2023年第2期共收录47篇

1. Orchard Obstacle Detection Based on D2-YOLO Deblurring Recognition Network

Accession number: 20232114122215

Title of translation: D2-YOLO

Authors: Cai, Shuping (1); Pan, Wenhao (1); Liu, Hui (1); Zeng, Xiao (1); Sun, Zhongming (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Corresponding author: Liu, Hui(amity@ujs.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 284-292

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of camera shake and relative motion of objects leading to blurred detection images during target detection in orchards, a D2 - YOLO one-stage deblurring recognition deep network that combined the DeblurGAN - v2 deblurring network and the YOLOv5s target detection network was proposed. It was used to detect and identify obstacles in orchard blurred scene images. To reduce the number of parameters of the fusion model and improve the detection speed, firstly the standard convolution used in the YOLOv5s backbone network with a deep separable convolution was replaced, then CIoU_Loss was used as the bounding box regression loss function of prediction. The fusion network used the improved CSPDarknet as the backbone for feature extraction. After recovering the original natural information of the blurred image, it combined multi-scale features for model prediction. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, seven common obstacles in the real orchard settings were selected as the target detection objects, based on the chassis of the crawler mobile robot, the BUNKER was equipped with portable computers, cameras and other equipment to form a mobile platform for image acquisition, and the model training and testing were carried out on the Pytorch deep learning framework. The precision and recall rates of the proposed D2 - YOLO deblurring detection network were 91. 33% and 89. 12%, respectively, which were 1. 36 percentage points and 2. 7 percentage points higher than that of the step-by-step training DeblurGAN - v2 +YOLOv5s. Compared with YOLOv5s, there was an increase of 9. 54 percentage points and 9. 99 percentage points in precision and recall rates, which can meet the accuracy and real-time requirements of orchard robot obstacle deblurring recognition. The research result can provide a reference for obstacle detection of agricultural robots in orchard in the later stage. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Agricultural robots

Controlled terms: Cameras? - ?Convolution? - ?Deep learning? - ?Image enhancement? - ?Image fusion? - ?Microcomputers? - ?Object detection? - ?Orchards

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural robot? - ?Agricultural robot in orchard? - ?Blurred image? - ?D2 - YOLO? - ?Deblurring? - ?Detection networks? - ?Fusion network? - ?Obstacles detection? - ?Percentage points? - ?Targets detection

Classification code: 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering? - ?716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?722.4 Digital Computers and Systems? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?731.5 Robotics? - ?742.2 Photographic Equipment? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.20E+01%, Percentage 3.30E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.029

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

2. Diagnosis Method of Rice Nitrogen Deficiency Based on UAV Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

Accession number: 20232114129484

Title of translation:

Authors: Xu, Tongyu (1, 2); Bai, Juchi (1); Guo, Zhonghui (1); Jin, Zhongyu (1); Yu, Fenghua (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) Liaoning Agricultural Informatization Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang; 110866, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 189-197

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Nitrogen (N) deficiency can directly reflect the degree of crop N nutrient deficiency, and it is important to obtain the information of rice N deficiency quickly and in a large area to achieve accurate fertilization of rice. Most of the existing studies focused on the use of UAV remote sensing to monitor rice N nutrition, and less research was conducted on N deficiency itself. Based on the canopy spectral data obtained by UAV hyperspectral remote sensing and rice agronomic data obtained by field sampling, the method of constructing the critical nitrogen concentration curve of northeastern rice was studied, and the nitrogen deficit of rice on this basis was determined; the spectrum in the state of nitrogen deficit approximately equal to 0 was used as the standard spectrum, and ratio, difference and normalized difference transformations on the spectral reflectance data were carried out respectively, and then the competitive adaptive re-weighting sampling method was used to the inversion models of rice nitrogen deficit based on the multivariable linear regression (MLR), extreme learning machineELMand the bat algorithm optimized extreme learning machineBA-ELM were constructed by taking the extracted feature bands as input variables and the nitrogen deficit as output variables. The results showed that the equation coefficients a and b of the critical nitrogen concentration curve of northeastern rice were 2.026 and -0.4603, respectively, based on field data, which were consistent with previous studies; compared with other transformation methods, the normalized difference transformation and feature band extraction of the rice canopy spectrum significantly improved the correlation between the canopy spectral reflectance and rice nitrogen deficit, and also improved the inversion of the subsequent inversion model. The BA-ELM inversion model with normalized difference spectra as input predicted significantly better than the rest of the models, with the validation set R2 of 0.8306RMSE of 0.8141kg/hm2, which had better estimation of N deficit. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Reflection

Controlled terms: Curve fitting? - ?Knowledge acquisition? - ?Learning algorithms? - ?Linear transformations? - ?Machine learning? - ?Metadata? - ?Nitrogen? - ?Regression analysis? - ?Remote sensing? - ?Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Uncontrolled terms: Algorithms optimizations? - ?Bat algorithm optimization? - ?Bat algorithms? - ?Extreme learning machine? - ?HyperSpectral? - ?Learning machines? - ?N deficiencies? - ?Nitrogen deficit? - ?Rice? - ?UAV remote sensing

Classification code: 652.1 Aircraft, General? - ?723.4 Artificial Intelligence? - ?723.4.2 Machine Learning? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?921.3 Mathematical Transformations? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Mass 8.141E-01kg

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.018

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

3. Water and Heat Transfer and Its Response to Environmental Factors in Drip Irrigated Purple Potato Field with Film Mulching

Accession number: 20232114122287

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Youliang (1); Li, Duo (1); Feng, Shaoyuan (1); Wang, Fengxin (2); Hu, Yingjie (1); Wang, Zhaohui (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225009, China; (2) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 330-340

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Drip irrigation with film mulching has been widely used in crop cultivation. Film mulching can change surface optical properties, including reflectance, absorption, and emissivity, which will affect the energy distribution in the farmland. It is necessary to study the water and heat transport and its influence factors in drip irrigated field with film mulching. The quantification of water and heat transfer process of the farmland is of great significance for agricultural water management and irrigation schedule formulation. Based on the measured data with Bowen ratio system and meteorological station, the water and heat flux variation and its response to environmental factors were studied in drip irrigated purple potato field with film mulching. The results indicated that latent heat flux was the main part of energy expenditure in drip irrigated purple potato field with film mulching during the whole growth period. Sensible heat flux and soil heat flux accounted for a relatively small proportion. During the whole growth period, the proportion of latent heat flux, sensible heat flux and soil heat flux was 69. 12%, 25. 14% and 6. 57%, respectively. Under different weather conditions, the magnitude and range of sensible heat flux were smaller than that of latent heat flux. Latent heat flux had the most significant response to rainfall and irrigation. The influence of rainfall on latent heat flux was greater than that of irrigation. Net radiation and air temperature had great impact on latent heat flux, while the effects of surface soil temperature and wind speed had low impact. Various environmental factors affected the latent heat flux directly or indirectly. The research results can deepen the understanding of water and heat transfer in drip irrigated purple potato farmland under film mulching, and provide theoretical basis for efficient water use of crops. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 59

Main heading: Irrigation

Controlled terms: Crops? - ?Cultivation? - ?Farms? - ?Heat flux? - ?Heat transfer? - ?Latent heat? - ?Optical properties? - ?Radiation effects? - ?Rain? - ?Soils ? - ?Water management? - ?Wind

Uncontrolled terms: Environmental factors? - ?Film mulching? - ?Flux observation? - ?Flux observation system? - ?Growth period? - ?Latent heat flux? - ?Observation systems? - ?Purple potato farmland? - ?Sensible heat flux? - ?Water and heat fluxes

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties? - ?443.3 Precipitation? - ?483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?641.1 Thermodynamics? - ?641.2 Heat Transfer? - ?741.1 Light/Optics? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.20E+01%, Percentage 1.40E+01%, Percentage 5.70E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.034

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

4. Design and Experiment of Conical-disc Push Plate Double-row Fertilizer Apparatus for Side-deep Fertilization in Paddy Field

Accession number: 20232114129655

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Jinfeng (1); Fu, Zuodong (1); Weng, Wuxiong (1); Wang, Zhentao (1); Wang, Jinwu (1); Yang, Dongze (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Jinwu(jinwuw@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 53-106

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to improve the stability and uniformity of paddy field side deep fertilizing and discharging apparatus, enhance the ability of fertilizer regulation, and ensure the efficiency and quality of paddy field side deep fertilizing apparatus, a kind of conical-disc and push plate double-row fertilizer apparatus was designed according to the agronomic requirements of paddy field fertilizing in Heilongjiang Province. The working principle of the fertilizer apparatus was described, the mechanical models of different stages of fertilizer were constructed, and the structural parameters and critical speed were determined. The influence of the number of push plates on the fertilizer filling capacity and fertilizer discharge performance was simulated and analyzed by using the discrete element software EDEM. It was concluded that when the number of push plates was 8, the fertilizer discharge apparatus had the best fertilizer discharge performance. The full factor test method was used to carry out the bench test of the fertilizer discharge capacity and performance of the fertilizer apparatus under the condition that the rotating speed of the conical disc ranged from 15r/min to 45r/min and the opening of the fertilizer discharge port ranged from 5mm to 25mm. The results showed that the range of fertilizer discharge was 122~934kg/hm2, which had a high linear correlation with the rotating speed of conical-disc and the opening of fertilizer discharge port, and had the highest correlation with the rotating speed of conical disc. The variation coefficients of consistency of double row fertilizer discharge, stability of total fertilizer discharge and uniformity of fertilizer discharge ranged from 1.01% to 3.88%, 1.05% to 3.81% and 6.64% to 15.79%, respectively. The maximum variation coefficients of consistency of double row fertilizer discharge under the inclined state of fertilizer apparatus was 6.17%. The experimental results met the requirements of paddy field side deep fertilization performance. The research result may provide a reference for the implementation of paddy field side deep fertilization technology and the design of disc fertilizer apparatus. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Fertilizers

Controlled terms: Plates (structural components)? - ?Rotating machinery

Uncontrolled terms: Discharge performance? - ?Discharge port? - ?Double rows? - ?Fertilisation? - ?Paddy? - ?Paddy fields? - ?Push plate fertilizer apparatus? - ?Rotating speed? - ?Side deep fertilization? - ?Variation coefficient

Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes? - ?601.1 Mechanical Devices? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?821.2 Agricultural Chemicals

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 2.505E-01rad/s to 7.515E-01rad/s, Mass 1.22E+02kg to 9.34E+02kg, Percentage 1.01E+00% to 3.88E+00%, Percentage 1.05E+00% to 3.81E+00%, Percentage 6.17E+00%, Percentage 6.64E+00% to 1.579E+01%, Size 5.00E-03m to 2.50E-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.005

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

5. Design and Experiment of Side Deep Hole Fertilization Device for Rapeseed

Accession number: 20232114129592

Title of translation:

Authors: Liao, Qingxi (1, 2); Chen, Yong (1, 2); Zhang, Qingsong (1, 2); Wang, Lei (1, 2); Lin, Jianxin (1, 2); Du, Wenbin (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong AgriculturaI University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in M id-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 41-52

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizers, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers applied, and realize fertilization in the root zone of rapeseed, combined with agronomic requirements for rapeseed sowing and fertilization, the side deep hole fertilization process for rapeseed was proposed, and a kind of mechanical hole fertilization device was designed. The working process of the hole fertilization device was explained, the basic parameters of the device were determined through theoretical analysis, the mechanical models of fertilizer particle group in fertilizer filling and feeding zone were established, and the main influencing factors affecting its fertilizer distribution performance were determined. The discrete element software EDEM was used to carry out a simulation analysis on the fertilizer distribution performance of the fertilizer point-applied device, and the influence of rotation speed of fertilizer feeding unit, length of fertilizer hole and fertilizer tube on the error of hole fertilizer amount and the fertilizer distribution long axis was studied. The optimized result showed that when the fertilizer feeding unit speed, the length of the fertilizer hole and the fertilizer tube were 60r/min, 18mm and ABS fertilizer tube, respectively, the error of hole fertilizer amount and the fertilizer distribution long axis were 7.05% and 62.45mm, respectively. The bench test showed that under the conditions of rotation speed of fertilizer feeding unit of 30~90r/min, the error of the hole fertilizer amount was 4.56%~15.69%, the fertilizer distribution long axis was 76.32~91.50mm, the stability coefficient of fertilizer distribution long axis was 4.53%~9.78% and the error of fertilizer pointed distance was 3.24%~7.31%, respectively. Field test results showed that when the fertilizer feeding unit was 30~90r/min, the error of the hole fertilizer amount was 4.73%~16.07%, the fertilizer distribution long axis was 85.21~101.65mm, the coefficient of variation of the fertilizer distribution long axis stability was 4.82%~10.63%, the error of the fertilizer pointed distance was 3.36%~7.58% and the stability coefficient of fertilization depth was 6.43%~10.85%, respectively. The cavitation performance was well, and it met the requirements of hole fertilization. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Errors

Controlled terms: Computer software? - ?Feeding? - ?Fertilizers? - ?Oilseeds

Uncontrolled terms: Deep holes? - ?Discharge devices? - ?Discrete-element simulations? - ?Fertilisation? - ?Fertilizer discharge device? - ?Hole fertilization? - ?Long axis? - ?Rapesed? - ?Side deep fertilization

Classification code: 691.2 Materials Handling Methods? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?821.2 Agricultural Chemicals? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 1.002E+00rad/s, Angular velocity 5.01E-01rad/s to 1.503E+00rad/s, Percentage 1.063E+01%, Percentage 1.085E+01%, Percentage 1.569E+01%, Percentage 1.607E+01%, Percentage 3.24E+00%, Percentage 3.36E+00%, Percentage 4.53E+00%, Percentage 4.56E+00%, Percentage 4.73E+00%, Percentage 4.82E+00%, Percentage 6.43E+00%, Percentage 7.05E+00%, Percentage 7.31E+00%, Percentage 7.58E+00%, Percentage 9.78E+00%, Size 1.80E-02m, Size 6.245E-02m, Size 7.632E-02m to 9.15E-02m, Size 8.521E-02m to 1.0165E-01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.004

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

6. Design and Test of Fertilizer Flow Piecewise PID Control System of Fertilizer Planter

Accession number: 20232114129438

Title of translation: PID

Authors: Wang, Hui (1, 2); Liu, Yihao (1, 2); Zhou, Liming (1, 2); Zhou, Haiyan (1, 2); Niu, Kang (1, 2); Xu, Minghan (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Group Co.Ltd., Beijing; 100083, China; (2) National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Technology, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Zhou, Liming(haiboll29@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 32-40

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Fertilization stability is an important index to evaluate the performance of variable rate fertilization system. In order to solve the problem that the precision of fertilization is reduced due to obvious fluctuation during fertilizer discharge with external trough wheel type fertilizer drainer. A piecewise- PID control method using fertilizer flow rate as feedback value was proposed. And a high-precision fertilizer flow control system of fertilizer planter was designed. The system regarded the real-time fertilizer flow value collected by the fertilizer flow detection module as the feedback value of the fertilizer flow controller in the vehicle terminal. Controller calculated output based on target and real-time fertilizer flow, and sent to fertilizer motor through USB to CAN module. Accurate control of fertilizer flow rate was realized. Fertilizer application test stand was built. Mathematical model between fertilizer and accumulative value of capacitance was established and validated. The results showed that the maximum measurement error of sensor was 1.20% when using this model, which met the requirement of fertilizer flow detection. Indoor bench test on response of fertilizer flow rate change and fertilization accuracy was carried out. The results showed that the response time of the fertilizer flow control system was 1.42s, mean value was 0.98s, maximum overshoot value was 3.49%, mean value was 2.82%, maximum steady-state error was 0.89%, mean value was 0.64%, minimum fertilization accuracy was 97.83%, and mean value was 98.14%. Under different test conditions, the accuracy of fertilizer flow control and fertilization of fertilizer flow control system was better than that of constant speed system. Field tests showed that at vehicle speeds of 4km/h, 6km/h and 8km/h, the accuracy of fertilizer application rate of fertilizer flow control system was 97.84%, 97.78% and 97.82% respectively, and the average accuracy of fertilizer application rate was 97.81%, and the standard deviation was 0.28%, which met the requirements of fertilizer application accuracy of fertilizer system. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Fertilizers

Controlled terms: Controllers? - ?Feedback? - ?Flow control? - ?Flow rate? - ?Three term control systems

Uncontrolled terms: Detection modules? - ?Fertilisation? - ?Fertilizer flow detection module? - ?Flow control system? - ?Flow detection? - ?Negative feedback of fertilizer flow rate? - ?PID Algorithm? - ?Piece-wise? - ?Piecewise PID algorithm? - ?Variable rate fertilization

Classification code: 631 Fluid Flow? - ?631.1 Fluid Flow, General? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?731.3 Specific Variables Control? - ?732.1 Control Equipment? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?821.2 Agricultural Chemicals? - ?943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.20E+00%, Percentage 2.80E-01%, Percentage 2.82E+00%, Percentage 3.49E+00%, Percentage 6.40E-01%, Percentage 8.90E-01%, Percentage 9.778E+01%, Percentage 9.781E+01%, Percentage 9.782E+01%, Percentage 9.783E+01%, Percentage 9.784E+01%, Percentage 9.814E+01%, Size 4.00E+03m, Size 6.00E+03m, Size 8.00E+03m, Time 1.42E+00s, Time 9.80E-01s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.003

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

7. Extraction and Management of Coastal Aquaculture Ponds in Zhejiang Province Based on Sentinel-1 SAR Images

Accession number: 20232114129588

Title of translation: Sentinel-1

Authors: Cai, Danfeng (1); Hu, Qiuguang (2, 3); Wei, Xinyi (2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China; (2) Ningbo University, Donghai Academy, Ningbo; 315211, China; (3) Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China

Corresponding author: Hu, Qiuguang(huqiuguang@nbu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 169-188

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The construction of coastal aquaculture ponds has huge economic benefits and is of great significance to ensuring the supply of seafood and enriching the food diversity of residents. The rapid expansion of aquaculture ponds will also bring about a huge environmental crisis, so effectively revealing the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of aquaculture ponds is crucial for orderly management of coastal aquaculture ponds. However, aquaculture ponds are mostly distributed on the side of tidal flats with tortuous coastlines and close to the ocean. It is challenging to identify aquaculture ponds effectively and with high precision. In response to this problem, an aquaculture ponds identification method that combined Google Earth Engine cloud platform and ArcGIS local classification post-processing was proposed. Based on water body frequency, object characteristics and fine processing, the spatial distribution of coastal aquaculture ponds in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2021 with high precision was obtained. The results showed that the overall accuracy of the aquaculture ponds was greater than 93%, and the Kappa coefficient was greater than 82%, indicating that the research method showed good applicability. The area of coastal aquaculture ponds in Zhejiang Province tended to decrease in 2016, 2019 and 2021, which was 30360.60hm2, 24375.35hm2 and 21700.02hm2, respectively. The prefecture-level cities of aquaculture ponds were concentrated in Ningbo, Taizhou, Shaoxing and Hangzhou, and the counties were concentrated in Cixi, Ninghai, Sanmen, Xiaoshan, Shangyu and Xiangshan. The agglomeration of aquaculture ponds in Zhejiang Province was decreased, and they were concentrated in bays, estuaries, coastal plains and tidal flats, such as Hangzhou Bay, Xiangshan Port, Sanmen Bay, Puba Port and Yueqing Bay. The spatial differences of aquaculture ponds were prominent, that in the sea side was larger than that in the land side, and that in the north was larger than that in the south. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Lakes

Controlled terms: Aquaculture? - ?Concentration (process)? - ?Engines? - ?Ponds? - ?Wetlands

Uncontrolled terms: Aquaculture ponds? - ?Coastal aquaculture? - ?Google earth engine? - ?Google earths? - ?High-precision? - ?Sentinel-1? - ?Sentinel-1 image? - ?Spatiotemporal feature? - ?Tidal flat? - ?Zhejiang Province

Classification code: 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.20E+01%, Percentage 9.30E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.016

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

8. Monitoring of Spraying Behavior in Orchard Based on Interaction of Human Posture Estimation and Scenes

Accession number: 20232114129515

Title of translation:

Authors: Song, Huaibo (1, 2); Han, Mengxuan (1, 2); Wang, Yunfei (1, 2); Song, Lei (1, 2); Chen, Chunkun (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest a and F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 63-72

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Pesticide spraying in orchard is an important inspection content of fruit quality and safety, and the reliable record of pesticide spraying behavior is an important part of fruit traceability system. Aiming at solving the problem that it was difficult to accurately grasp the real situation of pesticide application in the farmer professional cooperatives during the fruit planting in China, monitoring of the spraying behavior in orchard based on the interaction of human posture estimation and scenes was proposed. Firstly, the fine tuned YOLO v5 model was used to complete the precise detection of sprayers and fruit tree targets, and the features of scene interaction were extracted. Then, the OpenPose model was used to recognize human skeleton and extract human posture features. Finally, the distance and angle of the above features were calculated respectively, and fused into 11244 sets of feature vectors, which were trained by the SVM model to complete the detection of orchard spraying behavior. In order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, totally 92 videos with different illuminations, different distances, different numbers of people and different occlusion degrees were tested. The results showed that the ACC of the algorithm was 85.66%, the MAE was 42.53%, the RMSE was 44.59%, the RMSEP was 44.34% and the RPD was 1.56. Simultaneously, the effectiveness of spraying behavior recognition in orchard was validated under different illuminations, occlusions, distance change and single spraying among multiple people. Experimental results showed that it was feasible to apply the model to the detection of orchard spraying behavior. The research result could provide technical reference for the standardization and reliability of orchard management in the fruit traceability system. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 24

Main heading: Orchards

Controlled terms: Behavioral research? - ?Feature extraction? - ?Fruits? - ?Pesticides

Uncontrolled terms: Behaviour recognition? - ?Fruit quality? - ?Fruit traceability? - ?Human posture estimation? - ?Monitoring of spraying behavior? - ?Pesticide spraying? - ?Posture estimation? - ?Quality and safeties? - ?Scene interactions? - ?Traceability systems

Classification code: 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering? - ?803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.253E+01%, Percentage 4.434E+01%, Percentage 4.459E+01%, Percentage 8.566E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.006

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

9. Trajectory Planning of Servo Press Based on Improved Composite Trigonometric Functions

Accession number: 20232114122157

Title of translation:

Authors: Xu, Daochun (1, 2); Lü, Mingqing (1, 2); Shao, Zhufeng (3, 4); Chen, Hanyu (3, 4); Hu, Yiwei (3, 4); Wang, Chuanying (5)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Equipment and Automation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China; (4) Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision/Ultra-precision Manufacturing Equipments and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China; (5) Jier Machine-Tool Group Co., Ltd., Ji’nan; 250022, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 450-458

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to make the servo pressure machine have good drawing performance, it is necessary to plan its trajectory reasonably. The six-link drive mechanism was dimensionally optimised in the previous work to improve the basic motion performance of the press, while the acceleration and deceleration control of the servo motor and the planning of the motion trajectory of the slider are required in order to give full play to the advantages of the high energy efficiency and high efficiency of the servo press. A trajectory planning method for the main drive mechanism was developed for a large six-link servo press. Firstly, a high-precision kinetic model of the main drive mechanism was established based on the “ Coulomb-viscous” friction model. Then, considering the process constraints and requirements in the stamping process, an improved model of servo motor acceleration and deceleration control based on composite trigonometric function was proposed. Finally, the energy consumption and efficiency of the main drive mechanism were analysed. Taking the periodic energy consumption and production beat of the slider movement as the optimization index, the multi-objective optimization function was constructed by linear weighting. The constraints such as manipulator feeding time, maximum speed of the slider, angular speed of the driving part, dynamic limit and thermal limit of the servo motor were introduced, and the multi-objective optimization design was completed by using genetic algorithm. The results showed that after optimization, the energy efficiency of the main transmission mechanism of the servo press in one cycle was increased by 4. 54%, the production beat time was reduced by 3. 23%, and a good drawing process mode was realized. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Multiobjective optimization

Controlled terms: Acceleration? - ?Energy efficiency? - ?Energy utilization? - ?Friction? - ?Genetic algorithms? - ?Presses (machine tools)? - ?Trajectories

Uncontrolled terms: ”coulomb-viscous” friction model? - ?Acceleration and deceleration control? - ?Drive mechanism? - ?Friction modeling? - ?Main drive? - ?Multi-objectives optimization? - ?Servo press? - ?Servo-motor? - ?Trajectory Planning? - ?Viscous friction

Classification code: 525.2 Energy Conservation? - ?525.3 Energy Utilization? - ?603.1 Machine Tools, General? - ?921.5 Optimization Techniques

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.30E+01%, Percentage 5.40E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.047

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

10. Detection Method of Pig Ear Root Temperature Based on Improved YOLO v4

Accession number: 20232114122226

Title of translation: YOLO v4

Authors: Liu, Gang (1, 2); Feng, Yankun (1, 2); Kang, Xi (3)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture Systems, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) School of Computing and Data Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo; 315200, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 240-248

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In the process of pig body temperature detection based on thermal infrared video, the head posture of pigs in the nursery period changes greatly, and the ear base area was small, resulting in low positioning accuracy of the head and ear base area, which affected the accurate detection of pig ear base temperature. In view of the above problems, an improved YOLO v4 (Mish Dense YOLO v4, MD-YOLO v4) method for detecting the temperature of pig ears was proposed and a detection model for key parts of pigs was built. Firstly, in the CSPDarknet - 53 backbone network, dense connection blocks were added to optimize feature transfer and reuse, and the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) module was integrated into the backbone network to further increase the backbone network receptive field; secondly, an improved path aggregation network (PANet) was introduced in the neck to shorten the high and low fusion paths of the multi-scale feature pyramid graph; finally, the Mish activation function was used in the backbone and neck of the network to further improve the detection accuracy of the method. The test results showed that the mAP of the model for the detection of key parts of live pigs was 95. 71%, which was 5. 39 percentage points and 6.43 percentage points higher than that of YOLO v5 and YOLO v4, respectively, and the detection speed was 60.21 f/s, which can meet the requirements of real-time detection. The average absolute errors of the left and right ear root temperature extraction of pigs in the thermal infrared video were 0. 26°C and 0. 21°C, respectively, and the average relative errors were 0.68% and 0.55%, respectively. The results showed that the pig ear root temperature detection method based on the improved YOLO v4 proposed can be applied to the accurate positioning of the key parts of pigs in thermal infrared video, thereby realizing the accurate detection of pig ear root temperature. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Infrared radiation

Controlled terms: Feature extraction? - ?Mammals

Uncontrolled terms: Back-bone network? - ?Densenet? - ?Detection methods? - ?Ear root temperature? - ?Key parts? - ?Percentage points? - ?Pig? - ?Temperature detection? - ?Thermal infrared videos? - ?YOLO v4

Classification code: 741.1 Light/Optics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 5.50E-01%, Percentage 6.80E-01%, Percentage 7.10E+01%, Temperature 2.94E+02K, Temperature 2.99E+02K

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.024

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

11. Near Infrared Spectroscopy Calibration Transfer Based on Parameter-free and Efficient Calibration Enhancement Algorithm

Accession number: 20232114122238

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Cuiling (1, 2); Xu, Jinyang (1, 2); Sun, Xiaorong (1, 2); Zhang, Shanzhe (1, 2); Zan, Jiarui (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing; 100048, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 396-402

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Calibration transfer can solve the problem that multivariate calibration models cannot be shared among different near-infrared spectrometers. Taking edible oil as the research object, transfer analysis of its acid value and peroxide value model was conducted. The partial least squares multivariate correction model was established on the master spectrometers, and the calibration transfer was realized by using the parameter-free and efficient calibration enhancement (PFCE) calibration transfer algorithm in NS - PFCE without standard sample transfer and FS - PFCE with standard sample transfer, and the dependence of calibration transfer on the number of standardization samples was explored. In addition, it was compared with three calibration transfer algorithms with standard sample, which were slope/bias (S/B), direct standardization (DS) and piecewise direct standardization (PDS), and two calibration transfer algorithms without standard sample, which were finite impulse response (FIR) and stability competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (SCARS). The results suggested that after the NS - PFCE without standard sample algorithm was transferred, the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of the acid value and peroxide value was decreased from 0. 613 mg/g and 16. 153 mmol/kg to 0. 275 mg/g and 9. 523 mmol/kg, respectively. Furthermore, after the FS - PFCE with standard sample algorithm was transferred, the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of the acid value and peroxide value was dropped to 0. 274 mg/g and 8. 945 mmol/kg, respectively. Specifically, the increase of the number of standardized samples, the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was lower. The parameter-free and efficient calibration enhancement (PFCE) algorithm combined a single transfer method without a standard sample and a standard sample, which enhanced the adaptability and inclusiveness of the transfer model. And PFCE algorithm effectively reduced the difference between the master spectrum and the slave spectrum, and also realized the calibration model sharing between different spectrometers. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Near infrared spectroscopy

Controlled terms: Errors? - ?Forecasting? - ?Impulse response? - ?Infrared devices? - ?Least squares approximations? - ?Mean square error? - ?Oils and fats? - ?Oxidation? - ?Parameter estimation? - ?Spectrometers

Uncontrolled terms: Acid value? - ?Calibration model? - ?Calibration transfer? - ?Efficient calibration enhancement? - ?Enhancement algorithms? - ?Parameter-free? - ?Peroxide value? - ?Root-mean-square error of predictions? - ?Spectra’s? - ?Standard samples

Classification code: 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems? - ?802.2 Chemical Reactions? - ?804.1 Organic Compounds? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Molar concentration 5.23E-01mol/m3, Molar concentration 9.45E-01mol/m3, null 2.74E+02null, null 2.75E+02null, null 6.13E+02null, Molar concentration 1.53E-01mol/m3 to 0.00E00mol/m3

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.041

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

12. Motion Planning of Harvesting Manipulator Based on VS-IRRT Algorithm

Accession number: 20232114129425

Title of translation: VS-IRRT

Authors: Xun, Yi (1); Li, Daozheng (1); Wang, Yong (2); Huang, Xuting (1); Wang, Zhiheng (1); Yang, Qinghua (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equiment and Advanced Processing Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou; 310023, China; (2) Zhejiang Aijia Food Co. Ltd., Quzhou; 324000, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Qinghua(zjutme@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 129-138

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of slow harvesting, an improved rapidly-exploring random trees with visual servoing (VS-IRRT) algorithm was proposed to solve the problems of slow path planning, high path cost and picking failure caused by visual positioning error and joint position error of manipulator in harvesting process. By using the sampling method based on super ellipsoid gravity bias and density reduction strategy, the purpose of tree expansion was increased, the sampling density of tree was reduced and the efficiency of path planning was improved. The greedy idea and B-spline curve were introduced to eliminate unnecessary nodes, and the remaining polyline were smoothed to optimize the implementation effect of the path on the manipulator. Combined with visual servoing control based on translation controller, the influence of positioning error on harvesting process was reduced. Matlab was used to simulate the improved RRT algorithm and the visual servo based on translation controller in two-dimensional and three-dimensional space. The results showed that the number of sampling points of the improved RRT algorithm was reduced by 92.9% compared with that of RRT?-connect algorithm, the planning time was reduced by 86.1% compared with that of RRT?-connect algorithm, and the path cost was reduced by 35.2% compared with that of RRT algorithm. Using six degrees of freedom manipulator for harvesting test, the harvesting speed of VS-IRRT algorithm was increased by 48.36% compared with that of RRT?-connect algorithm, the path cost was reduced by 17.14% compared with that of RRT algorithm, and the harvesting success rate was increased by 2.1 percentage points, therefore, in specific application scenarios, especially in agricultural harvesting scenarios, VS-IRRT algorithm can better improve the comprehensive performance of manipulator harvesting. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Motion planning

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Cost reduction? - ?Curve fitting? - ?Degrees of freedom (mechanics)? - ?Errors? - ?Harvesting? - ?Manipulators? - ?MATLAB? - ?Robot programming? - ?Visual servoing

Uncontrolled terms: Harvesting manipulator? - ?Improved RRT? - ?Motion-planning? - ?Position errors? - ?Positioning error? - ?Rapidly-exploring random trees? - ?Sampling method? - ?Visual positioning? - ?Visual-servoing? - ?VS-IRRT algorithm

Classification code: 723.1 Computer Programming? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?731.5 Robotics? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods? - ?931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.714E+01%, Percentage 3.52E+01%, Percentage 4.836E+01%, Percentage 8.61E+01%, Percentage 9.29E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.012

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

13. Design and Experiment of Roller Group Type Potato Soil Separator for Potato Harvester

Accession number: 20232114129562

Title of translation:

Authors: Yang, Ranbing (1, 2); Tian, Guangbo (1); Shang, Shuqi (1); Wang, Bingjun (3); Zhang, Jian (1); Zhai, Yuming (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 2661 09, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou; 570228, China; (3) Jiaozhou Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Qingdao; 266109, China

Corresponding author: Shang, Shuqi(sqshang@qau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 107-118

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of high potato damage rate, low soil removal rate, single structure and inconvenient adjustment of the separation device of the traditional potato harvester, a left and right spiral symmetrical soil removal roller and adjustable type made of polyurethane material were designed. The smooth rollers were alternately arranged and combined in the potato harvester roller group conveying and separating device. Through the dynamic analysis of the machine body structure, the coupling mechanism analysis of potato-soil separation and the discrete analysis of the collision between potatoes in the soil removal process, the key factors affecting the potato damage rate and soil removal rate of the roller-type conveying and separating device of the potato harvester were determined. And it was tested, taking the potato damage rate and soil removal rate as the test index, taking the distance between the soil removal roller and the smooth roller, the rotation speed and the inclination angle of the conveying separation device as the experimental factors, a mathematical regression model was established for the orthogonal test results, and a response surface analysis was carried out. Through analysis and parametric analysis, it was determined that when the distance between the soil removal roller and the smooth roller was 16.5mm, the speed of the soil removal roller was 100r/min, the speed of the smooth roller was 100r/min, and the inclination angle of the separation device was 8°, the damage potato rate was 0.64%, and soil removal rate was 97.1%. Compared with the traditional potato harvester separation device, the potato damage rate was decreased by 0.12 percentage points, and the soil removal rate was increased by 2.6 percentage points. The device can meet the requirements of conveying separation. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 23

Main heading: Conveying

Controlled terms: Factor analysis? - ?Harvesters? - ?Regression analysis? - ?Rollers (machine components)? - ?Soils? - ?Surface analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Conveying and separating device? - ?Damage rate? - ?Inclination angles? - ?Potato harvesters? - ?Removal efficiencies? - ?Removal rate? - ?Roller group type? - ?Separation devices? - ?Soil removal? - ?Soil removal efficiency

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?601.2 Machine Components? - ?692.1 Conveyors? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 1.67E+00rad/s, Percentage 6.40E-01%, Percentage 9.71E+01%, Size 1.65E-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.010

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

14. Estimation Method of Leaf Disease Severity of Cucumber Based on Mixed Dilated Convolution and Attention Mechanism

Accession number: 20232114122204

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Kaiyu (1); Zhu, Xinyi (1); Ma, Juncheng (2); Zhang, Lingxian (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Lingxian(zhanglx@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 231-239

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Automatic and accurate estimation of disease severity is critical for disease management and yield loss prediction. Traditional disease severity estimation steps are complicated and inefficient, which makes it challenging to achieve accurate estimation in practical scenarios. A disease severity estimation method was proposed based on mixed dilated convolution and attention mechanism to improve UNet (MA - UNet). Firstly, to solve the problem of different sizes and irregular shapes of lesions, the mixed dilation convolution block (MDCB) was proposed to increase the receptive field and maintain the continuity of lesion information to improve the accuracy of lesion segmentation. Secondly, to overcome the influence of complex background, the attention mechanism (AM) was used to model the correlation between the spatial and channel dimensions. It can obtain the response within each pixel class and the dependency between channels to alleviate the background’s influence on network learning. Finally, the ratio of diseased lesion pixels to leaf pixels in the disease segmentation map was calculated to obtain the severity. It was validated based on cucumber downy mildew and powdery mildew images collected under field conditions and compared with fully convolutional network (FCN), SegNet, UNet, PSPNet, FPN, and DeepLabV3 +. MA - UNet can meet the segmentation requirements of leaves and lesions in complex environments, with a mean intersection over union 84.97% and a value of frequency-weighted intersection over union value of 93. 95%. Moreover, it can accurately estimate the severity of cucumber leaf diseases, the correlation coefficient was 0. 965 4, and the RMSE was 1. 083 7%. The results showed that MA - UNet outperformed the comparison methods in refining lesion segmentation and accurately estimating disease severity. The research result can provide a reference for artificial intelligence to estimate and control disease severity in agriculture rapidly. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Convolution

Controlled terms: Complex networks? - ?Disease control? - ?Fungi? - ?Pixels? - ?Semantic Segmentation? - ?Semantics

Uncontrolled terms: Accurate estimation? - ?Attention mechanisms? - ?Automatic estimation? - ?Cucumber disease? - ?Dilation convolution? - ?Disease severity? - ?Estimation methods? - ?Leaf disease? - ?Lesion segmentations? - ?Semantic segmentation

Classification code: 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?722 Computer Systems and Equipment? - ?723.4 Artificial Intelligence

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 7.00E+00%, Percentage 8.497E+01%, Percentage 9.50E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.023

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

15. Identification of Winter Wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain Based on Multi-source Optical Radar Data Fusion

Accession number: 20232114129506

Title of translation:

Authors: Feng, Quanlong (1, 2); Ren, Yan (1); Yao, Xiaochuang (1, 2); Niu, Bowen (1); Chen, Boan (1); Zhao, Yuanyuan (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Quality Monitoring and Control, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100193, China

Corresponding author: Yao, Xiaochuang(yxc@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 160-168

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Current remote sensing technology can quickly and accurately obtain the spatial distribution information of crops. In order to explore the spatial distribution information of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in 2021, based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. Sentinel-1 SAR radar image and Sentienl-2 optical remote sensing image were used as data sources, the spatial distribution information of winter wheat in the study area was extracted by computing polarization characteristics, spectral characteristics and texture characteristics, using four machine learning methods and deep learning network model. The classification accuracy of each classifier and network architecture was compared. The results showed that the total area of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was 16226667hm2, accounting for 49.17% of total area of the study area. The winter wheat planting area was the largest in Henan Province, accounting for 4647334hm2. The winter wheat planting distribution in the study area showed a decreasing trend from east to west and from south to north. Random forest was the classifier with the highest recognition accuracy among the four machine learning methods, with an overall classification accuracy of 94.30%. In the random forest algorithm, the overall accuracy of only using Sentinel-1 radar data was 87.38%, and the overall accuracy of only using Sentinel-2 optical data was 93.95%, while the overall accuracy of the fusion sequence Sentinel active and passive remote sensing data was 94.30%. In a wide range of winter wheat classification, the generalization of deep learning model was higher than that of machine learning. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Engines

Controlled terms: Backscattering? - ?Data fusion? - ?Deep learning? - ?Forestry? - ?Image classification? - ?Learning systems? - ?Network architecture? - ?Optical remote sensing? - ?Radar imaging? - ?Spatial distribution ? - ?Synthetic aperture radar? - ?Textures

Uncontrolled terms: Deep learning? - ?Google earth engine? - ?Google earths? - ?Machine-learning? - ?Multi-source data fusion? - ?Multisource data? - ?Remote sensing imagery? - ?Remote sensing imagery classification? - ?Study areas? - ?Winter wheat

Classification code: 405.3 Surveying? - ?461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering? - ?716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?741.3 Optical Devices and Systems? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?902.1 Engineering Graphics? - ?921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.917E+01%, Percentage 8.738E+01%, Percentage 9.395E+01%, Percentage 9.43E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.015

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

16. Sliding Mode Control for HMCVT Shifting Clutch Pressure Tracking Based on Expanded Observer

Accession number: 20232114122237

Title of translation: HMCVT

Authors: Lu, Kai (1); Wang, Lin (2); Lu, Zhixiong (1); Zhou, Huadong (1); Qian, Jin (1); Zhao, Yirong (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Power System of Tractor, Luoyang; 471039, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 410-418

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To eliminate the deviation between the actual pressure and the expected pressure of the shifting clutch of hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT) during the pressure tracking control process, a global terminal sliding mode control algorithm based on extended observer was proposed to achieve the high-precision tracking control of the pressure. By establishing the nonlinear mathematical model of wet clutch with uncertain disturbance, the state space equation of pressure control system was derived. The mismatched disturbance was estimated by extended observer, the linear term was introduced to accelerate the global convergence of terminal sliding mode control. Then a global terminal sliding mode pressure tracking controller based on extended observer was designed for HMCVT shifting clutch pressure system in real time. Finally, the effect of the controller was simulated and verified by bench test. The simulation and test results showed that the uncertain disturbance can be accurately observed by the extended observer. Compared with the traditional TSMC, the dynamic response time was only 0. 13 s, the overshoot was only 0.08 MPa, and no chattering phenomenon occurred for the proposed algorithm. In addition, the control algorithm had good performance anti-interference capability, which was reflected by the smallest jerk (reduced by 12. 7% at most) and sliding friction work (reduced by 10. 2% at most). The results proved that pressure tracking control algorithm proposed had good robustness, and it can be applied to pressure tracking control of HMCVT shifting clutch. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Sliding mode control

Controlled terms: Clutches? - ?Controllers? - ?Equations of state? - ?Navigation? - ?Nonlinear equations? - ?Transmissions

Uncontrolled terms: Clutch pressure? - ?Continuously variable transmission? - ?Extended observer? - ?Global terminal sliding mode control? - ?Hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission? - ?Hydraulic mechanicals? - ?Pressure tracking? - ?Shifting clutch? - ?Terminal sliding mode control? - ?Tracking controls

Classification code: 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?732.1 Control Equipment

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.00E+00%, Percentage 7.00E+00%, Pressure 8.00E+04Pa, Time 1.30E+01s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.043

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

17. Topology and Performance Analysis of 2T1R Parallel Mechanism with Zero Coupling Degree and Motion Decoupling

Accession number: 20232114122116

Title of translation: 2T1R

Authors: Shen, Huiping (1); Zhu, Chenyang (1); Li, Ju (1); Li, Tao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Research Center of Advanced Mechanism, Changzhou University, Changzhou; 213016, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 419-429

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: According to the theory and method of topological structure design of parallel mechanism (PM) based on position and orientation characteristic (POC) equation, a 3 - DOF asymmetric two-translation and one-rotation (2T1R) PM with zero coupling-degree and partial motion decoupling was firstly designed and analyzed, including the topological design process of the PM, and the main topological characteristics such as the degree-of-freedom and coupling degree k. Secondly, according to the kinematic modeling method based on topological characteristics, the forward and inverse solutions of symbolic positions were found, from which the working space calculation of the PM was carried out based on the forward solution. At the same time, the position inverse equation was derived to obtain the Jacobian matrix of the PM, from which the velocity, acceleration and singularity of the PM were derived. Thirdly, the sequential single-chain method based on the principle of virtual work was used to carry out reverse dynamic modeling, and the driving force change curve of the actuated pair of the PM was obtained, the supporting reaction force of the kinematic pair at the sub-kinematic chain (SKC) connection were also obtained, which were then verified by ADAMS dynamic simulation. Finally, the potential application scenarios of this mechanism used as automatic material transfer and unloading device between conveyor belts with different heights were conceptually designed and analyzed. The research result can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient kinematics, dynamic modeling and analysis, performance optimization and prototype development of the two-branch parallel mechanism with larger rotation space and partial motion decoupling. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 13

Main heading: Jacobian matrices

Controlled terms: Acceleration? - ?Belt conveyors? - ?Degrees of freedom (mechanics)? - ?Design? - ?Inverse problems? - ?Kinematics? - ?Rotation? - ?Topology? - ?Unloading

Uncontrolled terms: Coupling degree? - ?Dynamics models? - ?Motion decoupling? - ?Parallel mechanisms? - ?Performances analysis? - ?Topological characteristics? - ?Topological design? - ?Topological features? - ?Topology analysis? - ?Virtual-work principles

Classification code: 691.2 Materials Handling Methods? - ?692.1 Conveyors? - ?921.1 Algebra? - ?921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory? - ?931.1 Mechanics

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.044

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

18. Review on Crop Type Identification and Yield Forecasting Using Remote Sensing

Accession number: 20232114129545

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhao, Longcai (1); Li, Fenling (1); Chang, Qingrui (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest a and F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Corresponding author: Chang, Qingrui(changqr@nwsuaf.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 1-19

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Remote sensing is of unique advantages in quickly obtaining and analyzing information such as crop types, planting areas, and yields duo to its rapid, macroscopic, non-destructive and objective observing characteristics. The crop spatial distribution map, planting area, and yield information extracted or interpreted by remote sensing can serve many agricultural applications such as resource supervision, information census, insurance and investment, and precision agriculture. The research status, problems and future potential research directions of crop type identification and yield estimation using remote sensing were summarized. Firstly, the research status of crop type identification was summarized from aspects of identification features and classification models. In view of the core problem of the lack of crop-wised identification feature knowledge, deep learning methods were proposed to be used to collaboratively learn the feature of “temporal-spatial-spectrum” in the process of crop growth, and finally a knowledge graph for crop remote sensing identification was constructed, so as to solve the problems, identification accuracy and identification efficiency, that affected current crop type identification using remotely sensed imagery. Secondly, by summarizing characteristics of three types of crop yield estimation models (i.e., empirical statistical model, remote sensing photosynthesis model and crop growth model), highly integrating crop growth model and deep learning methods were proposed to forecast crop yield which may be a valuable potential solution in the future, under the circumstance of the popularization of high spatial, high spectral, and high temporal-resolution data and the development of deep learning technology. Because crop growth model was of strong mechanism and deep learning methods were capable of learning complex problems. In the future, crop growth models can be used for point-scale simulation to drive deep learning methods to build yield forecasting model in complex scenarios, and finally a yield estimation model was achieved which used growth mechanism as constraints and deep learning model as spatial extrapolation. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 197

Main heading: Crops

Controlled terms: Deep learning? - ?Digital storage? - ?Forecasting? - ?Learning systems? - ?Remote sensing

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural remote sensing? - ?Crop growth model? - ?Deep learning? - ?Learning methods? - ?Planting areas? - ?Remote-sensing? - ?Research status? - ?Type identification? - ?Yield estimation? - ?Yield forecasting

Classification code: 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering? - ?722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.001

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

19. UAV Field Obstacle Detection Based on Spatial Attention and Deformable Convolution

Accession number: 20232114122171

Title of translation:

Authors: Du, Xiaoqiang (1, 2); Li, Zhuolin (1); Ma, Zenghong (1, 2); Yang, Zhenhua (3); Wang, Dashuai (4, 5)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (3) Longquan Cuyuan Automation Equipment Co., Ltd., Longquan; 323700, China; (4) Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen; 518055, China; (5) Cuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen; 518055, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Dashuai(ds.wangl@siat.ac.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 275-283

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the traditional field obstacle recognition methods rely on manual feature extraction, long calculation time, and it’s difficult to achieve real-time recognition in unstructured field environment, an optimized unstructured field obstacle instance segmentation method based on Mask R - CNN model was proposed. Firstly, an unstructured field obstacle dataset was constructed by aerial photography and network search. And then based on the ResNet - 50 residual network, the spatial attention was introduced to focus on the significant apparent features of the tracking target, and the influence of useless features such as noise was suppressed. In addition, the deformable convolution was introduced into the structure of the ResNet-50 to add the offset, increase the receptive field and improve the robustness of the model. Comparative analysis was made by adding spatial attention and deformable convolution to different stages in the structure of ResNet-50. The results showed that compared with the original Mask R - CNN model, the mAP values of Bbox and Mask in Mask R - CNN improved by adding spatial attention and deformable convolution in Stage 2, Stage 3 and Stage 5 of the ResNet-50 were increased from 64. 5% and 56. 9% to 71. 3% and 62. 3%, respectively. The improved Mask R - CNN can well realize field obstacle detection and provide technical support for plant protection UAV to work safely and efficiently in unstructured field environment. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Convolution

Controlled terms: Aerial photography? - ?Aircraft detection? - ?Antennas? - ?Obstacle detectors? - ?Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Uncontrolled terms: Calculation time? - ?CNN models? - ?Deformable convolution? - ?Features extraction? - ?Mask R - CNN? - ?Obstacle of field? - ?Obstacle recognition? - ?Obstacles detection? - ?Recognition methods? - ?Spatial attention

Classification code: 652.1 Aircraft, General? - ?716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment? - ?742.1 Photography

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.00E+00%, Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 9.00E+00% to 7.10E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.028

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

20. End Precise Control Method of 3 - PTT Parallel Mechanism

Accession number: 20232114122212

Title of translation: Jacobian+RBF3-PTT

Authors: Chen, Mingfang (1); Huang, Liang’en (1); Wei, Songpo (2); Zheng, Shigao (1); Chen, Zhongping (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) Department of Engineering Information, Henan Pingyuan Photoelectric Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo; 454150, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 430-440

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Parallel mechanism has the advantages of high bearing capacity, high precision and high stiffness, and is widely used in all walks of life in the industrial field. In order to reduce the difficulty of measuring and compensating the mechanical errors of parallel mechanisms and realize the accurate control of the end of the mechanism, a method of end error compensation was proposed based on the combination of Jacobian and RBF neural networks. Taking a 3 - PTT parallel mechanism as the research object, the forward and inverse kinematics of the mechanism were analyzed using geometric method, and the correctness of the mathematical model was verified by Matlab/GUI. Jacobian was solved according to kinematics model, and constraint singularity and motion singularity of mechanism are analyzed. In order to verify the effectiveness of the mechanism end error compensation method, two experimental conditions were set up, namely, whether there was a return error compensation of the lead screw and whether the end was subjected to different loads, and the end position was measured by the laser tracker. By training the compensation model through the collected data, the error compensation is completed. The experimental results show that the axial (x-axis) and radial (y-axis) position errors of the end of the mechanism are reduced by more than 90%, and the vertical (z-axis) position errors are reduced by more than 80% after using the error compensation method. In this paper, the error compensation effect is good, the precision of the end of the mechanism is obviously improved, and the proposed method is effective. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Error compensation

Controlled terms: Inverse kinematics? - ?Inverse problems? - ?Radial basis function networks? - ?Screws

Uncontrolled terms: 3 - PTT parallel mechanism? - ?End control? - ?Error compensation methods? - ?High stiffness? - ?High-precision? - ?Jacobians? - ?Parallel mechanisms? - ?Position errors? - ?Precise control method? - ?RBF Neural Network

Classification code: 605 Small Tools and Hardware? - ?931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.00E+01%, Percentage 9.00E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.045

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

21. Combinable Multi-storey Adaptive Monitoring System for Composting Fermentation Temperature

Accession number: 20232114122233

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Jizhang (1); Mao, Han (1); Wang, Xu (1); Zhou, Jing (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 359-367

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Compost fermentation is a very important technical means of transforming agricultural waste into substrate and fertilizer. In the process of agricultural waste compost, temperature affects the fermentation rate and quality of the compost. Therefore, it is very important to study the temperature distribution inside the compost for the accurate control of compost. However, for fermentation piles with different stacking methods, their volume and height are different, which makes it difficult for the traditional probe sensor whose length of probe and the position of monitoring point are fixed to measure flexibly and conveniently which brings great inconvenience to the accurate control of the fermentation process of agricultural waste. In order to solve the above problems, a combined multi-storey temperature monitoring system was designed which can run in the state of low power consumption. The detection rod of the system was in the form of modularization, and the modules can be spliced freely according to the monitoring requirements. Adaptive identification of monitoring module based on CAN bus, configuration information synchronization and adaptive matching based on JSON text and relational database, as well as human-machine interface adaptive generation of system hardware, server, and WeChat applet were realized. After function test, operation power consumption test and long-term operation test on site, the results showed that the monitoring system can realize real-time data monitoring and low-power operation in the continuous monitoring process, maintain good stability in the whole operation process, and realize the synchronous configuration and information display of system hardware, server side and WeChat applet side, which can meet the needs of multi-storey long-term temperature monitoring in the composting and fermentation process of agricultural waste. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Fermentation

Controlled terms: Agricultural wastes? - ?Composting? - ?Computer hardware? - ?Probes? - ?Process control? - ?Waste treatment

Uncontrolled terms: Adaptive monitoring? - ?Applets? - ?Combinable type? - ?Compost fermentation? - ?Fermentation process? - ?Fermentation temperature? - ?Monitoring system? - ?System hardware? - ?Temperature monitoring? - ?Waste composts

Classification code: 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal? - ?722 Computer Systems and Equipment? - ?821.5 Agricultural Wastes

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.037

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

22. Planting Row Detection of Multi-growth Winter Wheat Field Based on UAV Remote Sensing Image

Accession number: 20232114129612

Title of translation:

Authors: Yang, Shuqin (1, 2); Lin, Fengshan (1, 2); Xu, Penghui (3, 4); Wang, Pengfei (1, 2); Wang, Shuai (1, 2); Ning, Jifeng (3, 4)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest a and F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Shaanxi, Yangling; 112100, China; (3) College of Information Engineering, Northwest a and F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (4) Shaanxi Key Ijiboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 181-188

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The identification and location of wheat planting rows in the field environment is of great significance to the navigation operation of agricultural machinery such as pesticide spraying and weeding in the field. A method for detecting wheat planting row at multiple growth stages was proposed based on visible light remote sensing images of winter wheat at tillering stage and jointing stage obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle, combining with deep semantic segmentation and Hough transform linear detection. Firstly, wheat planting regions were extracted by SegNet deep semantic segmentation to overcome the sensitivity of traditional detection methods to light and improve detection accuracy. Secondly, based on the pre-detection results of wheat planting rows by Hough transform, dichotomy k-means clustering was proposed to further refine the detection results to identify the center line of wheat planting rows. Respectively, for winter wheat images at tillering stage and jointing stage, the mean absolute values of straight position deviation of planting row were 0.55cm and 0.11cm, and the mean absolute values of angle deviation were 0.0011 rad and 0.00037 rad. It was superior to the traditional method in detecting accuracy and line missing rate. The research results can provide a method for detecting the direction of crop planting in the navigation operation of intelligent agricultural machinery. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Navigation

Controlled terms: Antennas? - ?Crops? - ?Hough transforms? - ?K-means clustering? - ?Remote sensing? - ?Semantic Segmentation? - ?Semantics? - ?Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Uncontrolled terms: Absolute values? - ?Deep semantic segmentation? - ?Navigation of agricultural machinery? - ?Planting row detection? - ?Plantings? - ?Remote sensing images? - ?Semantic segmentation? - ?UAV remote sensing? - ?Winter wheat? - ?Winter wheat field

Classification code: 652.1 Aircraft, General? - ?723.4 Artificial Intelligence? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?903.1 Information Sources and Analysis? - ?921.3 Mathematical Transformations

Numerical data indexing: Absorbed dose 1.10E-05Gy, Absorbed dose 3.70E-06Gy, Size 1.10E-03m, Size 5.50E-03m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.017

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

23. Handheld Non-destructive Detector for Internal Quality of Multi-fruits with Replaceable Probe

Accession number: 20232114122078

Title of translation:

Authors: Guo, Wenchuan (1, 2); Ji, Tongkui (1); Zhang, Zongyi (1); Zhou, Yihang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 403-409

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: With the improvement of consumption level, the internal quality of fruit has become an important factor to attract consumers. However, the traditional methods used to measure soluble solids content (SSC) and firmness are destructive. To realize rapid non-destructive detection on the internal quality of multi-fruits, a handheld non-destructive detector for internal quality of multi-fruits with replaceable probe was developed. The hardware system of the detector consisted of a host and a multispectral acquisition probe. The host included a microprocessor, a power management module, a voltage regulator drive module and an input and output module. The multi-spectral acquisition probe included 12 light emitting diodes (LEDs) at different wavelengths and a digital optoelectronic sensor. The software system of the detector was developed in C language in the development environment at MDK 5. 0. The diffuse reflectance multi-spectral of “Huayou” kiwifruit and “Xue” pear were collected by the developed detector, and the prediction models for SSC and firmness were established based on the partial-least-squares regression. After downloading the model into the detector, the detection performance of the detector was tested. The results showed that the root mean square errors of SSC and firmness prediction for kiwifruit were 1. 51% and 5. 13 N, and the root mean square errors of SSC and firmness prediction for pear were 0. 52% and 4. 57 N. Moreover, the measurement could be realized in 2 s. The measurement on the internal quality of multi-fruits was realized by replacing the probe of the detector. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 24

Main heading: Fruits

Controlled terms: C (programming language)? - ?Forecasting? - ?Least squares approximations? - ?Mean square error? - ?Probes? - ?Voltage regulators

Uncontrolled terms: Consumption levels? - ?Handhelds? - ?Internal quality? - ?Kiwifruits? - ?Multi-spectral? - ?Non destructive? - ?Nondestructive detection? - ?Pear? - ?Root mean square errors? - ?Soluble solid content

Classification code: 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages? - ?732.1 Control Equipment? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Force 1.30E+01N, Force 5.70E+01N, Percentage 5.10E+01%, Percentage 5.20E+01%, Time 2.00E+00s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.042

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

24. Solar Greenhouse Environment Prediction Model Based on SSA - LSTM

Accession number: 20232114122119

Title of translation: SSA-LSTM

Authors: Zu, Linlu (1, 2); Liu, Pingzeng (2, 3); Zhao, Yanping (1); Li, Tianhua (1); Li, Hui (3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian; 271018, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Huang - Huai - Hai Smart Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian; 271018, China; (3) College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian; 271018, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 351-358

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The accurate prediction of greenhouse environment variation based on the constructed prediction model is helpful to precisely regulate the crop environment, and promote the growth of fruits and vegetables. Due to the coexistence of multiple parameters, complex coupling with each other, temporality and nonlinearity of greenhouse microclimate environment, the accurate prediction model is difficult to establish. Based on above issues, a greenhouse environment prediction model was proposed based on the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) optimized-long short term memory (LSTM) neural network method, so as to realize the prediction of greenhouse environment data sequence with the Internet of things (IoT) collecting accurate multipoint environment data. The experimental results showed that the automatic parametric optimization process by SSA could deal with the time consuming problem of manual parameter selection for the LSTM model. The proposed SSA - LSTM method could lower the model training time, and the optimal parameters selection could make sure the model worked with the optimum capability. The trained SSA - LSTM model was used to predict six kinds of greenhouse environment data, including the air temperature, air humidity, soil temperature, soil humidity, CO2 concentration, and the illumination intensity. The proposed SSA - LSTM could realize a 97. 6% average prediction fit index, compared with the back-propagation network, the gated recurrent unit neural network and the LSTM, the prediction fit index was elevated by 8. 1 percentage points, 4. 1 percentage points and 4. 3 percentage points. Therefore, the prediction accuracy of SSA - LSTM was obviously improved. The research result could provide reference for the development of greenhouse environment control strategy and deal with the lag problem of environment control. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 18

Main heading: Internet of things

Controlled terms: Backpropagation? - ?Forecasting? - ?Greenhouses? - ?Long short-term memory

Uncontrolled terms: Environment data? - ?Environment prediction model? - ?Environment predictions? - ?Greenhouse environment? - ?Long short term memory neural network? - ?Neural-networks? - ?Prediction modelling? - ?Search Algorithms? - ?Solar greenhouse? - ?Sparrow search algorithm

Classification code: 722.3 Data Communication, Equipment and Techniques? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?723.4 Artificial Intelligence? - ?821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 6.00E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.036

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

25. Open-set Pig Face Recognition Method Combining Attention Mechanism

Accession number: 20232114122179

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Rong (1, 2); Gao, Ronghua (1, 3); Li, Qifeng (1, 3); Liu, Shanghao (1, 2); Yu, Qinyang (1, 3); Feng, Lu (1, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China

Corresponding author: Gao, Ronghua(gaorh@nercita.org.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 256-264

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To solve the problem that the closed-set pig face recognition model cannot recognize pig individuals that have not appeared in the training set, an open-set pig face recognition method that integrated attention mechanism was proposed, which can realize open-set pig face image recognition and recognize pig individuals that the model had never seen. Firstly, a lightweight feature extraction module (GCDSC) was constructed based on a global attention mechanism, inverted residual structure, and depth separable convolution. Secondly, C3ECAGhost module was designed based on efficient attention mechanism, Ghost convolution, and residual network to extract high-level semantic features of pig face images. Finally, based on the MobileFaceNet network, incorporating GCDSC module, C3ECAGhost module, SphereFace loss function, and Euclidean distance measurement method, the model PigFaceNet was constructed to realize open-set pig face recognition. The experimental results showed that the GCDSC module can improve the accuracy of pig face recognition by 1.05 percentage points, and the C3ECAGhost module can further improve the accuracy of the model by 0. 56 percentage points. The accuracy of the PigFaceNet model in open-set pig face recognition verification can reach 94. 28%, which was 1. 61 percentage points higher than that before modification. The model proposed was a lightweight model with 5. 44 MB parameters, which can improve the accuracy and provide a reference for intelligent breeding of pig farms. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Face recognition

Controlled terms: Convolution? - ?Mammals? - ?Semantics

Uncontrolled terms: Attention mechanisms? - ?Closed set? - ?Face recognition methods? - ?Lightweighting? - ?Model lightweighting? - ?Open-set recognition? - ?Percentage points? - ?Pig face recognition? - ?Recognition models? - ?Training sets

Classification code: 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.80E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.026

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

26. Soil Infiltration Parameters for Field Film Hole Irrigation Based on Cylinder Infiltrometer

Accession number: 20232114122242

Title of translation:

Authors: Fan, Yanwei (1); Tang, Xingpeng (1); Shi, Jinhong (1); Ma, Tianhua (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 302-310

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The development of wetting zone in soil under film hole irrigation is a crucial parameter for designing an effective irrigation system. HYDRUS - 2D/3D numerical simulation was used to study the effects of soil bulk density and film hole diameter on the soil infiltration characteristics under 12 soil textures. Based on 180 simulated results, the parameters of the wetting front movement model were improved. The accuracy of the model was validated against experimental data published in the literature and measured by authors. The results showed that the migration process of soil wetting front was increased with the increase of film hole diameter and irrigation time, however it was decreased with the increase of soil bulk density. The migration distance of the wetting front had a power function relation with the steady infiltration rate and time, whereby the model of wetted volume was established for different soil texture types. For a given soil texture, the steady infiltration rate had a good power function relationship with soil bulk weight and film hole diameter with power function exponents of-6. 3 and 1.1, and the power function coefficients was deduced from only one set of cylinder infiltrometer field tests. The model simulation values were in good agreement with the measured values from 12 groups experiments, the RMSE was between 0. 020 cm and 0. 170 cm, and the NSE was between 0. 995 and 0. 999, which realized the practical application of the empirical model for predicting the wetting pattern dimensions under film hole irrigation in the field with simple experimental design, easy operation and quick field evaluation. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 24

Main heading: Soils

Controlled terms: Cylinders (shapes)? - ?Design of experiments? - ?Infiltration? - ?Irrigation? - ?Textures? - ?Wetting

Uncontrolled terms: Cylinder infiltrometer? - ?Film hole irrigation? - ?Film holes? - ?Hole diameter? - ?Infiltration parameters? - ?Infiltrometers? - ?Power functions? - ?Steady infiltration rate? - ?Wetting pattern dimension? - ?Wetting patterns

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?901.3 Engineering Research

Numerical data indexing: Size 1.70E+00m, Size 2.00E-01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.031

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

27. Image Resource Management of No-tillage Seeding Equipment PDM System

Accession number: 20232114122099

Title of translation: PDM

Authors: Liu, Hongxin (1, 2); Zhou, Lili (1); Zhang, Yiming (1); Zhao, Yijian (1); Xie, Yongtao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suqian College, Suqian; 223800, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 198-207

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problems that it is difficult to identify the content of experimental image resources of the product data management (PDM) system of no-tillage seeding equipment in the process of storage and query, and it is difficult to guarantee the demand of users to obtain relevant resources, applying VB in VS (Microsoft Visual Studio) environment Net language with SQL Server database to develop an interactive resource management system, marking the content of experimental image resources with multiple information and assign weights, and applying ADO. Net (Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects. Net) technology to realize the editing and storage of multiple information of image resources, based on multiple information weights to create a recommendation query method, joint browsing and selection, and realize the acquisition and application of image resources. The test results showed that the system can add, delete, modify and query based on multiple information. When the input field did not exactly match the local database, recommendation data can be obtained, which realized the effective management of multiple information of image resources. Multivariate information can uniquely and accurately identify image resources and serve as the basis for resource management. The recommendation method based on multivariate information weight design can effectively solve the problem that user input fields did not exactly match local data tables. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Resource allocation

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery? - ?Agriculture? - ?Digital storage? - ?Information management? - ?Natural resources management? - ?Query processing? - ?Search engines? - ?Visual languages? - ?Windows operating system

Uncontrolled terms: Image resources? - ?Input field? - ?MicroSoft? - ?Multivariate information? - ?No-tillage seeding? - ?No-tillage seeding equipment? - ?Product data management systems? - ?Recommendation query? - ?Resource management? - ?Weight

Classification code: 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?912.2 Management

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.019

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

28. Autonomous Navigation System for Pasture Intelligent Overthrowing Grass Robot Based on Laser SLAM

Accession number: 20232114122218

Title of translation: SLAM

Authors: Song, Huaibo (1, 2); Duan, Yuanchao (1, 2); Li, Rong (1, 2); Jiao, Yitao (1, 2); Wang, Zheng (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 293-301

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To solve the problems of high labor intensity and long working time of artificial overthrowing of feed in the pasture, an autonomous navigation system based on LiD AR for synchronous positioning and map building was designed to realize robot navigation and grass turning in pasture environment. The autonomous navigation system platform perceived the pasture environment through LiD AR, a ranch environment map was constructed by using Cartographer algorithm loaded with odometer information, the AMCL algorithm was used which did not load the odometer information to achieve robot positioning, and Dijkstra algorithm was used to plan the robot to overthrow the grass work path. The experiment showed that when constructing the ranch environment map, the maximum deviation of the robot loading odometer information was lower than that of the map when the odometer information was loaded, which was 0. 02 m and 0. 14 m, respectively, and the maximum value of the horizontal and vertical deviation and the maximum heading declination angle were less than 0. 04 m, 0. 10 m and 11° when the positioning and navigation of the robot were realized, and the navigation accuracy was higher than the value when loading the odometer information. All the results showed that the navigation accuracy can meet the requirements of overthrowing grass operations in a pasture environment. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Navigation systems

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Agriculture

Uncontrolled terms: Autonomous navigation? - ?Autonomous navigation systems? - ?Environment maps? - ?Labour intensity? - ?Laser SLAM? - ?Navigation accuracy? - ?Odometer? - ?Overthrowing grass robot? - ?Smart pasture? - ?Working time

Classification code: 731.5 Robotics? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment

Numerical data indexing: Size 1.00E+01m, Size 1.40E+01m, Size 2.00E+00m, Size 4.00E+00m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.030

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

29. Effects of High-pressure Homogenization Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Soybean Milk on Protein Structure and Anti-nutritional Factors

Accession number: 20232114122135

Title of translation:

Authors: Qi, Baokun (1); Wang, Qi (1); Zhong, Mingming (1); Liao, Yi (1); Sun, Yufan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 368-377

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The soybean milk was obtained by cold-pressing from commercially available soybeans, the obtained milk was then subjected to high-pressure homogenization pretreatment assisted by different proteases (alkaline protease, papain, bromelain) to hydrolyze soybean milk and assess the effect on its structure and quality. The results regarding physical properties revealed that with the increase of homogenization pressure the solubility and hydrolysis degree of soybean milk reached 91.9% and 8.24%, respectively. Meanwhile, there was a substantial improvement in stability, negative surface charge and uniform particle size distribution. SDS - PAGE electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed the changes in protein structure of soybean milk under different homogeneous pressures assisted enzymatic hydrolysis, showing a decreased band depth anti-nutritional protein factors. There was reduction in secondary structure and the contents of a-helix, (3-rotation. The anti-nutritional factors revealed the relationship between protein structure and function. When the homogenization pressure was set at 100 MPa, the inhibitory rates of the three enzymes on soybean globulin, β-concomitant soybean globulin, phytic acid, soybean lectin, trypsin inhibitor and lipoxygenase were up to 51. 28%, 57. 83%, 72. 31%, 71. 4%, 89. 55% and 82. 96%, respectively. The results showed that high pressure homogeneous pretreatment effectively improved the hydrolysis of protease anti-nutritional factor components. The obtained results might be fruitful for the preparation of nutritious and healthy soybean milk. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 24

Main heading: Enzymatic hydrolysis

Controlled terms: Electrophoresis? - ?Fluorescence spectroscopy? - ?High pressure effects? - ?Infrared spectroscopy? - ?Particle size? - ?Particle size analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Antinutritional factors? - ?Cold pressing? - ?Effect of high pressure? - ?Enzymolysis? - ?High pressure homogenization? - ?Homogenization pressures? - ?Pre-treatments? - ?Proteins structures? - ?Soybean globulins? - ?Soybean milks

Classification code: 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena? - ?741.3 Optical Devices and Systems? - ?801.2 Biochemistry? - ?801.3 Colloid Chemistry? - ?801.4.1 Electrochemistry? - ?802.2 Chemical Reactions? - ?804.1 Organic Compounds? - ?941.3 Optical Instruments? - ?941.4 Optical Variables Measurements? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Pressure 1.00E+08Pa, Percentage 2.80E+01%, Percentage 3.10E+01%, Percentage 4.00E+00%, Percentage 5.50E+01%, Percentage 8.24E+00%, Percentage 8.30E+01%, Percentage 9.19E+01%, Percentage 9.60E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.038

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

30. Automatic Identification and Measurement of Maize Leaves Stomata Based on YOLO v3

Accession number: 20232114122289

Title of translation: YOLO v3

Authors: Zhang, Fan (1); Guo, Siyuan (2); Ren, Fangtao (2); Zhang, Xinhong (3); Li, Jieping (4)

Author affiliation: (1) Henan Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing, Henan University, Kaifeng; 475004, China; (2) School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng; 475004, China; (3) School of Software, Henan University, Kaifeng; 475004, China; (4) College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng; 415004, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Xinhong(zxh@henu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 216-222

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Stomata are the important structure for plant leaves to exchange gas and water with environment. In order to solve the problem that traditional analysis methods of stomatal traits adopt manual observation and measurement, which causes tedious process, low efficiency and prone to human error, you only look once (YOLO) deep learning model was adopted to complete automatic identification and automatic measurement of stomata in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. Combined with the characteristics of stomata data set, the YOLO deep learning model was improved to effectively improve the precision of stomata identification and measurement. The prediction end in YOLO deep learning model was optimized, which reduced the false detection rate. At the same time, the 16-fold and 32-fold downsampling layers were simplified according to the characteristics of stomata, which improved the recognition efficiency. Experimental results showed that the identification precision of the improved YOLO deep learning model reached 95% on the maize leaves stomatal data set, and the average accuracy of parameter measurement was above 90%. The proposed method can automatically complete the identification, counting and measurement of stomata of maize, which solved the low efficiency of traditional stomatal analysis methods, and it can help agricultural scientists and botanists to conduct the analysis and research related to plant stomata. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Efficiency

Controlled terms: Automation? - ?Deep learning? - ?Grain (agricultural product)? - ?Learning systems? - ?Plants (botany)

Uncontrolled terms: Analysis method? - ?Automatic identification? - ?Automatic measurements? - ?Data set? - ?Deep learning? - ?Learning models? - ?Maize leaf? - ?Measurements of? - ?Plant leaves? - ?Stoma

Classification code: 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering? - ?731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?913.1 Production Engineering

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.00E+01%, Percentage 9.50E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.021

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

31. Identification of Feed Raw Material Type Based on Improved ResNetl8 Model

Accession number: 20232114122286

Title of translation: ResNet18

Authors: Niu, Zhiyou (1, 2); Yu, Chongyang (1); Wu, Zhitao (1); Shao, Yankai (1); Liu, Meiying (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Intelligent Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 378-385

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: With the aim to solve the problem of manual sampling and sensory identification of feed raw material entering the silo in the feed production process, and realize automatic identification of raw material type, taking bulk feed raw material such as corn, bran, wheat, soybean meal and fish meal as the research object, a multi-channel automatic identification device for feed raw material type was designed and built independently, feed raw material image dataset was collected, and data augmentation methods were used to increase sample diversity. Based on ResNetl8 convolution neural network, CAM - ResNetl8 network model for feed raw material type identification was constructed by adding the channel attention mechanism, adding the Dropout method, adopting the Adam optimizer and embedding the cosine annealing method, while the migration learning was introduced to train the model. The average accuracy of the CAM - ResNetl8 network model for feed raw material type reached 99. 1% in the validation set, with a recognition time of 2. 58 ms. Compared with the ResNetl8, ResNet34, AlexNet and VGG16 network models, the validation accuracy was improved by 0. 6, 0. 2, 3. 7 and 1. 1 percentage points, respectively. For the result analysis of confusion matrix, the average accuracy of test set recognition was 99.4%, which had high accuracy and recall. The results showed that CAM - ResNetl8 network model had higher accuracy rate and faster detection speed in the identification of feed raw material, providing a theoretical method and technical support for the identification of feed raw material entering the silo in the actual production. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Cams

Controlled terms: Automation

Uncontrolled terms: Attention mechanisms? - ?Automatic identification? - ?Feed raw material? - ?High-accuracy? - ?Improved resnetl8? - ?Manual samplings? - ?Network models? - ?Production process? - ?Raw materials types? - ?Type identification

Classification code: 601.3 Mechanisms? - ?731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00E00%, Percentage 9.94E+01%, Time 5.80E-02s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.039

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

32. Robot Trajectory Tracking Control Based on Reference Trajectory Real-time Modification

Accession number: 20232114122224

Title of translation:

Authors: Xiao, Fan (1); Li, Gongfa (1); Zhang, Xiaofeng (1); Tao, Bo (2); Jiang, Guozhang (2); Li, Guang (3)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; 430081, China; (2) Institute of Precision Manufacturing, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; 430081, China; (3) College of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou; 412007, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 441-449

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: A simple and effective control method for robot trajectory tracking with uncertain dynamics was presented. The core idea of the proposed method was to modify the reference trajectory in real-time. The main operation of this method was to accumulate the generated tracking errors and compensate them feedforward in real-time to the points to be tracked on the reference trajectory. Firstly, the control block diagram for the proposed method was showed. Then, the equation for the relationship between the tracking error and the command error was derived from the control block diagram. The equation showed that the control algorithm in the controller only needed to ensure that the velocity error was stable and the tracking error would converge. The increase in compensation gain can also accelerate the convergence of the error. Subsequently, the convergence condition that PD control law can satisfy the proposed method was analyzed. At the same time, the adjustment scheme of parameters in the proposed method was given. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by simulation and physical experiment. In the physical experiment, the absolute value of error obtained from tracking trajectory 1 of each joint was no more than 0. 0087 rad; the absolute value of error obtained from tracking trajectory 2 of each joint was no more than 0. 0059 rad. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 37

Main heading: Trajectories

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Error compensation? - ?Navigation

Uncontrolled terms: Absolute values? - ?Block diagrams? - ?Control blocks? - ?PD control? - ?Physical experiments? - ?Real- time? - ?Reference trajectories? - ?Robot trajectory? - ?Tracking errors? - ?Trajectory-tracking

Classification code: 731.5 Robotics? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment

Numerical data indexing: Absorbed dose 5.90E-01Gy, Absorbed dose 8.70E-01Gy

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.046

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

33. Rapid Measurements of Pig Body Size Based on DeepLabCut Algorithm

Accession number: 20232114122108

Title of translation: DeepLabCut

Authors: Zhao, Yuliang (1); Zeng, Fanguo (1); Jia, Nan (1); Zhu, Jun (1); Wang, Haifeng (1); Li, Bin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China

Corresponding author: Li, Bin(lib@nercita.org.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 249-255

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: At present, the computer vision-based pig body measurement shows a high dependence on pig posture and low measurement efficiency. To solve these problems, a rapid and non-contact pig body size measurement method based on DeepLabCut was proposed. The top view RGB - D images of landrace pigs were captured by a RealSense L515 camera. The training effects of 10 backbone networks of ReNet, MobileNet - V2, and EfficientNet series were compared and analyzed, and then the EfficientNet - b6 model was selected as the optimal backbone network of DeepLabCut algorithm for feature point detection of pig body size. In order to achieve accurate calculation of pig body size data, SVM model was used to identify the standing stance of pigs and screen the natural standing stance of pigs. Based on this, the depth-valued proximity region replacement algorithm was used to optimize the outlier feature points and calculate the five body size indexes of pig body length, body width, body height, rump width and rump height by Euclidean distance. This method was tested on 140 groups of standing images of pigs, and it was found that the algorithm could achieve real-time and accurate measurement of body size in the natural standing posture of pigs, with maximum root mean square error of 1.79 cm and computation time of 0. 27 s per frame. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Anthropometry

Controlled terms: Mammals? - ?Mean square error

Uncontrolled terms: Back-bone network? - ?Body size measurement? - ?Body sizes? - ?Deeplabcut? - ?Feature point? - ?Measurements of? - ?Non-contact? - ?Pig? - ?Rapid measurement? - ?Size measurements

Classification code: 461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Size 1.79E-02m, Time 2.70E+01s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.025

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

34. Modification of SSTγ-Reθt Transition Model Based on Ambient Source Term Method

Accession number: 20232114129452

Title of translation: SSTγ-Reθt

Authors: Ye, Changliang (1); Wang, Fujun (2); Tang, Yuan (2); Chen, Jun (3); Zheng, Yuan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 211100, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) School of Naval and Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai; 200240, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Fujun(wangfj@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 151-159

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Axial flow pumps are widely used in agricultural area because of their high flow rate and low head. Accurate prediction of boundary layer transitions is important to improve the accuracy of internal flow calculations in axial pumps. The applicability of the SST γ-Reθt transition model at different Reynolds numbers was explored with a hydrofoil. It was found that the prediction accuracy of the SST γ-Reθt transition model was close to the experimental value under the low Reynolds number condition (ReL was less than 1.6×106); under the high Reynolds number condition, the boundary layer transition position predicted by the SST γ-Reθt transition model was gradually moved forward compared with the experimental value as the Reynolds number was increased. This indicated that the SST γ-Reθttransition model was not effective in determining the occurrence of boundary layer transitions in high Reynolds number hydrofoils. Based on this, the transport equation in the SST γ-Reθt transition model was modified by using the ambient source term method, introducing the parameters of environmental turbulent kinetic energy and environmental turbulent specific dissipation rate, and establishing the relationship between turbulent specific dissipation rate and Reynolds number to obtain the modified SST γ-Reθt transition model. The model was validated in the high Reynolds number flow of Donaldson trailing edge hydrofoil and NACA0016 hydrofoil. The prediction accuracy of typical flow characteristics such as wake vortex shedding frequency under the condition of high Reynolds number of Donaldson modified trailing edge hydrofoil was improved by about 8% compared with the original transition model. Compared with the original transition model, the prediction accuracy of the relative thickness of the boundary layer and the coefficient of friction in the transition region in the middle of the hydrofoil of NACA0016 was improved by more than three times. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Hydrofoils

Controlled terms: Atmospheric thermodynamics? - ?Boundary layer flow? - ?Boundary layers? - ?Forecasting? - ?Friction? - ?Kinetic energy? - ?Kinetics? - ?Reynolds number? - ?Turbulent flow

Uncontrolled terms: Ambient source term? - ?Ambients? - ?Boundary layer transitions? - ?Condition? - ?Modification? - ?Prediction accuracy? - ?Reynold number? - ?Source terms? - ?Transition? - ?Transition model

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties? - ?631.1 Fluid Flow, General? - ?641.1 Thermodynamics? - ?931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.00E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.014

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

35. Design and Experiment of Servo Control System for Sugarcane Header

Accession number: 20232114129690

Title of translation:

Authors: Gong, Yuanjuan (1); Jin, Zhongbo (1); Bai, Xiaoping (2); Wang, Sijia (1); Wu, Ling (1); Huang, Wanyuan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang; 110169, China

Corresponding author: Bai, Xiaoping(baixiaoping@sia.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 119-138

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Directing at the problems that domestic sugarcane harvester header height adjustment and nonautomatic control, a servo control system for sugarcane header height was designed. The servo control system mainly consisted of a self-weight swinging profiling mechanism, STM32 controller, displacement sensor, upper computer module, keypad module, solenoid valve drive module, etc. The self-weight swinging profiling mechanism consisted of a ground contact, a connection sleeve, a left fixed connection plate, a frame, a right fixed connection plate, an angle sensor, etc. To address the problem that the harvester may cause impact or destroy the profiling mechanism when performing the reversing operation, ADAMS dynamics simulation software was utilized to obtain the vertical height and force variation of the profiling mechanism, and complete the optimization design of the tail end of the profiling mechanism. The simulation tests showed that when the radius of the tail end was 105mm, the maximum collision force of the ground on the profiling mechanism was equal to 1976N less than the permissible bending strength of 45 steel, which met the design requirements of the profiling mechanism. It was also verified that the profiling mechanism can adhere to the ground. To study the relationship model between the height of the harvester’s cutting table and the signals collected by the profiling mechanism, and design a PID algorithm for cutting table height control. The PID control algorithm was optimized by using Matlab/Simulink software. After tuning the calculation optimization, when the proportional coefficient Kp was 0.41, the integral coefficient Ki was 0.76 and the differential coefficient Kd was 0.009, the PID controller met the requirements of the servo control system. The profiling mechanism sent the detected terrain height data to the STM32 control unit, and after analysis and processing, the hydraulic actuators were driven to control the lifting and lowering of the cutting table. After completing the design of the cutting table servocontrol system, it was installed on a 4GZQ130-A sugarcane harvester for functional tests. The driver started the machine, activated the cutting table servo control system for harvesting, set the cutting height, harvested three monopoles, observed the stubble height at each harvest, recorded the test data, measured the distance from the ground to the cut point of the cane and calculated the head breakage rate. The test results showed that after the 4GZQ130-A sugarcane harvester was fitted with a cutting table follower control system, the stubble height deviated from the preset stubble height within 20mm, an average head breakage rate was 21%. In comparison with the manually controlled harvesting trials, the average head breakage rate was reduced by 18.5 percenage points. The harvester’s performance was further improved and the overall performance of the cutting table follower control system met the design and use requirements. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: MATLAB

Controlled terms: Automation? - ?Bending strength? - ?Computer control systems? - ?Controllers? - ?Digital storage? - ?Harvesting? - ?Hydraulic actuators? - ?Hydraulic machinery? - ?Pneumatic control equipment? - ?Proportional control systems ? - ?Solenoid valves? - ?Three term control systems

Uncontrolled terms: Breakage rates? - ?Cutting tables? - ?Displacement sensor? - ?Header height? - ?Performance? - ?Profiling mechanism? - ?Self-weight? - ?Servo control systems? - ?Sugarcane harvesters? - ?Terrain detection

Classification code: 619 Pipes, Tanks and Accessories; Plant Engineering Generally? - ?632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery? - ?632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery? - ?722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?732.1 Control Equipment? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Force 1.976E+03N, Percentage 2.10E+01%, Size 1.05E-01m, Size 2.00E-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.011

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

36. Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Straw Measures to Control Ammonia and Stabilize Nitrogen Yield in Summer Maize Farmland Based on DNDC Model

Accession number: 20232114122217

Title of translation: DNDC

Authors: Zhao, Zhengxin (1, 2); Wang, Xiaoyun (1, 2); Tian, Yajie (1, 2); Wang, Rui (1, 2); Peng, Qing (1, 2); Cai, Huanjie (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 341-350

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to clarify the significance of suitable fertilization straw measures for summer maize farmland in Guanzhong region in the future climate conditions to control ammonia and stabilize yield and cope with climate change, based on the two-year field experiment conducted in 2019-2020, the impact of different nitrogen fertilizer types and different straw returning modes on soil ammonia volatilization and crop yield in farmland was studied. The DNDC model was calibrated and validated according to the field measured data, and the validated model was used to simulate the effects of different fertilization - straw measures on summer maize yield and soil ammonia volatilization accumulation under future climatic conditions. Taking into account the yield and the cumulative amount of soil ammonia volatilization of maize per production unit, the optimal ammonia control and stable yield fertilization - straw measures for summer maize farmland in Guanzhong area under future climatic conditions were finally put forward. The results showed that the corrected DNDC model could well simulate summer maize growth and soil ammonia volatilization accumulation under different fertilization - straw measures. Under future climatic conditions, straw returning would significantly increase summer maize yield and reduce soil ammonia volatilization accumulation per unit yield of maize. Under the RCP4. 5 emission scenario, in the future from 2030 to 2090, the soil ammonia volatilization accumulation amount per unit yield of maize was lower and the yield was higher when the full amount of straw was returned to the field and 180 kg/hm2 stable nitrogen fertilizer was applied to the field. Under the RCP8. 5 emission scenario, in the future of 2030-2050 and 2070-2090, the full amount of straw was returned to the field with 180 kg/hm2 of stable nitrogen fertilizer and the full amount of straw was returned to the field with 162 kg/hm2 of stable nitrogen fertilizer production unit, the soil ammonia volatilization accumulation in yield maize was lower and yield was higher. Therefore, under the RCP4. 5 emission scenario, the full amount of straw returned to the field and the application of 180 kg/hm2 stable nitrogen fertilizer was more optimal fertilization - straw measure for controlling ammonia production and stabilizing production in Guanzhong area from 2030 to 2090. Under the RCP8. 5 emission scenario, the combination of 180 kg/hm2 stable nitrogen fertilizer and 162 kg/hm2 stable nitrogen fertilizer combined with the full amount of straw returning to the field were the optimal fertilization - straw measures for 2030-2050 and 2070-2090 in Guanzhong area, respectively. The results can provide a reference for the realization of sustainable agricultural development and stable yield and emission reduction in Guanzhong area. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Climate change

Controlled terms: Agricultural pollution? - ?Ammonia? - ?Climate models? - ?Farms? - ?Nitrogen fertilizers? - ?Soils

Uncontrolled terms: Ammonia volatilization? - ?Climatic conditions? - ?DNDC models? - ?Emission scenario? - ?Fertilisation? - ?Maize yield? - ?Per unit? - ?Production units? - ?Straw returning? - ?Summer maize

Classification code: 443 Meteorology? - ?443.1 Atmospheric Properties? - ?454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection? - ?483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?804.2 Inorganic Compounds? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?821.2 Agricultural Chemicals? - ?921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Mass 1.62E+02kg, Mass 1.80E+02kg, Size 5.2578E+01m to 5.3086E+01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.035

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

37. Design and Experiment of Crawler Self-propelled Sorting Type Potato Harvester

Accession number: 20232114129643

Title of translation:

Authors: Wei, Zhongcai (1, 2); Wang, Xinghuan (1); Li, Xueqiang (3, 4); Wang, Faming (3, 4); Li, Zhihe (1); Jin, Chengqian (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255091, China; (2) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ajfairs, Nanjing; 210014, China; (3) Shandong Star Agricultural Equipment Co. Ltd., Dezhou; 253600, China; (4) Shandong Provincial Inielli Gent Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Potato Production Equipment, Dezhou; 253600, China

Corresponding author: Jin, Chengqian(412114402@qq.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 95-106

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Hilly and mountainous areas were the main potato planting areas in China. In view of the low efficiency of mechanized harvesting and separation and picking up of potatoes in small plots, a crawler type self-propelled sorting potato harvester was designed in combination with the requirements of potato planting agronomy and harvesting. The overall structure and key components of the prototype were designed, which were mainly composed of crawler drive chassis, excavation device, automatic alignment device, separation device and sorting device. The prototype had technical advantages such as crawler driven walking, high-frequency low amplitude vibration clod crushing, automatic row excavation, manual auxiliary sorting and hydraulic drive mode. On the basis of describing the overall structure and working principle, combined with the potato kinematics model and collision characteristics analysis, the structural parameters and operating parameters of the key components were determined to achieve the goal of high efficiency and low loss harvest. The separating screen was inclined at 30°, the distance between two adjacent gear rods was 210mm, the height of the stop bar was 25mm, the maximum rotating speed of separator driving wheel was 120r/min, the maximum line speed of the sorting screen was 0.65m/s, the drop height between the end of the separating screen and the beginning of the sorting screen was 120mm. As the method of manually assisted potato sorting and gathering was adopted, the number of drops and rolls of potato blocks was reduced, the separation stroke of potatoes was shortened, and the collision frequency and damage of potatoes in unit time were reduced, which was helpful to realize the loss reduction harvest. The prototype was tested in the field. The results of the field test showed that when the operating speeds of the prototype were 1.0km/h and 1.2km/h, the running linear speeds of the separating screen were 0.61m/s and 0.72m/s, the running linear speeds of the sorting screen were 0.42m/s and 0.50m/s, and the productivity was 0.10hm2/h and 0.12hm2/h, respectively. The average value of the three peak impact acceleration of electronic potato was 51.02g and 51.85g, the peak impact acceleration of potato was less than the critical damage threshold. There was no missing inspection and skin damage of potatoes, and the effect of the harvest was good. All performance indexes met the requirements of relevant standards. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Acceleration

Controlled terms: Drops? - ?Efficiency? - ?Excavation? - ?Excavators? - ?Harvesters? - ?Harvesting

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic alignment? - ?Automatic alignment device? - ?Auxiliary sorting? - ?Crawler self-propelled type? - ?Hilly and mountainous areas? - ?Linear speed? - ?Mechanized harvesting? - ?Picking up? - ?Planting areas? - ?Potato harvesters

Classification code: 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?913.1 Production Engineering

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 2.004E+00rad/s, Mass 5.102E-02kg, Mass 5.185E-02kg, Size 1.00E+03m, Size 1.20E+03m, Size 1.20E-01m, Size 2.10E-01m, Size 2.50E-02m, Velocity 4.20E-01m/s, Velocity 5.00E-01m/s, Velocity 6.10E-01m/s, Velocity 6.50E-01m/s, Velocity 7.20E-01m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.009

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

38. Calibration of Simulation Parameters of Camellia oleifera Seeds Based on RSM and GA-BP-GA Optimization

Accession number: 20232114129413

Title of translation: RSMGA-BP-GA

Authors: Ding, Xinting (1, 2); Li, Kai (1, 2); Hao, Wei (1, 2); Yang, Qichang (3); Yan, Fengxin (1); Cui, Yongjie (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest a and F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu; 610213, China

Corresponding author: Cui, Yongjie(agriculturalrobot@nwafu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 139-150

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In the study of production and processing technologies such as mechanical shelling, sowing and planting of Camellia oleifera seeds, due to the lack of accurate discrete element simulation models and parameters, the simulation and actual errors of design equipment are large. Reverse engineering techniques were used to establish a discrete element model of Camellia oleifera seeds in EDEM software. JP2Through physical tests, the angle of repose (AOR) of Camellia oleifera-seeds was measured to be (27.93±1.46)°. The parameter intervals of density, collision recovery coefficient and static friction coefficient between camellia seed and plate were measured. The discrete model parameters of Camellia oleifera seeds were filtered by using the Plackett-Burman Design to obtain the parameters that had a significant impact on the AOR. The path of steepest ascent method was carried out to determine the optimal value range of the parameters. The central composite design (CCD) response surface method (RSM) and machine learning were used to establish the regression models involving the AOR and the significant parameters. The results showed that the predictive ability and stability of BP artificial neural network based on genetic algorithm (GA) were better than that of random forest, support vector regression and BP artificial neural network. GA optimization was used to obtain the static friction coefficient between seeds, which was 0.443, the static friction coefficient between seeds and steel plates was 0.319, and the rolling friction coefficient between seeds was 0.063. The simulated AOR was measured to be 27.63°, and the relative error from the actual AOR was 1.09%. RSM optimization was used to obtain the static friction coefficient between seeds, which was 0.383, the static friction coefficient between seeds and steel plates was 0.335, and the rolling friction coefficient between seeds was 0.064. The simulated AOR was measured to be 26.99°, and the relative error from the actual AOR was 3.33%. The results showed that GA-BP-GA had better parameter optimization effect than RSM in the parameter calibration of Camellia oleifera seeds. Moreover, the built model and parameter calibration results of Camellia oleifera seeds can be used for discrete element simulation research. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Genetic algorithms

Controlled terms: Calibration? - ?Errors? - ?Forestry? - ?Neural networks? - ?Regression analysis? - ?Seed? - ?Stiction

Uncontrolled terms: Angle of repose? - ?BP neural networks? - ?Camellia oleifera seeds? - ?Discrete elements? - ?Discrete-element simulations? - ?Genetic-algorithm optimizations? - ?Parameters calibrations? - ?Response surfaces methods? - ?Simulation parameters? - ?Static friction coefficient

Classification code: 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.09E+00%, Percentage 3.33E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.013

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

39. Online Detection Method of Impurity Rate in Wheat Mechanized Harvesting Based on Improved U-Net Model

Accession number: 20232114122131

Title of translation: U-Net

Authors: Chen, Man (1); Jin, Chengqian (1); Mo, Gongwu (2); Liu, Shikun (1); Xu, Jinshan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Jiangsu Agricultural Machinery Test and Appraisal Station, Nanjing; 210017, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 73-82

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The level of mechanized harvesting of wheat in China has reached over 97%, and the impurity rate is one of the important indicators of mechanized wheat harvesting. In order to realize the online detection of the impurity rate in the wheat mechanized harvesting process, an online detection method of the wheat machine harvesting impurity rate was proposed based on the improved U-Net model combined with attention. Based on the wheat sample images collected by machine, the Labelme was used to manually label the images, and the images were enhanced by random rotation, scaling, shearing, and horizontal mirroring to construct a basic image dataset; an improved U-Net model combined with attention was designed. The model was classified and identified, and the offline training of the model was implemented under the torch 1.2.0 deep learning framework; the optimal offline model was transplanted to the Nvidia jetson tx2 development kit, and a quantification model of impurity rate was designed based on image information, so as to realize wheat on-line detection of impurity content in mechanized harvesting. The experimental results showed that the comprehensive evaluation index F1 of the improved U-Net model combined with attention was 76.64% and 85.70%, respectively, which were 10.33 percentage points and 2.86 percentage points higher than that of the standard U-Net, and 10.22 percentage points and 11.62 percentage points higher than that of DeepLabV3, which was 18.40 percentage points and 14.67 percentage points higher than that of PSPNet. Quantitative analysis of the detection results of impurity rate showed that in the bench test and field test, the average online detection of impurity rate of the device was 1.69% and 1.48%, respectively, which was higher than the manual detection by 0.26 percentage points and 0.13 percentage points. Qualitative analysis of the test results of impurity rate showed that whether it was a bench test or a field test, the test results of the device and the labor were all less than 2%. It was judged that the operation performance of the combine harvester during the test process met the national standards, and the test results were consistent. Therefore, the online detection method of wheat impurity rate proposed can provide technical support for the online quality control of wheat combined harvesting operations. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Harvesting

Controlled terms: Deep learning? - ?Harvesters? - ?Image enhancement? - ?Quality control

Uncontrolled terms: Attention mechanisms? - ?Bench tests? - ?Impurity rates? - ?Mechanized harvesting? - ?Net model? - ?On-line detection? - ?On-line detection method? - ?Percentage points? - ?U-net model? - ?Wheat

Classification code: 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?913.3 Quality Assurance and Control

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.48E+00%, Percentage 1.69E+00%, Percentage 2.00E+00%, Percentage 7.664E+01%, Percentage 8.57E+01%, Percentage 9.70E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.007

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

40. Out-of-warehouse Evaluation and Prediction Model of Apple Based on Near-infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Multiple Quality Indexes

Accession number: 20232114122206

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhao, Juan (1, 2); Shen, Maosheng (1, 2); Pu, Yuge (1, 2); Chen, Ang (1, 2); Li, Hao (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 386-395

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The physiological characteristics of Fuji apples change during the post-ripening process of storage. If the storage time is too short, the best edible quality cannot be achieved. Excessive storage will seriously reduce the quality, then affects the quality of out-of-warehouse and the selling price. In order to make the fruits during the storage period with better quality for sale, the study on the quality prediction model of apple during storage was carried out, and on this basis, the out-of-warehouse quality of apple was evaluated and predicted. The near-infrared spectrum and quality indexes (soluble solid content (SSC), hardness and weight loss rate) of apple at different times during the whole storage period were collected. The variation rule of fruit diffuse reflectance spectrum and quality index during storage was analyzed. Partial least squares (PLS) and nonlinear autoregressive with external input (NARX) prediction model for apple quality during storage was established based on the diffuse reflectance spectrum in the wavelength range of 1000 ~ 2400 nm, combined with pretreatment and feature wavelength extraction. According to apple industry standards, the judgment basis of apple out-of-warehouse quality was determined, and the TOPSIS method based on entropy weight was used to comprehensively evaluate the fruit out-of-warehouse quality, and realize the prediction of the quality score by PLS and the prediction of multiple quality indexes by NARX. The results showed that when predicting SSC, hardness and weight loss rate, the optimal models were CARS - SPA - PLS, CARS - NARX and SPA - NARX, respectively, the correlation coefficients were 0.914, 0.796 and 0.918, and the root mean square errors were 0. 511°Brix, 0.475 kg/cm and 0.682%. When predicting quality scores, the correlation coefficient and root mean square error of the PLS model were 0. 896 and 0. 0434, respectively, the correlation coefficient of the NARX multi-output model were 0. 794, 0. 785 and 0. 905, and the root mean square errors were 0. 308° Brix, 0.492 kg/cm and 0.714%. The application of near-infrared spectroscopy technology can realize the detection of fruit storage quality and the screening of quality of out-of-warehouse, and the research result can provide a method for efficient storage management technology. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Near infrared spectroscopy

Controlled terms: Coherent scattering? - ?Errors? - ?Forecasting? - ?Fruits? - ?Hardness? - ?Infrared devices? - ?Least squares approximations? - ?Mean square error? - ?Quality assurance? - ?Quality control ? - ?Reflection? - ?Regression analysis? - ?Warehouses

Uncontrolled terms: Apple? - ?Autoregression? - ?Comprehensive assessment? - ?Controlled atmosphere storage? - ?Correlation coefficient? - ?Nonlinear autoregression? - ?Partial least-squares? - ?Prediction modelling? - ?Quality indices? - ?Root mean square errors

Classification code: 694.4 Storage? - ?711 Electromagnetic Waves? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?913.3 Quality Assurance and Control? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Linear density 4.75E+01kg/m, Linear density 4.92E+01kg/m, Percentage 6.82E-01%, Percentage 7.14E-01%, Size 1.00E-06m to 2.40E-06m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.040

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

41. Classification Method of Multi-variety Tea Leaves Based on Improved SqueezeNet Model

Accession number: 20232114122165

Title of translation: SqueezeNet

Authors: Sun, Daozong (1, 2); Ding, Zheng (1); Liu, Jinyuan (1); Liu, Huan (1); Xie, Jiaxine (1, 2); Wang, Weixing (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Electronic Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Cuangdong Provincial Agricultural Information Monitoring Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou; 510642, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Weixing(weixing@scau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 223-230

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to achieve accurate, non-destructive and rapid classification of tea leaf species, the tea leaf species classification was realized through convolutional neural network by taking the images of tea leaves of six varieties under complex background as the research object. The classic lightweight convolutional neural network SqueezeNet was selected, and by adding batch normalization processing in the Fire module, the network parameters were not significantly increased to greatly improve the accuracy of the classification of multi-variety tea leaves. The 3×3 standard convolution kernel was replaced with a depthwise separable convolution, which further reduced the network model and reduced the network’s requirements for hardware resources; by introducing an attention mechanism into each Fire module, the network’s extraction of important feature information was enhanced. The test results showed that the original SqueezeNet model had an accuracy rate of 82. 8% for the classification of multi-variety tea leaves, and the model after adding batch normalization had an accuracy rate of 86. 0% in the test set, and the number of parameters was only 7. 31×105, compared with the parameters before improvement. The amount of calculation was only increased by 0.8%, and the amount of calculation was basically the same as that before the improvement; the model after replacing the 3×3 standard convolution kernel in the Fire module with a depthwise separable convolution model had an accuracy rate of 86. 8% in the test set, and the accuracy rate was increased by 0.8 percentage points, the amount of parameters were decreased to 2. 46×105, the model parameters were decreased by 66. 3%, and the amount of computation was decreased by 60. 4%; the classification accuracy of the model test set after the introduction of the attention mechanism reached 90. 5%, which was increased by 3. 7 percentage points, while the amount of parameters was only increased by 1. 23×105, and the amount of operations was only increased by 2×106. The improved model was further compared with the classic models AlexNet, ResNet18 and the lightweight networks MobilenetV3_Small and ShuffleNetv2. The results showed that the improved model had the best comprehensive performance in the classification of multi-variety tea leaves, and the three indicators of model scale, classification accuracy and classification speed were well balanced. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Convolution

Controlled terms: Classification (of information)? - ?Convolutional neural networks? - ?Fires? - ?Parameter estimation

Uncontrolled terms: Attention mechanisms? - ?Convolutional neural network? - ?Depthwise separable convolution? - ?Leaf classification? - ?Lightweight convolutional neural network? - ?Multi-varieties? - ?Squeezenet? - ?Tea tree leaf classification? - ?Tea-leaves? - ?Tree leaf

Classification code: 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?903.1 Information Sources and Analysis? - ?914.2 Fires and Fire Protection

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 0.00E00%, Percentage 3.00E+00%, Percentage 4.00E+00%, Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 8.00E+00%, Percentage 8.00E-01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.022

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

42. Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Drought in Gansu Province Considering Climate Zoning

Accession number: 20232114122251

Title of translation:

Authors: Zheng, Jian (1, 2); Bao, Tingling (1, 2); Wang, Chunxia (3); Zhao, Yulu (1, 2); Chen, Ya (1, 2); Wang, Yan (1, 4)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (2) Key Laboratory of the System of Biomass Energy and Solar Energy Complementary Energy Supply System in Cansu, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (3) Water Conservancy Research Institute of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Linxia; 731100, China; (4) Collaborative Innovation Center of Key Technology for Northwest Low Carbon Urbanization, Lanzhou; 730050, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 311-320

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Gansu Province is located in an ecologically fragile area, with complex climate conditions, high probability and wide range of drought. In order to better study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of drought in Gansu Province, it was divided into four climate zones according to the climate type and geographical characteristics: the continental climate area of Hexi (Region I), the monsoon climate area in the northern of Longzhong (Region II), the monsoon climate area of Longnan and the south of Longzhong (Region III) and the alpine climate area of Gannan (Region IV). The meteorological data of 26 national meteorological stations in Gansu Province were used to calculate the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index on monthly, quarterly and annual scales (SPEI - 1, SPEI - 3 and SPEI - 12) in the past 60 years (1960-2019). The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of drought in Gansu Province in recent 60 years were discussed by means of climate tendency rate, Mann - Kendall mutation test and spatial interpolation. The results showed that the SPEI values of different time scales showed a decreasing trend from the perspective of time process, and the fluctuation range of SPEI values was smaller as the time scale was increased. For seasonal factor in spring summer and autumn the SPEI values showed a downward trend in fluctuations in all climate regions of Gansu Province. And the downward trend was obvious, indicating a significant drying trend. In winter, the SPEI values showed a rising trend in fluctuations in various climate regions, indicating a trend of wetting. Spatially, it showed a humid trend in Region I of Gansu Province, but it was dire in Region II, HI and IV of Gansu Province. And in spring, the drought in various climate regions of Gansu Province had an obvious trend of aggravation, followed by summer and autumn, while in winter, the drought was basically slowed down. The frequency of occurrence of different levels of drought in different climate regions of Gansu Province was very different and uneven, and the drought frequency from smallest to largest was extreme drought, moderate drought, heavy drought and mild drought. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Drought

Controlled terms: Atmospheric thermodynamics? - ?Evapotranspiration? - ?Spatial distribution

Uncontrolled terms: Climate condition? - ?Climate regions? - ?Distribution characteristics? - ?Gansu province? - ?High probability? - ?Monsoon climate? - ?Spatial and temporal distribution? - ?Spatial distribution characteristic? - ?Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index? - ?Temporal and spatial variation

Classification code: 405.3 Surveying? - ?443.1 Atmospheric Properties? - ?443.3 Precipitation? - ?444 Water Resources? - ?641.1 Thermodynamics? - ?902.1 Engineering Graphics? - ?921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Age 6.00E+01yr

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.032

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

43. Burying Stubble and Anti-blocking Deep Fertilization Composite Device for Rapeseed Direct Planting in High Stubble and Heavy Soil Rice Stubble Field

Accession number: 20232114129543

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Lei (1, 2); Bian, Qiwang (1, 2); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2); Wang, Biao (1); Liao, Yitao (1, 2); Zhang, Qingsong (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricult Ural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Qingsong(qszhang@mail.hzau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 83-94

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: During rapeseed direct seeding operation in rice-rapeseed rotation area of mid-lower Yangtze River, because the soil is sticky and hardened, the stubble of the fore crop of rice on the surface is high, and the large amount of straw is retained, which leads to the production problems of easy winding of rotary tillage part, low straw burying rate, easy hanging of grass and blockage of deep fertilization shovel, difficult to realize deep fertilization operation, a burying stubble and anti-blocking deep fertilization composite operation device for rapeseed direct planting was developed to adapt high stubble and heavy soil rice stubble field. The structural parameters of the deep rotary curved blade, the shallow rotary curved blade, and anti-blocking straight rotary blade of the burying stubble and anti-blocking blade roller, and the deep fertilization shovel were determined. Meanwhile, the arrangement and installation mode of the rotary blade and the deep fertilizing shovel were defined. EDEM simulation was used to analyze the straw burying and spatial distribution, the distribution depth after deep application of granular fertilizer, and the mixing results of soil particles in the plough layer soil after machine operation. The test results showed that when the working speed was 2.5km/h, the tillage depth was 150mm, and the burying stubble and anti-blocking blade roller rotating speed was 345r/min, the straw burying rate was 86.53% and the fertilization depth was 83~106mm. The validation test of four field working conditions of the rotary tillage and deep fertilization device was carried out. The field test results showed that the deep fertilization part had good anti-blockage performance in the field. When the rotary tillage and deep fertilization device operated on the sticky surface with high stubble, the fertilization depth was 87.4~109.5mm, the straw burying rate was 86.69%~90.35%, and the uniformity of the ridge was 16.48~22.65mm, the broken rate of soil was 81.24%~92.13%. which could meet the test requirements of fertilization depth and seedbed preparing during rapeseed direct seeding. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Soils

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery? - ?Crops? - ?Mechanization? - ?Oilseeds? - ?Rollers (machine components)? - ?Shovels

Uncontrolled terms: Blockings? - ?Burying stubble and anti-blocking? - ?Deep fertilization? - ?Direct planter for rapesed? - ?Fertilisation? - ?High stubble and heavy soil rice stubble field? - ?High stubbles? - ?Plantings? - ?Rotary tillages? - ?Seedbed preparing

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?601 Mechanical Design? - ?601.2 Machine Components? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 5.7615E+00rad/s, Percentage 8.124E+01%, Percentage 8.653E+01%, Percentage 8.669E+01%, Percentage 9.035E+01%, Percentage 9.213E+01%, Size 1.50E-01m, Size 1.648E-02m to 2.265E-02m, Size 2.50E+03m, Size 8.30E-02m to 1.06E-01m, Size 8.74E-02m to 1.095E-01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.008

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

44. Urechis unicinctus Burrows Recognition Method Based on Improved YOLO v4

Accession number: 20232114122253

Title of translation: YOLO v4

Authors: Feng, Juan (1, 2); Liang, Xiangyu (1); Zeng, Lihua (3, 4); Song, Xiaolu (1); Zhou, Xixing (5)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Big Data, Baoding; 071001, China; (3) College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou; 510631, China; (4) Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou; 510631, China; (5) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China

Corresponding author: Zeng, Lihua(zenglh@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 265-274

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to realize the real time detection of Urechis unicinctus burrows in the actual aquaculture pond scene, and provide support for the automatic harvesting and yield prediction of Urechis unicinctus, a deep learning based identification method of Urechis unicinctus burrows was proposed. In view of the limited storage space of the embedded equipment of harvesting vessel and high real time requirements for target detection, the YOLO v4 model had a large number of parameters and a slow detection speed. By replacing the backbone network CSPDarkNet53 of YOLO v4 with a lightweight Mobilenet v2 to reduce the amount of network model parameters and improve the detection speed. On this basis, depthwise separable convolution blocks were used instead of the normal convolution blocks in the Neck and Detection Head parts of the original network to further reduce the number of model parameters. For the poor quality of underwater images, the multi-scale retinex with color restoration (MSRCR) algorithm was selected for image enhancement. Finally, for the original anchor box obtained by clustering the COCO dataset, which was not suitable for small target recognition, the K-means + + algorithm was used to recluster the dataset and optimize the linear scaling of the obtained new anchor box size to obtain the most suitable anchor box for the dataset in order to improve the target detection effect. To simulate the automatic capture scene of Urechis unicinctus, a set of image acquisition equipment with an unmanned ship as the main body was built, and an image data set was established through the collected video to conduct experiments. The trained model deployed on the embedded device Jetson AGX Xavier can detect mean average precision (mAP) of underwater Urechis unicinctus burrows up to 92. 26% with detection speed of 36 f/s and model size of only 22. 2 MB. Experiments showed that the method achieved a better balance of detection speed and accuracy and can meet the demand of practical application scenarios where the model was deployed in the embedded equipment of the Urechis unicinctus harvesting vessel. It provided a reference for the subsequent automatic harvesting of Urechis unicinctus and yield prediction in breeding ponds. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 10

Main heading: Harvesting

Controlled terms: Convolution? - ?Deep learning? - ?Digital storage? - ?Image enhancement? - ?Lakes

Uncontrolled terms: Anchor optimization? - ?Anchor-box? - ?Detection speed? - ?Embedded equipments? - ?Optimisations? - ?Targets detection? - ?Urechi unicincti burrow? - ?Urechis unicinctus? - ?Yield prediction? - ?YOLO v4

Classification code: 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering? - ?716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.60E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.027

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

45. Design and Experiment of Spoon Chain Seed Metering Mechanism of Precutting Vibration Seed Feeding Cassava Planter

Accession number: 20232114129661

Title of translation:

Authors: Mou, Xiangwei (1); Chen, Lintao (1); Ma, Xu (2); Xue, Junxiang (1); Xiang, Jinshan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Teachers College for Vocational and Technical Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin; 541004, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Lintao(cltl3424050147@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 20-31

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In the earlier stage, a stepped vibrating seed sowing mechanism in the seed supply link of the precutting cassava seeder was designed. In order to further realize the precision seeding of cassava seed stems, a seed sowing mechanism was designed behind the stepped vibrating seed sowing mechanism to complete reliable seed filling and precision seeding. However, it was blind to take a single kind of stem from the cassava seed stem group that had been adjusted and sequenced through the seed metering mechanism scoop, which was easy to cause problems such as missing filling and reseeding. The spoon chain seed metering mechanism was further designed to solve the problems of seed filling difficulty and low seeding qualification index of the current precutting cassava precision seeder. The working principle of the seeder and the parameters related to the design of the spoon chain metering mechanism were described. Based on the theory of the fastest descent line, the parameters of the seed scoops of the metering mechanism were designed. The forces on the cassava seed stems and the motion state during the seed filling and seed feeding process of the mechanism were theoretically analyzed. It was determined that the significant factors affecting the seed filling performance were the type of seed scoops, the number of seed scoops, the motion speed of the conveyor chain, and the seed filling angle. Single factor simulation was carried out by using EDEM software, and the influence rules of different test factors on seed filling performance were obtained. The response surface BBD simulation test was carried out to determine the optimal factor parameter combination. The prototype seeder was developed for bench and field tests. The results showed that when the seed filling angle was 37°, the number of seed scoops was 12, and the moving speed of the conveyor chain was 0.63m/s, the qualified index of seed filling was 93.8%, and the missed filling index was 1.9%. The field experiment showed that the spoon chain seed metering mechanism of the precut seed vibrating seed feeding cassava seeder had better performance and it can meet the agronomic requirements of precision cassava sowing. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Finite difference method

Controlled terms: Conveyors? - ?Filling? - ?Plants (botany)? - ?Software testing

Uncontrolled terms: Cassavum? - ?Discrete elements method? - ?Metering mechanisms? - ?Performance? - ?Precision seede? - ?Precut seed type? - ?Scoop chain metering mechanism? - ?Seed filling? - ?Seed metering? - ?Seed sowing

Classification code: 691.2 Materials Handling Methods? - ?692.1 Conveyors? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.90E+00%, Percentage 9.38E+01%, Velocity 6.30E-01m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.002

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

46. Visual Classification Decision-making Method for Agricultural Robots Based on Ontology and Cognitive Experience

Accession number: 20232114122074

Title of translation:

Authors: Xiong, Juntao (1); Liao, Shisheng (1); Liang, Junhao (1); Wei, Tingling (1); Chen, Shumian (1); Zheng, Zhenhui (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mathematics and Information, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 208-215

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: It is of great significance to realize the intelligent cognitive decision-making ability of robots in the agricultural field and help the further development of smart agriculture that researchers use human cognitive experience and objective knowledge to assist computers and robots in object cognition and behavioral decision-making under the small sample data situation. On the prerequisites of the ability to recognize and judge basic attribute information such as image color and image shape by using methods such as statistical counting and support vector machine(SVM), tools such as Protege was firstly used to build a professional knowledge base for fruit recognition and classification based on human cognitive experience and objective knowledge in object recognition. Then, under the rules set by artificial experience, the color information and shape information obtained from the image were used as the input of the knowledge base, and the classification results of the items in the image were obtained through matching reasoning. The experiments selected and used 2 091 images from the Fruit360 public data set for the first part experiment, which included multiple fruit images of grapes, bananas, and cherries. The research firstly selected 30 images of grapes, bananas and cherries as the training set and validation set for the computer’s image attribute ability learning, and then the image classification performance was tested on the data set of the first part experiment. The experimental results showed that the image classification accuracy of grapes and cherries was 100%, and that of bananas was 93. 30%. Subsequently, totally 984 yellow peach images in the Fruit360 public data set were selected as the data set for the second part experiment. By only adding the knowledge of yellow peach to the professional knowledge base built with ontology technology, the classification accuracy of the images can reach 97. 05%. All experimental results showed that the proposed method can effectively accomplish the task of image classification decision-making and the method had good process interpretability, ability sharing and scalability. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Image classification

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Classification (of information)? - ?Decision making? - ?Fruits? - ?Intelligent robots? - ?Knowledge based systems? - ?Object recognition? - ?Ontology? - ?Support vector machines

Uncontrolled terms: Attribute learning? - ?Classification decision? - ?Cognitive decision makings? - ?Data set? - ?Images classification? - ?Knowledge base? - ?Ontology technology? - ?Professional knowledge? - ?Public data? - ?Smart agricultures

Classification code: 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?723.4.1 Expert Systems? - ?731.5 Robotics? - ?731.6 Robot Applications? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?903.1 Information Sources and Analysis? - ?912.2 Management

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00E+02%, Percentage 3.00E+01%, Percentage 5.00E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.020

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.

47. Response of Wheat Field Microbial Respiration and Its Entropy to Different Supplementary Irrigation under Ridge-furrow Mulching System

Accession number: 20232114122229

Title of translation:

Authors: Xu, Yueyue (1); Wang, Yingxin (2); Ma, Xiangcheng (2); Cai, Tie (2); Jia, Zhikuan (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Shanxi Institute of Organic Dryland Farming, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan; 030031, China; (2) College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Issue date: 2023

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 321-329 and 409

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Soil microbial respiration and its entropy (soil metabolic entropy and microbial entropy) are important parameters indicating soil carbon metabolic activity and sensitivity indicators of soil quality, which can reveal the impact of environmental or biological factor changes on soil earlier. Ridge-furrow mulching system is an efficient water-saving cultivation mode widely used in dry farmland in China. In order to prove the influence of limited supplementary irrigation on soil quality under the condition of wheat field, three rainfall conditions (high flow year was 275 mm, normal flow year was 200 mm, and dry year was 125 mm) and four irrigation treatments (150 mm, 75 mm, 37. 5 mm, and 0 mm) under the ridgefurrow mulching system (RF) were set up during the growth period. Traditional flat planting (TF) was used as the control. The soil microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, and its entropy (soil metabolic entropy and microbial entropy) were determined in different soil layers under RF and TF. The results obtained after three years (October 2017 to June 2020) showed that RF had more significant effects on the soil microbial respiration and microbial entropy in the upper soil layer compared with those in the deep soil. Under the same amount of rainfall and supplementary irrigation during the growth period of winter wheat, soil microbial respiration levels under RF in the upper and deep soil layers were 2. 47% ~ 21. 67% and 3. 28% ~ 24. 59% higher compared with TF, respectively, and the difference was significant in the years with low flow year (125 mm). The microbial entropy was increased by 9. 09% ~ 27. 05% and 11. 9% ~ 24. 76% in the upper and deep soil layers, respectively, under RF. These results provided a scientific basis for predicting the soil quality and planning irrigation management for fields under RF by clarifying its effects on the sustainable development of land. ? 2023 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 42

Main heading: Entropy

Controlled terms: Cultivation? - ?Farms? - ?Irrigation? - ?Metabolism? - ?Organic carbon? - ?Rain? - ?Soils? - ?Sustainable development? - ?Water conservation

Uncontrolled terms: Deep soil layer? - ?Farmland water saving? - ?Growth period? - ?Plantings? - ?Soil layer? - ?Soil microbial respiration? - ?Soils qualities? - ?Supplementary irrigation? - ?Water-saving? - ?Wheat fields

Classification code: 443.3 Precipitation? - ?444 Water Resources? - ?483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?641.1 Thermodynamics? - ?804.1 Organic Compounds? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.80E+01%, Percentage 4.70E+01%, Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 5.90E+01%, Percentage 6.70E+01%, Percentage 7.60E+01%, Percentage 9.00E+00%, Size 0.00E00m, Size 1.25E-01m, Size 1.50E-01m, Size 2.00E-01m, Size 2.75E-01m, Size 5.00E-03m, Size 7.50E-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.02.033

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc.