the heading deviation calculated by the inertial sensor will be larger when there is magnetic interference around the working environment. Therefore, another method to calculate the heading deviation was proposed, which is using least-square method to fit the travel path with the dynamic positioning points measured by RTK-DGPS. Test results showed that when the vehicle was steered along a straight line, a circle and a curve, the mean errors were 0.963 6°, 3.641 8°and 2.756 2° between two methods which were measured and calculated by RTK-DGPS and the inertial sensor. So it was proved that the heading deviation could be calculated by RTK-DGPS effectively. Two methods can enhance the adaptability of the system, the heading deviation can be got by RTK-DGPS instead of the inertial sensor under the environment with magnetic interference. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 17 Main heading: Navigation systems Controlled terms: Agriculture - Airships - Error compensation - Errors - Inertial navigation systems - Least squares approximations - Magnetic levitation vehicles - Mathematical transformations - Navigation - Research aircraft - Vehicles Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural vehicles - Fusing - Inertial sensor - Navigation parameters - RTK-DGPS Classification code: 431.5 Air Navigation and Traffic Control - 432 Highway Transportation - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 652.5 Balloons and Gliders - 682 Railroad Rolling Stock - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.002 Database: Compendex 25. Accession number: 20152400941431 Title:Tube-pin type soil moisture content probe and its influence factors Authors:Guo, Wenchuan1 Author Email; Song, Kexin1; Han, Wenting2, 3 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; Shaanxi, China 2 Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; Shaanxi, China 3 Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; Shaanxi, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 115-121 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: To provide a method for measuring soil moisture content in mass based on frequency domain reflectometry, a tube-pin type soil mass moisture content probe, consisting of a tube and a pin, was designed. Lou soil was used as sample to test the probe's performance in measuring bulk density. At 50, 100, 150, 300 and 500 MHz of the signal frequency, the influence of mass moisture content from 2.58% to 21.43%, bulk density from 0.80 g/cm<sup>3</sup> to 1.30 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and temperature from 10 to 50 on voltage ratio at probe to source signal were studied. Mathematical models describing the voltage ratio as functions of moisture content, temperature and bulk density were established. The feasibility of the models in predicting moisture content from voltage ratio, moisture content and temperature were analyzed. The results indicated that the absolute error of probe in measuring soil's bulk density was within-0.129~0.016 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Soil moisture content, temperature, bulk density and signals' frequency had obvious effects on voltage ratio. At 50, 100 and 150 MHz, moisture content had obvious influence on voltage ratio. The model at 150 MHz was better than the others at 0.01 significance level with the coefficient of determination of 0.849 6. The absolute error between calculated voltage ratio and actual voltage ratio was within-0.166~0.159. The absolute error between calculated soil moisture content and actual moisture content was within-3.440%~4.039%. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 27 Main heading: Moisture Controlled terms: Design - Errors - Frequency domain analysis - Functions - Moisture determination - Probes - Soil moisture - Soils - Tubes (components) Uncontrolled terms: Absolute error - Bulk density - Coefficient of determination - Frequency domain reflectometry - Signal frequencies - Significance levels - Source signals - Voltage ratios Classification code: 408 Structural Design - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 921 Mathematics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 944.2 Moisture Measurements DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.017 Database: Compendex 26. Accession number: 20152400941250 Title:Parameter optimization design of high-speed 6-PSS parallel robot Authors:Sun, Xiaoyong1 Author Email; Zheng, Bin1 Author Email; Bao, Jie2; Zhang, Qi1; Gao, Peng1 Author affiliation: 1 Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China 2 Department of Automatic and Electric Systems, University of Lille 1, Lille, France Corresponding author: Zheng, Bin Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 372-378 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Because of complex size parameters and dynamic performance in high-speed 6-PSS parallel robot, a multi-objective optimization method based on work space was proposed. The aim of this method was to improve the dynamic performance. At first, the kinematic equations of parallel robot were calculated, the dynamics equation was solved by using the Lagrange equations, and the optimize range of size parameters was obtained according to the constraints analysis and work space analysis of parallel robot. Then, the influence trend of various parameters on the critical dynamic performance was analyzed. The optimization objective function was proposed by using comprehensive analysis of the results. At last, the size parameter optimal solution of parallel robot was obtained by using optimized mathematical model. Through the simulation, the dynamic performance values before and after optimization, including the driving force, speed, power, etc. were compared which could prove the correctness of the proposed optimization method. The obtained results showed that the optimization algorithm was correct and effective, which can provide an effective method for optimizing parameters design in high-speed parallel mechanism. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Robots Controlled terms: Algorithms - Equations of motion - Machine design - Mechanisms - Multiobjective optimization - Optimization - Speed Uncontrolled terms: Dynamic performance - High Speed - Parallel robots - Parameter optimization - Work space Classification code: 601 Mechanical Design - 601.3 Mechanisms - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.5 Robotics - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.1 Mechanics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.052 Database: Compendex 27. Accession number: 20152400941415 Title:Design of agricultural robot autonomous navigation control based on improved self-adaptive filter Authors:Zhao, Dean1 Author Email; Jia, Weikuan1; Zhang, Yun1; Zhao, Yuyan1, 2; Ji, Wei1; Liu, Yun1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China 2 Changzhou College of Information Technology, Changzhou, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 1-6 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to improve the navigation accuracy and control precision, some related study on the autonomous navigation of agricultural robot control was carried out. Firstly, the Sage_Husa self-adaptive filtering and strong tracking Kalman filtering were introduced. The former has the characteristics of high precision but huge computation, the latter has strong adaptive capacity, but the filtering accuracy is low. So combined the advantage of these two filtering algorithms and used the strict convergence criterion, an improved self-adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm was proposed. This filtering algorithm can effectively reduce the state error of system, restrain the signal divergence, so it can guarantee the real-time and stability of the system, and has better filtering convergence and precision. By the simulation experiment, the results show that the proposed filtering algorithm was flexible and reliable. Secondly, in order to prevent the PID controller integral saturation phenomenon, the method of variable structure switch was introduced, and the variable structure PID (VSPID) controller was proposed. By the simulation experiment, the results show that the VSPID can quickly withdrew from the saturation state, and it can quickly reach the expectations and maintain this state. The problem of controller supersaturated was solved effectively. It can greatly improve the control efficiency, and maintain the good tracking performance. Thirdly, combining the improved self-adaptive filtering with anti-windup VSPID controller, the stability and precision of navigation system was improved. The results of simulation experiment show that proposed method makes the system quickly withdrew from the saturated zone, and with a better tracking performance. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the mobile robot navigation system and the field experiments on the school playground. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve GPS positioning precision and enhance the anti-interference capability, after further adjusting parameters and tracking the given path reaches the desired effect. It demonstrates that the proposed method greatly improves the capability of restraining filtering divergence, anti-interference and control precision. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Adaptive control systems Controlled terms: Adaptive filtering - Adaptive filters - Agriculture - Algorithms - Controllers - Kalman filters - Machine design - Mobile robots - Navigation systems - Proportional control systems - Robots - Signal filtering and prediction - System stability - Three term control systems Uncontrolled terms: Adaptive Kalman filtering - Agricultural robot - Anti-windup - Autonomous navigation - Convergence criterion - Mobile robot navigation system - Saturation phenomenons - Self- adaptive filter Classification code: 434.4 Waterway Navigation - 601 Mechanical Design - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 961 Systems Science DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.001 Database: Compendex 28. Accession number: 20152400941442 Title:Effect of acid and alkaline pretreatment on simultaneous saccharification fermentation for bio-hydrogen production from platanus orientalis leaves Authors:Zhang, Quanguo1 Author Email; Li, Yameng1; Jing, Yanyan1; Jiang, Danping1; Zhang, Zhiping1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 202-207 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: This study mainly investigated the effect of acid and alkaline pretreatment on Platanus orientalis (known as the French phoenix) leaves, and also the simultaneous saccharification and photo-hydrogen production from the leaves were pretreated with acid and alkali of different concentrations. Taking cumulative hydrogen production and hydrogen production rate as assessment indicators, the photo-hydrogen production capabilities from leaves with different pretreatments were compared and the modified Gompertz equation was used to analyze hydrogen production process. The results showed that H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> pretreatment could effectively improve the performance of photo-hydrogen production comparing with Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf> pretreatment, and the 4% H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> pretreatment was the best pretreatment. The maximum hydrogen concentration, the cumulative hydrogen production and the highest specific hydrogen production yield rate were 66.34%, 369 mL, 11.03 mL/h, respectively. The exploratory research was carried out about the dilute acid treatment liquid for recycling and reducing the cost of preprocessing. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 23 Main heading: Hydrogen production Controlled terms: Saccharification Uncontrolled terms: Alkaline pretreatment - Bio-hydrogen - Bio-hydrogen production - Hydrogen production process - Hydrogen production rate - Modified gompertz equations - Photo-hydrogen productions - Platanus orientalis leaves Classification code: 522 Gas Fuels - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.028 Database: Compendex 29. Accession number: 20152400941425 Title:Multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization of forward speed of fuzzy control system for combine harvester Authors:Ning, Xiaobo1, 2 Author Email; Chen, Jin1 Author Email; Li, Yaoming3; Yang, Guangjing1; Wu, Pei1; Chen, Si1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China 2 College of Electronic Engineering and Electricial Automation, Chaohu University, Hefei, China 3 Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China Corresponding author: Chen, Jin Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 68-74 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The operating performance of combine harvester is not usually satisfactory because of the subjectivity of parameters design to the fuzzy control system of forward speed. Taking a combine harvester as research objective, the paper constructs the simulation model of multi-parameters fuzzy control system and establishes the optimized objective functions for control performance and harvesting performance to evaluate operating performance of combine harvester. A multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to optimize membership functions and parameters' factors of conveyer trough, cutting table auger and tangential threshing rotor influenced on forward speed in the fuzzy control system. By comparing to the model simulation and analyzing the two groups of experimental data before and after optimization, the results proved that after the control system optimized, the control performance still presented good under the conditions of external interference, and the average unit loss indexes reduced from 1.45% and 1.26% to 1.12% and 1.14%, respectively. The feeding quantity did not change much, and the whole operating performance was improved. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Multiobjective optimization Controlled terms: Algorithms - Control systems - Fuzzy control - Fuzzy systems - Genetic algorithms - Harvesters - Interference suppression - Membership functions Uncontrolled terms: Combine harvesters - Control performance - External interference - Forward speed - Multi-objective genetic algorithm - Objective functions - Operating performance - Research objectives Classification code: 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.011 Database: Compendex 30. Accession number: 20152400941441 Title:Dynamics of biomass straw enzymolysis and photosynthetic characteristics of biological hydrogen production Authors:Jiang, Danping1 Author Email; Zhang, Yang1; Lu, Chaoyang1; Sun, Tanglei1; Zhang, Bingxue1; Zhang, Quanguo1 Author Email Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China Corresponding author: Zhang, Quanguo Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 196-201 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: An cellulase hydrolysis process and an anaerobic fermentation process to produce hydrogen from four kinds of common straw biomass were investigated. The hydrolysis of four kinds of common straw biomass and capacity of their hydrogen production were experimented by using fractal-like kinetic. And the correlation between the ability of biological hydrogen production and the growth of photosynthetic bacteria was analyzed. As a result, the kinetic equations of straw biomass hydrolysis and hydrogen production were got. The experimental results show that the effect of straw biomass hydrolysis and the capacity of hydrogen production from large to small are wheat straw, corn straw, sorghum straw and cotton stalk. With the enzymatic degradation, the reduction sugar content are 19.88 g/L, 15.72 g/L, 14.04 g/L and 9.41 g/L. The cumulative amounts of hydrogen production are 515.7 mL, 362 mL, 194.8 mL and 123.95 mL. In this period, the hydrogen production rate reaches maximum in exponential phase of photosynthetic bacteria. Meanwhile, the fractal-like kinetic brings out the direct proportion among the straw biomass hydrolysis kinetic parameter, the reduction sugar content and the cumulative amount of hydrogen production. It lays a reference for further improving the process theory and technology of hydrogen production with straw biomass. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 18 Main heading: Hydrogen production Controlled terms: Bacteria - Biomass - Enzyme kinetics - Fermentation - Fractals - Hydrolysis - Integral equations - Kinetics - Photobiological hydrogen production - Straw Uncontrolled terms: Anaerobic fermentation process - Biological hydrogen production - Cellulase hydrolysis - Enzymatic Degradation - Hydrogen production rate - Photosynthetic bacterias - Photosynthetic characteristics - Straw biomass Classification code: 461.9 Biology - 522 Gas Fuels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921 Mathematics - 921.2 Calculus - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.027 Database: Compendex 31. Accession number: 20152400941426 Title:Cost-benefit analysis of vegetable production based on agricultural mechanized production Authors:Xiao, Tiqiong1, 2 Author Email; He, Chunxia1 Author Email; Chen, Qiaomin2; Chen, Yongsheng2; Cao, Guangqiao2; Cui, Siyuan2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China 2 Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China Corresponding author: He, Chunxia Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 75-82 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Agricultural machinery is the most important equipment and factor of agricultural production. To study main influencing factors of economic benefit and development strategies of agricultural mechanization in China based on vegetables mechanized production, this paper studies agricultural mechanization status and problems of vegetable production in typical region according to questionnaire survey and on-the-spot investigation, and analyzes vegetable cost-benefit based on statistical data from 1998 to 2012. The results show that selling price and labor cost are the main influencing factors on vegetables net profit per unit area, influencing factors range from higher to lower are as follows: selling price, labor cost, which demonstrates that improving vegetable market mechanisms by policy support is helpful to protect the plant benefits. It also shows that pesticide input and agricultural film input are the main influencing factors on vegetable yield, influencing factors range from higher to lower are as follows: pesticide input, agricultural film input. Input in agricultural mechanization is the main influencing factor on vegetable output value, which demonstrates that the marginal utility of chemical agriculture decreases gradually and agricultural machinery has been playing an increasingly prominent role. The main vegetable varieties are classified into greenhouse solanaceous vegetables, outdoor solanaceous vegetables, and outdoor leaf vegetables according to the input-output indicators. The mechanization needs urgent degrees range from higher to lower are as follows: outdoor solanaceous vegetables, greenhouse solanaceous vegetables and outdoor leaf vegetables. Vegetable comprehensive mechanization level is very low in China, which is different for different operation links, different regional conditions and different species. Meanwhile, policy input, extension system and technology innovation have significant impact on vegetable mechanization technology development. It is important to explore agricultural mechanization technology mode, which combines agricultural machinery with agronomy according to local conditions. The research is meaningful for raising lab productivity and reducing vegetable production cost using labor saving vegetable mechanization production technology. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 5 Main heading: Cost benefit analysis Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Combines - Compensation (personnel) - Cost accounting - Cost effectiveness - Costs - Economic and social effects - Employment - Greenhouses - Mechanization - Pesticides - Surveys - Vegetables - Wages Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural mechanization - Agricultural productions - Cost benefits - Development strategies - Influencing factor - Multiple regressions - Questionnaire surveys - Technology development Classification code: 405.3 Surveying - 601 Mechanical Design - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 971 Social Sciences DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.012 Database: Compendex 32. Accession number:20152400941462 Title:Magnetization model of Fe-Ga magnetostrictive force sensor and its characteristics Authors:Shu, Liang1 Author Email; Li, Chuan2; Wu, Guichu1 Author Email; Chen, Dingfang2 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Low-voltage Apparatus Intellectual Technology of Zhejiang, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China 2 Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing and Control, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China Corresponding author: Wu, Guichu Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 344-349 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The magnetization model of a magnetostrictive force sensor was studied based on Fe-Ga alloy. The magnetic path of the sensor was optimized with 3D finite element method. Simulation results showed that the field distribution became linear when the magnetic path was optimized. In order to analyze the influence of biased field and loaded stress on material magnetization, the magnetization model was developed based on the homogeneous energy equation. The magnetic field and stress were taken as the independent variables in the Gibbs free energy formula thus the model could respond to both field and stress. The model was numerically solved using Newton's iteration method. In order to verify the model, a testing system was developed and both Fe-Ga alloy and Terfenol-D were tested. Comparisons of simulations and experiments showed that the proposed model could predict the changing of the magnetization properly. The influence of the biased field could be predicted as well. Comparisons of Fe-Ga alloy and Terfenol-D showed that Fe-Ga was more sensitive to the biased field and the hysteresis nonlinearity was lower than Terfenol-D. Since there is no annealed stress in Terfenol-D, it is observed negative magnetization when the material is subjected to cyclic stress with low biased field. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 20 Main heading: Finite element method Controlled terms: Alloys - Free energy - Gallium - Gallium alloys - Gibbs free energy - Iterative methods - Magnetism - Magnetization - Magnetostrictive devices - Nanocrystalline alloys Uncontrolled terms: Fe-Ga alloy - Force sensing - Magnetization models - Magnetostrictive - Terfenol-D Classification code: 531.1 Metallurgy - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 704 Electric Components and Equipment - 714 Electronic Components and Tubes - 761 Nanotechnology - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.048 Database: Compendex 33. Accession number: 20152400941421 Title:Design and experiment of feeding-seedling device for high-speed rice pot-seedling transplanter Authors:Yu, Gaohong1, 2 Author Email; Du, Liheng1, 2; Li, Ge1, 2; Xu, Yueping3; Ye, Bingliang1, 2; Liu, Daqing1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China 2 Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China 3 Zhejiang Xiaojing Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shangyu, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 39-45 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: With the aim to realize feeding seedlings stably, accurately and quickly, this paper introduces a feeding-seedling device for the high-speed feeding-seedling device for pot-seedling. This device reduces the moving distance of the seedling box when operating by using a periodic non-uniform lateral shift box. And with the proposed seedling vertical driving device, vertical seedling gains its accuracy and stability as well as high speed. The operational principle of the lateral feeding-seedling device was firstly elaborated, followed by its structure design. Secondly, working principle of the seedling vertical driving device was analyzed and its kinematics model was established. Then a set of feasible parameters was obtained by Matlab and applied in the following device design. Finally, a validation test was carried out. The test result indicates that the seedling box of the proposed lateral feeding-seedling device gains shorter distance when picking seedlings, with a 37% reduction from the traditional one. Moreover, this device achieves error within ±2 mm in single feeding and without cumulative error. The proposed feeding-seedling device is able to support pot-seedling speed of 200~250 times/min. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 17 Main heading: Feeding Controlled terms: Design - Experiments - Speed Uncontrolled terms: Cumulative errors - High Speed - Kinematics modeling - Operational principles - Pot seedling transplanters - Pot-seedling - Structure design - Validation test Classification code: 408 Structural Design - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research - 931.1 Mechanics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.007 Database: Compendex 34. Accession number:20152400941460 Title:Visualization experiment of flow characteristics of special shaped valve port in proportional valve using PIV technology Authors:Kong, Xiangdong1 Author Email; Song, Yu1; Ai, Chao1; Hu, Jianjun2; Xia, Qingchao1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China 2 College of Civil Engineering of Mechanics, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 328-335 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Taking the flow characteristics of special shaped valve port in proportional valve as the research objects, the structural mathematic models of U-shaped, V-shaped and round & divergent shape valve port were established, and also the referencing simulation and experiments were carried out. The flow characteristics were analyzed under the conditions of different pressure drops and different openmouthed sizes of special shaped valve port. The results show that the round & divergent valve port has satisfied control linearity on flow. At the same time, the similar experiment method was adopted, the proportional valve model was designed by using Reynolds similarity criterion with water selected as medium. The flow field visualization experimental study with 2D-PIV testing technology was adopted to analyze the features of special shaped valve port flow field. The results show that the round & divergent valve port possesses good flow characteristics and reduces the area and intensity of vortex which promisingly causes minor flow loss. This study provides design reference for the structure improvement of valve port in proportional valve. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Flow visualization Controlled terms: Flow fields - Testing - Visualization Uncontrolled terms: Different pressures - Flow charac-teristics - Flowfield visualization - Proportional valves - Reynolds similarity criterions - Special shaped valve port - Structure improvement - Visualization experiment Classification code: 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 902.1 Engineering Graphics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.046 Database: Compendex 35. Accession number: 20152400941459 Title:Cavitation analysis of control-valve in high-pressure common rail injector Authors:Duan, Lian1 Author Email; Yuan, Shouqi1 Author Email; Hu, Linfeng2; Li, Detao1; Xia, Xinglan2; Yu, Jianda2 Author affiliation: 1 Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China 2 FAW Wuxi Fuel Injection Equipment Research Institute, Wuxi, China Corresponding author: Yuan, Shouqi Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 321-327 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of high-pressure conditions on the control-valve of common rail injector, a sealing reliability test was carried out in a conventional type of common rail injector, and an unsteady vapor-liquid two-phase flow CFD simulation about the control-valve was performed with AVL-Fire. The displacement measurement of armature-pin of solenoid-actuator was accomplished for the boundary condition setting of computational dynamic grid. The simulation was validated against the experimental result of fuel backflow measurement in terms of mass flow rate. The reliability test result shows that cavitation damage appears on the conical seat surface of control-valve. The simulation result demonstrates that obvious cavitation phenomenon occurs in the guide-hole of the control-valve when inlet pressure boundary condition is increased to 250 MPa level. It also indicates that at three typical inlet pressure levels, viz., 150 MPa, 200 MPa and 250 MPa, the ratio of mass exchange rate of vapor-liquid phases is 1:1.187:1.437. With respect to time dimension, the mass exchange rate reaches a peak at the incipient stage of closing course of the control-valve. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Two phase flow Controlled terms: Boundary conditions - Cavitation - Chemical analysis - Computational fluid dynamics - Finance - Flow rate - High pressure effects - Safety valves - Sealing (closing) Uncontrolled terms: Cavitation phenomenon - Common rail injector - Computational dynamics - Control valves - Effect of high pressure - High pressure common rail - Injector - Vapor-liquid two-phase flows Classification code: 631 Fluid Flow - 694.1 Packaging, General - 801 Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 911.1 Cost Accounting - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.045 Database: Compendex 36. Accession number: 20152400941453 Title:Transaction management and traceability system of community vegetable shop based on barcode traceability scales Authors:Qian, Jianping1 Author Email; Xing, Bin1; Xie, Jing1; Yang, Xinting1 Author Email; Du, Xiaowei1; Chen, Xi1 Author affiliation: 1 National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Yang, Xinting Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 273-278 and 292 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: A framework for community vegetable shop to manage the transaction information and trace products was created. In this system, information acquisition was carried out based on barcode traceability electronic scale. The management core of the system was the database of transaction information. A mobile was used as the barcode scanner for tracing. The barcode traceability electronic scale integrated related models to achieve many functions, such as weighting, authentication, label printing and data uploading. To build the transaction management and traceability system of community vegetable shops, the electronic scale's data transaction and analysis were carried out, and the mobile's recognition technology of 2-D code which contained multiple pieces of information was improved. By building the simulation environment, the data transmission stability of multiple electronic scales, which were connected with the computer at the same time and the traceability function by scanning 2-D code with a mobile, was tested. The results show that the transmission success rates are above 99% by either real-time transmission or centralized transmission. With the increase of products number in one label, there is a decline in both recognition speed and recognition success rate of different pixel mobile phones. Meanwhile, the mobile phone with 8 million pixels has obvious advantages in recognition speed. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 18 Main heading: Information management Controlled terms: Bar codes - Cellular telephones - Electronic scales - Mobile phones - Pixels - Scales (weighing instruments) - Scanning - Telephone sets - Vegetables Uncontrolled terms: Community vegetables shop - Information acquisitions - Real-time transmissions - Simulation environment - Traceability - Transaction information - Transaction management - Transmission success rate Classification code: 718.1 Telephone Systems and Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 903.2 Information Dissemination - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.039 Database: Compendex 37. Accession number: 20152400941455 Title:Identification methods for plant wilting at leaf-scale based on 3-D imaging Authors:Cai, Xiang1 Author Email; Sun, Yurui2; Zhao, Yandong3; Zheng, Lijia2; Lin, Jianhui3 Author Email Author affiliation: 1 School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China 2 College of Information and Electronic Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 3 School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Lin, Jianhui Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 286-292 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: To characterize plant wilting status, a laser scanner based on triangulation principle was used to obtain 3-D images of zucchini. Four wilting indices (T<inf>B_3D</inf>, R<inf>LWI-2DFT</inf>, R<inf>TPLA</inf>, R<inf>SD</inf>) were developed by using different mathematic methods (differential geometry, 2-D Fourier transform, top projected area, standard deviation) to identify the plant wilting. It was observed that the indices were capable of sensing the stress response of zucchini from slight wilting to severe stress levels. Regression results showed that T<inf>B_3D</inf> had a linear relationship with ambient temperature and global radiation, the decision coefficient were [0.710, 0.721] and [0.513, 0.589], respectively. Besides, T<inf>B_3D</inf> was also found to be linearly correlated with stem diameter, and R<sup>2</sup> was 0.845. Additionally, the correlations of wilting series characterizing by these four wilting indices were analyzed respectively. The R<sup>2</sup> of each two indices was larger than 0.736. The results showed that the four wilting indices had the similar effects. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 17 Main heading: Geometry Controlled terms: Atmospheric radiation Uncontrolled terms: 3-D data - Leaf - Water stress - Wilting index - Zucchini Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 921 Mathematics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.041 Database: Compendex 38. Accession number:20152400941422 Title:Multi-objective parameter optimization and experiment of rotary seedling planting mechanism Authors:Chen, Jianneng1, 2 Author Email; Zhang, Penghua1; Wang, Ying3; Xia, Xudong1; Jiang, Chengqiang1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China 2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology, Hangzhou, China 3 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 46-53 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to get the best parameters of rotary seedling planting mechanism quickly and easily, this paper proposes the requirements of rotary seedling planting mechanism for prefect planting, such as kinematics (trajectory, pose and speed) characteristics of planting nozzle, geometrical characteristics of holes, avoidance of interference and convexity preservation of non-circular gears. According to these requirements, this paper establishes eleven subgoal functions of planting mechanism with planetary eccentric-elliptical gears. By using fuzzy theory, the multi-objective optimization problem was turned into a single objective optimization problem. Then, the parameters satisfied the above perfect requirements were got. According to the parameters which were obtained with optimization, this paper carries out structural design, virtual simulation, test bed machining and the experimental simulation of field planting. The result shows that this mechanism has high seedling erectness rate and the optimization model is correct. The proposed optimization model conquered the defect of trial and error that the simulation software has in the process of parameter design for planting mechanism, improved the optimization efficiency and reduced the demands for people who implement the optimization of parameters. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 14 Main heading: Multiobjective optimization Controlled terms: Computer software - Experiments - Gears - Optimization - Structural design Uncontrolled terms: Experimental simulations - Geometrical characteristics - Multi-objective optimization problem - Multi-objective parameter optimizations - Optimization efficiency - Optimization of parameters - Seedling - Single objective optimization problems Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General - 601.2 Machine Components - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.008 Database: Compendex 39. Accession number: 20152400941458 Title:Development on research of soft-terrain machine systems Authors:Li, Jianqiao1 Author Email; Huang, Han1; Wang, Ying1, 2; Tian, Limei1; Ren, Luquan1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China 2 Department of Basic, Armored Force Technology Institute, Changchun, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 306-320 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The theoretical research on soft-terrain machine systems has scientific significance and engineering application value to agriculture, forestry, mining and military. Firstly, the development on research of the basic theories and the latest research on soil-wheel interaction relationship of soft-terrain machine systems were reviewed. Then, the anti-adhesion and resistance reduction mechanism of soil animal from morphology, structure and flexibility, as well as the bionic theoretical basis for terrain-machine soil-engaging component were also reviewed. Secondly, the measurement methods for terrain mechanical properties and the soil bin testing equipments for the research were introduced. Moreover, the development on research of numerical simulation methods for the terrain machine systems was analyzed and summarized. Finally, the applications of the terrain machine systems theories and methods for soil-engaging component and vehicle motion mechanism in the future were discussed. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 91 Main heading: Landforms Controlled terms: Bionics - Computer simulation - Forestry - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Soil testing - Soils Uncontrolled terms: Engineering applications - Interaction relationship - Numerical simulation method - Resistance reduction - Soft-terrain - Soil-engaging components - Terrain machines - Theoretical research Classification code: 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.044 Database: Compendex 40. Accession number:20152400941457 Title:Optical path design of chlorophyll a sensor of water based on fluorimetry method Authors:Li, Xinxing1 Author Email; Wang, Cong1, 2; Chen, Yingyi1, 2; Zhao, Jia3; Fu, Zetian1, 4; Zhang, Lingxian1, 2 Author Email Author affiliation: 1 College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 2 Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China 3 Science and Technology Information Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China 4 Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Zhang, Lingxian Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 300-305 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The sensor of chlorophyll a based on fluorimetry was designed. It can satisfy the long-term and real-time requirement of sea and lake detection. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic principle of fluorimetry's detecting chlorophyll a based on the former research. The fluorimetry sensor belongs to optical sensor. Optical path design, the key part of hardware, was described as follows: first of all, the optical sensor probe was designed; then the 460 nm super bright blue light diode was selected as the fluorescence excitation signal source, because chlorophyll a has the strongest absorption in 430~470 nm blue brand. Four sets of super bright blue light emitting LED were used, which suited the characteristic of chlorophyll a's absorption and had the advantages of low power consumption, small volume, low cost and simple circuit design. For the photosensitive receiver module, there are advantages and disadvantages of different electric converters. Finally, the light-sensitive diode was chosen, as it satisfied the requirement of weak fluorescent signal of chlorophyll a. The sensor was calibrated at last. This paper built the standard curve of sensor and the standard curve based on the direct fluorescent method, the correlation coefficient of sensor meansurement is 0.998, standard deviation is 0.05 μg, and limit of detection is 0.25 μg/L. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 11 Main heading: Light emitting diodes Controlled terms: Chlorophyll - Design - Fluorescence - Light emission - Light sensitive materials - Low power electronics - Optical sensors - Photosensitivity - Sensors - Signal detection Uncontrolled terms: Chlorophyll a - Correlation coefficient - Fluorescence excitation - Fluorescent methods - Fluorimetry - Low-power consumption - Optical path - Real time requirement Classification code: 408 Structural Design - 713 Electronic Circuits - 714 Electronic Components and Tubes - 715 Electronic Equipment, General Purpose and Industrial - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 717 Optical Communication - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.043 Database: Compendex 41. Accession number:20152400941417 Title:Stability control method for orchard vehicle Authors:Wang, Xin1 Author Email; Zhao, Siqi1; Wang, Liyang1; Xu, Songbing1; Wang, Shumao1 Author Email Author affiliation: 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimized Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Wang, Shumao Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 13-19 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Orchard vehicle is not only a modernized orchard management platform, but also a fruit-transit station. Its lifting platform can reconcile the needs of working on the ground and in the air to meet all kinds of actual requirements. But working conditions in orchard are complicated (like uneven and rolling ground) and the lifting platform has a relatively high mass center and a changing load, which are easy to cause rollover and pitch accidents. Aiming at the high frequency of vehicle rollover accident and the serious consequence it may bring about, this paper first developed two simplified linear dynamic models to analyze the force situation in rollover and pitch, then an orchard vehicle active steering control model was established based on dynamic orchard vehicle model and tyre model. After that, in Matlab/SimMechanics modular, applying control law, the orchard vehicle body model, tyre model, ground model and control model were constructed individually, and combining all the models with the orchard vehicle active steering PID simulation control model. Finally, comparative experiments of scaled orchard vehicle model and simulation analysis model were conducted to validate the practicability of Matlab/SimMechanics simulation model. Results show the SimMechanics model is sufficiently realistic to simulate the vehicle's motion and the control law is capable to enhance the stability of orchard management platform, which provides references for follow-on study on stability control of orchard vehicle. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Accidents Controlled terms: Airships - Automobile steering equipment - Control theory - Convergence of numerical methods - Farms - MATLAB - Orchards - Research aircraft - Stability - Steering - Three term control systems - Vehicles Uncontrolled terms: Active steering control - Comparative experiments - High frequency HF - Linear dynamic model - Management platforms - Simulation control - Stability control - Vehicle rollovers Classification code: 432 Highway Transportation - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 652.5 Balloons and Gliders - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 731.1 Control Systems - 801 Chemistry - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 951 Materials Science - 961 Systems Science DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.003 Database: Compendex 42. Accession number:20152400941423 Title:Wide-narrow distance transplanting mechanism with special shaped non-circular bevel gears for rice transplanter Authors:Sun, Liang1, 2 Author Email; Zhu, Jianbin1, 2; Zhang, Guofeng1, 2; Fang, Zhi1, 2; Yu, Gaohong1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China 2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology, Hangzhou, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 54-61 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to obtain a spatial planetary gear train with higher transmission ratio, which can shorten the large horizontal offset of picking seeding trajectory, a kind of special shaped non-circular bevel gears based on spherical curve was put forward, and a wide-narrow distance transplanting mechanism composed of special shaped non-circular bevel gears and crossed cylindrical gears was obtained. The pitch curve of special shaped non-circular bevel gears was designed by two non-uniform B-splines which had continuous angles and discontinuous radius. The gear pair could continuously and smoothly work after adjusting the height of tooth profile curve in the transition section of two non-uniform B-splines. The theoretical model of wide-narrow distance transplanting mechanism was built up. An optimization program was finished, and the effect of the different shape of special shaped non-circular bevel gears to the wide-narrow distance planting trajectory was analyzed. A three-dimensional model was built up by computer, and an actual physical model was processed. The shapes and speeds of the planting trajectory which formed by the two models were compared, and the values of measuring parameters were almost the same. A test with seeding by transplanting mechanism was carried out based on rotary trial soil bin. Speed comparison between the transplanting mechanism composed of special shaped non-circular bevel gears and transplanting mechanism composed of non-circular bevel gears was made, and the result showed that the wide-narrow distance transplanting mechanism composed of special shaped non-circular bevel gears had the advantages in shortening the large horizontal offset of picking seeding trajectory, and the planting trajectory was better. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Bevel gears Controlled terms: Gears - Interpolation - Seed - Splines - Trajectories Uncontrolled terms: Non-circular - Optimization programs - Planetary gear train - Rice transplanter - Spherical curve - Three-dimensional model - Transplanting mechanisms - Wide-narrow distances Classification code: 404.1 Military Engineering - 601.2 Machine Components - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.009 Database: Compendex 43. Accession number:20152400941439 Title:Effects of water recirculation on characteristics of solid products from hydrothermal treated wheat straw Authors:Guo, Shuqing1 Author Email; Dong, Xiangyuan1; Liu, Kaituo1 Author affiliation: 1 Department of Energy & Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 185-189 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of biomass is a technique which using hot, pressurized water to convert biomass for yielding a solid, coal-like product. Therefore, the treatment and utilization of HTT liquid products has a key effect on its commercial application. This current research work mainly focuses on the effects of products on characteristic from HTT which using recycled process water for multiple process cycles. The hydrothermal experiments were carried out in an autoclave using wheat-straw as raw materials at temperature 220 for residence time 120 min with a 30:1 water and biomass mass ratio. The micro-structure, chemical composition and thermal stability of solid products were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that with successive recycling, the mass yield and sequestering carbon rate in the solid gradually increased. Compared with the initial HTT, mass yield and sequestering carbon rate after six recycles rose to 78.7% and 92.4%. Upon increasing recycling, the level of structural order in the solid increased, which suggested that the solid tended to further aromatize/graphitize. At the same time, the functional group and aliphatic structure decreased. The TGA analysis results indicated that the thermal stability of solid also increased as the number of cycles increased. Water recirculation during hydrothermal treatment of wheat straw could increase the HTT solid yields and improve their physical and chemical characteristics. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Water recycling Controlled terms: Biomass - Carbon - Carbonization - Chemical stability - Differential scanning calorimetry - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Functional groups - Recycling - Straw - Thermodynamic stability - Water treatment - X ray diffraction Uncontrolled terms: Chemical compositions - Commercial applications - Fourier transform infrared - Hydrothermal experiments - Hydrothermal treatments - Physical and chemical characteristics - Thermogravimetric analyzers - Wheat straws Classification code: 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 801 Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.025 Database: Compendex 44. Accession number: 20152400941437 Title:Effects of type and proportion of nitrogen on fermentation quality of caragana powder for substrate production Authors:Feng, Haiping1 Author Email; Qu, Jisong1; Yang, Zhigang2; Yang, Dongyan1; Zhang, Lijuan1 Author affiliation: 1 Institute of Germplasm Resources, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Yinchuan, China 2 Ningxia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Longde, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 171-178 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: To discuss the quality of fermentation caragana powder for substrate production, the randomized block design was adopted. Taking caragana powder as main raw material, dried chicken manure, cake and urea as nitrogen sources, and cellulose degrading bacteria as exogenous microorganisms, the effects of type and proportion of nitrogen on fermentation performance parameters of caragana powder for substrate production were studied. The results showed that the type and proportion of nitrogen sources had a significant impact on caragana powder matrix fermentation composting decomposed velocity and products. With 75% organic fertilizer+25% chemical fertilizer and 50% organic fertilizer +50% chemical fertilizer treatment of caragana powder pile faster, duration of high temperature was long (>50, reached to 10 d and 9 d, respectively, >55, reached to 6 d), accumulated temperature was high, and maturity of powder caragana time was short. The total organic carbon were 355.54 g/kg and 359.86 g/kg, total nitrogen were 22.36 g/kg and 0.385 g/kg, nitrate nitrogen were 22.21 g/kg and 0.337 g/kg, ammonium nitrogen were 0.049 g/kg and 0.051 g/kg, carbon and nitrogen rate was 14.69% and 14.35% respectively. The cellulose and hemicelluloses degradation rate were over 44%, lignin degradation rate was over 37%, humic acid content were 37.12% and 37.08% respectively. The decomposition of organic matter caragana powder and cellulose degradation was accelerated. The composting of total nitrogen and nitrate content was improved. The nitrogen loss was effectively controlled. The fertility of caragana powder after maturity was ensured. The physical and chemical properties of substrate after maturity meet the requirements of an ideal substrate and the substrate extract will not produce toxic effects on seed. But considering the root growth, plant protection, fixed exchange with the outside air, water holding capacity and retention capacity of substrate, nitrogen sources of 75% organic fertilizer +25% fertilizer and 50% organic fertilizer +50% fertilizer caragana powder maturity substrate are considered to be more suitable for cultivation of vegetable crops. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 25 Main heading: Substrates Controlled terms: Biological materials - Carbon - Cellulose - Decay (organic) - Degradation - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Organic carbon - Piles - Urea Uncontrolled terms: Accumulated temperatures - Cellulose and hemicellulose - Cellulose degrading bacteria - Fermentation performance - Fermentation qualities - Nitrogen sources - Physical and chemical properties - Water holding capacity Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.023 Database: Compendex 45. Accession number:20152400941430 Title:Middle and short term forecasting models for reference evapotranspiration based on daily weather forecast Authors:Zhang, Qian1 Author Email; Duan, Aiwang2; Wang, Guangshuai2; Shiva, Jha K.2; Shen, Xiaojun2; Cai, Huanjie1, 3 Author Email Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; Shaanxi, China 2 Key Laboratory for Crop Water Requirement and Regulation, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China 3 Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; Shaanxi, China Corresponding author: Cai, Huanjie Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 107-114 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The Hargreaves (HG)equation, McClound (M-C) equation, Makkink (M-K) equation and Priestley-Taylor (P-T) equation were amended against the FAO 56 Penman-Monteith(PM)by using the observed meteorological data from 1970 to 2011 at Xinxiang City. Then, the calibrated equation and weather forecast data were used to predict the 10 d ET<inf>0</inf>. The precision of weather forecast and forecast ET<inf>0</inf> was evaluated, and an analytical method was developed to translate daily weather forecast message into the variables needed by estimation ET<inf>0</inf>. The results showed that the mean accuracy of calibration HG (HG-M) equation, P-T equation, M-C equation and M-K equation were relatively higher. However, the maximum and minimum air temperature, wind speed, hours of sunshine tended to decline with the increasing forecast horizon; the accuracy of minimum air temperature forecast was higher than that of the maximum air temperature. The mean accuracy of P-T model was the highest (95.06%) among all models, meanwhile, the HG-M equation, M-K model, PMT1 model were in turn. The prediction accuracy of selected four models were higher than other models, but the P-T and HG-M models could satisfy the requirement of higher accuracy and simplify the calculating procedure. So for ET<inf>0</inf> middle and short term forecast, the P-T and HG-M models could make a great contribution to improve the accuracy of irrigation forecast. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 28 Main heading: Weather forecasting Controlled terms: Atmospheric temperature - Calibration - Evapotranspiration - Forecasting - Meteorology - Wind Uncontrolled terms: Analytical method - Meteorological data - Penman-Monteith equations - Prediction accuracy - Reference evapotranspiration - Short-term forecasting - Short-term forecasts - T-model Classification code: 443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444.1 Surface Water - 921 Mathematics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.016 Database: Compendex 46. Accession number:20152400941447 Title:Near-infrared analysis of fishmeal protein based on random forest Authors:Chen, Huazhou1 Author Email; Chen, Fu2; Shi, Kai1; Feng, Quanxi1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Science, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China 2 Shanghai Su-Pro Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 233-238 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Random forest (RF) regression algorithm was utilized for determination of protein content in fishmeal samples based on near-infrared (NIR) spectrometry. Considering the randomness of RF method, the optimized models were selected by tuning the two vital modeling parameters of the number of decision trees (n<inf>tree</inf>) and the number of split variables (n<inf>sv</inf>). The descending of Gini coefficient (G) is taken as the indicator performing the modeling importance of NIR valuables. It was used to select the informative wavelengths for NIR analysis of fishmeal, with an aim to improve the accuracy of quantitative models. According to statistical theory, we tried to select equivalent optimal model with relatively low computational complexity. The optimized RF model needed to construct 471 decision trees and randomly select 103 wavelength variables for node splitting when the decision trees grow. Simultaneously, 52 NIR informative wavelengths can be selected out according to the average of G descending values based on the trees in the forest. The equivalent optimized RF model output the root mean square error (RMSEv) and correlation coefficient (R<inf>v</inf>) of validation set were 3.970% and 0.943, respectively. The optimized model was further evaluated by using the prediction samples that were excluded from modeling process, with the RMSEp of 5.271%, and the R<inf>p</inf> of 0.906. Results showed that RF regression combined with G coefficients for wavelength selection is feasible and effective to improve the NIR predictive ability for quantitative determination of fishmeal protein. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 20 Main heading: Infrared devices Controlled terms: Algorithms - Decision trees - Forestry - Mean square error - Near infrared spectroscopy - Proteins Uncontrolled terms: Determination of proteins - Fishmeal - Gini coefficients - Low computational complexity - Near infrared spectrometry - Quantitative determinations - Random forests - Wavelength selection Classification code: 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 921 Mathematics - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.033 Database: Compendex 47. Accession number: 20152400941432 Title:Soil-air exchange of organochlorine pesticides and analysis of its impact factors in wastewater irrigation area Authors:Cui, Song1, 2 Author Email; Fu, Qiang1, 2 Author Email; Li, Tianxiao1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China 2 International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China Corresponding author: Fu, Qiang Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 122-130 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: A typical irrigation area was selected as objective study area which has more than forty years history with wastewater irrigation in northeast China. Acquiring relevant data and model parameters, the soil-air exchange of organochlorine pesticides and its fractionation effect were deeply disscussed with application of fugacity approach. The results show that, in the certain cases of soil organic matters, the difference of soil-air partition coefficient (K<inf>SA</inf>) between HCHs and DDTs has one order of magnitude at daily average maximum temperature higher than at daily average minimum temperature; HCHs released into environment for secondary distribution more easily than DDTs. The rate of change of K<inf>SA</inf> value is different when every 1% enhanced in soil organic matter and gradually stabilizing with enhanced soil organic matter content. There is a negative correlationship between octanol-air partition coefficient (K<inf>OA</inf>) and fugacity fraction (f<inf>f</inf>) of soil-air exchange, the correlation coefficients are: R=-0.743 (P<0.05), R=-0.763 (P<0.05), R=-0.776 (P<0.05) when soil organic matters are 1%, 2% and 3%, respectively. Application of ratio between soil and air concentration (C<inf>s/a</inf>), in the constant cases of other parameters, the soil and air concentration will affect the soil-air exchange of HCHs and DDTs. The primary and secondary fractionation effect of HCHs and DDTs further suggested that the soil properties and physical-chemical properties will affect their fractionation effect. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 24 Main heading: Soils Controlled terms: Air - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Irrigation - Organic compounds - Pesticide effects - Pesticides Uncontrolled terms: Fractionation effects - Impact factor - Organochlorine pesticides - Soil-air exchange - Wastewater irrigation areas Classification code: 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.018 Database: Compendex 48. Accession number: 20152400941456 Title:Investigation method of forestry plot based on binocular stereo camera Authors:Fan, Zhongmou1 Author Email; Feng, Zhongke1 Author Email; Li, Yadong1; Zheng, Jun2; Huang, Xiaodong1; Chen, Jinxing1 Author affiliation: 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China 2 National Engineering Research Center of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Feng, Zhongke Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 293-299 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to improve efficiency of field operation in normal plot investigation, the photograph plot method was studied. The binocular stereo camera was chosen as the main tool. We placed the binocular stereo camera vertically in the center of plot, took twelve 30-degree-shots and got twelve groups of stereo images in turn. The field visual examination was used to check the shielding tree. After the supplementary surveying of the shielding tree, we used forward intersection to obtain the coordinate of homonymy points in the stereo images so as to extract the diameter and relative coordinate of the target tree. The photograph plot was then finished after all the coordinates had been transformed to the same coordinate system by the rotation angle. In order to verify the proposed method, nine fixed sample plots were chosen as examples to make a comparison between the results of photograph plot and the normal method. The results included the diameter and the coordinate of each target tree, the volume of fixed sample plot and the working time of two methods above. The results show that the average fractional error of plot volume is 5.5%, and the maximum error is 8.2%. The comparison results confirmed the feasibility of photograph plot. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 23 Main heading: Forestry Controlled terms: Binoculars - Bins - Cameras - Photography - Shielding - Stereo image processing - Surveys - Timber Uncontrolled terms: Binocular stereo - Co-ordinate system - Forward intersections - Fractional errors - Investigation methods - Photograph plot - Relative coordinates - Visual examination Classification code: 405.3 Surveying - 415.3 Wood Structural Materials - 622 Radioactive Materials - 694.4 Storage - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 746 Imaging Techniques - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.042 Database: Compendex 49. Accession number:20152400941450 Title:Analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of drought and flood based on TRMM remote sensing data Authors:Tian, Miao1 Author Email; Li, Weiguo1 Author affiliation: 1 Institute of Agricultural Economy and Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 252-257 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Drought and flood disasters are the main meteorological disasters in China. For the vegetation index and land surface temperature retrieved by optical remote sensing data for drought and flood disaster monitoring has a lag in time, precipitation data can reflect the surface dry and wet state more timely and intuitively. Current methods for monitoring drought and flood disasters based on precipitation extremerely primarily on point-based in situ meteorological stations. Tropical rainfall measurement mission (TRMM) microwave remote sensing offers the possibility of quantifying drought and flood conditions over large spatial extents. This research used scale of 12 standardize precipitation index (SPI12) to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of flood and drought in Jiangsu Province based on the TRMM 3B43 monthly precipitation data from 1998 to 2014. The month-to-month changes and spatial distributions of SPI12 were got from 1999 to 2014 in Jiangsu Province. It concludes that: the probability of drought and flood disasters happened in Jiangsu Province is 34.08% during 16 years, and the drought (16.74%) is closed to the flood (17.34%). Jiangsu Province is easily influenced by drought and flood disasters in every season of the year, and drought and flood disasters happened alternately. Extreme drought or flood disasters in Jiangsu Province happened many times from 1999 to 2014. Also, central of Jiangsu Province is easily affected by drought and flood disasters. At the same time, this research shows that the TRMM data can be used to monitor the flood and drought disasters in large spatial extents effectively. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 19 Main heading: Remote sensing Controlled terms: Atmospheric temperature - Disasters - Drought - Floods - Precipitation (meteorology) - Rain - Rain gages - Stream flow Uncontrolled terms: Drought and flood disasters - Flood and drought disaster - Meteorological disasters - Microwave remote sensing - Optical remote sensing data - Remote sensing data - Standardized precipitation index - Tropical rainfall measurement missions Classification code: 443 Meteorology - 484 Seismology - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 731.1 Control Systems - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.036 Database: Compendex 50. Accession number:20152400941436 Title:Evaporation treatment on biogas slurry from anaerobic fermentation Authors:Bai, Xiaofeng1, 2 Author Email; Li, Zifu1, 2 Author Email; Yin, Fubin1, 2; Cheng, Shikun1, 2; Bai, Xue1, 2; Zhang, Yang1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China 2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Li, Zifu Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 164-170 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Evaporation was applied to concentrate biogas slurry. The effects of low temperature evaporation, atmospheric evaporation and vacuum evaporation on biogas slurry concentration were investigated. Results showed that the low temperature evaporation (room temperature, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85) had a great impact on the ammonia nitrogen concentration of biogas slurry, and almost all ammonia (98%) were lost, which has disadvantages on the recovery of nutrients. It showed that when the initial pH value was less than 4 in atmospheric evaporation, the water quality of the effluent (ammonia is lower than 41.0 mg/L) could meet the demand of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding (GB 18596-2001). Experimental results of the vacuum evaporation showed that vacuum degree(-0.03~-0.08 MPa) had little influence on evaporation results. Vacuum evaporation of biogas slurry with different initial pH value showed that compared with the atmospheric evaporation, vacuum evaporation could reduce the content of ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in effluent and improve quality of effluent. When the initial pH value of biogas slurry in vacuum evaporation process was less than 5, the effluent (ammonia is lower than 61.8 mg/L) could meet the discharge standard. Therefore, the most effective operation for the whole system is vacuum evaporation. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 17 Main heading: Vacuum evaporation Controlled terms: Agriculture - Ammonia - Atmospheric chemistry - Atmospheric temperature - Biogas - Chemical oxygen demand - Concentration (process) - Effluents - Evaporation - Nitrogen - Nutrients - pH - Vacuum - Water pollution - Water quality Uncontrolled terms: Ammonia nitrogen - Anaerobic fermentation - Biogas slurry - Discharge standards - Evaporation process - Low temperatures - Nutrient recycling - Room temperature Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 453 Water Pollution - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 522 Gas Fuels - 633 Vacuum Technology - 633.1 Vacuum Applications - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.022 Database: Compendex 51. Accession number: 20152400941435 Title:Research on ethanol production of anaerobic digestion fiber from rice straw Authors:Wang, Dianlong1 Author Email; Ai, Ping1 Author Email; Yan, Lieliang2; Yu, Liang3; Yan, Shuiping1; Zhang, Yanlin1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China 2 Jingmen Rural Energy Technical Extending Stations, Jingmen, China 3 Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, United States Corresponding author: Ai, Ping Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 156-163 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The anaerobic digestion fiber for producing ethanol was conducted. The effects of different temperatures and total solid concentrations of anaerobic fermentation conditions on producing ethanol characteristic of anaerobic digestion fiber were investigated. The results showed that for the anaerobic digestion fiber obtained at medium temperature and low concentration fermentation (37, 6%), the loss of cellulose in pretreatment process was lower, and glucose conversion was higher in enzymatic hydrolysis, 33.17%. The ethanol production could reach to 41 g/kg. In order to improve the ethanol yield, the conditions of pretreatment were optimized and methods of acid and alkaline pretreatment were compared. The results showed that alkaline pretreatment was more favorable. Under the mild temperature (60) condition, the weight loss rate decreased to 22%~56% and the recovery rate of cellulose was more than 80% after 1%~3% of NaOH pretreatment for 6~24 h. Moreover, the glucose conversion increased during enzymatic hydrolysis, and ethanol yield was significantly improved. By optimizing the pretreatment parameters, the conditions of 3% NaOH, 60 and 6 h obtained maximum ethanol yield, 87 g/kg. It effectively improved the efficiency of digested fiber for ethanol production. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 28 Main heading: Anaerobic digestion Controlled terms: Cellulose - Enzymatic hydrolysis - Ethanol - Fermentation - Fibers - Glucose - Hydrolysis - Molecular biology Uncontrolled terms: Alkaline pretreatment - Anaerobic fermentation - Glucose conversion - Medium temperature - Pre-Treatment - Pretreatment process - Rice straws - Total solid concentrations Classification code: 523 Liquid Fuels - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.021 Database: Compendex 52. Accession number:20152400941418 Title:Object tracking of Ochotona curzoniae based on local texture difference operator Authors:Chen, Haiyan1, 2 Author Email; Zhang, Aihua1 Author Email; Hu, Shiya1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China 2 School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China Corresponding author: Zhang, Aihua Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 46 Issue: 5 Issue date: May 25, 2015 Publication year: 2015 Pages: 20-25 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to accurately track Ochotona curzoniae in natural habitat environment, an object tracking method based on Meanshift algorithm was proposed. Considering the object tracking method of kernel Meanshift algorithm based on RGB color histogram usually has the deformation of inaccurate tracking or lose of target in the scenario that the color is similar between the background and the object. In view of the problem that the color between the Ochotona curzoniae and the background is similar in the object tracking process in natural habitat environment, a visual descriptor named as the local texture difference operator (LTDC) was proposed to reflect the subtle differences between the Ochotona curzoniae and background. The LTDC operator was combined with color information to characterize the object model and the object model was embedded into the Meanshift tracking framework for the object tracking of Ochotona curzoniae. The experimental results show that the proposed method for characterizing the object has a strong difference ability of target and background. The object can be accurately positioned in the color similar scenario of the object and the background. Compared with the FLBP algorithm, the average iteration number of proposed method is 79.04% of the average iteration number of the FLBP algorithm, the average tracking total time of proposed method is 82.35% of the average tracking total time of the FLBP algorithm, the average tracking speed of proposed method is 1.22 times of the average tracking speed of the FLBP algorithm. ?, 2015, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Target tracking Controlled terms: Algorithms - Color - Ecosystems - Iterative methods - Textures - Tracking (position) Uncontrolled terms: Color information - Difference operators - Mean shift - Mean shift algorithm - Mean-shift tracking - Object Tracking - Ochotona curzoniae - Target and background Classification code: 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 933 Solid State Physics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.004 Database: Compendex
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