农业机械学报

2020年增刊1共收录71篇

1. Kinematic Characteristic Analysis and Field Test of Chopped Stalk in Straw Retention Machine Based on CFD-DEM Coupling Simulation Method

Accession number: 20204809562249

Title of translation: CFD-DEM

Authors: Liu, Peng (1); He, Jin (1); Zhang, Zhiqiang (1); Lu, Caiyun (1); Zhang, Zhenguo (1); Lin, Han (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: He, Jin(hejin@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 244-253

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Corn straw retention of which need chopped quality and spreading uniformity to fit performance standard, is an important method to overcome waste and open burning of corn straw. However, because of lacking mechanical and motion characters of chopped straw in chopped charmer, which lead to difficultly know the kinematic and dynamic characters of chopped straw in chopped charmer, the development of straw spreading uniformity device was constraint. The computational fluid dynamics technology (CFD)-discrete element method (DEM) coupling simulation was used to conduct motion and force analysis of chopped corn straw at different chopped shaft rotation velocities (1 900 r/min, 2 100 r/min and 2 300 r/min). The simulation results conducted that most chopped straws flowed out from the top of the chopped charmer after multiple collisions, and small part of chopped straw flowed out from the bottom of the chopped charmer and rotates around the chopping knife shaft. In the chopped charmer, the air flow velocity in the area of the chopping knife shaft and the exit of the chopped charmer was larger than the surroundings. Simultaneously, vortex region was generated near chopped knife shaft area and the front wall of chopped charmer. The average interaction force between air and chopped straw was small, and the maximum average interaction force was 0.000 763 N. Fluctuation range of average interaction force between air and chopped straw and average interaction force between chopped straw were increased with the increase of rotation velocity of chopped knife shaft. This was the reason of collision increasing between chopped straw. Consequently, the energy of chopped straw in the motion was decreased. The maximum average interaction force between chopped straw was 10.61 N, 7.78 N and 18.76 N at 1 900 r/min, 2 100 r/min and 2 300 r/min, respectively. After 0.2 s, the violent fluctuation of average interaction force between chopped straw and chopped knife shaft wall was occurred, especially at the rotation velocity of chopped knife shaft of 1 900 r/min or 2 100 r/min. The maximum average interaction force between chopped straw and chopped knife shaft wall was 123.73 N and 184.88 N, respectively. The average interaction force at 2 300 r/min after 0.5 s was fluctuated within (175.228±19.08) N, and its fluctuation intensity was less than 1 900 r/min and 2 000 r/min. After 0.8 s, the average interaction force between chopped straw and chopped knife shaft wall was fluctuated within (112.36±8.32) N, (101.15±8.02) N and (107.25±4.97) N at 1 900 r/min, 2 100 r/min and 2 300 r/min, respectively. The average energy of chopped straw in chopped charmer showed a trend of increasing fluctuations. Increasing the speed of chopped knife shaft from 1 900 r/min to 2 100 r/min, the average energy of chopped straw was not obvious. However, when it was increased to 2 300 r/min, the average energy of chopped straw was increased significantly, with the maximum increase rate of 68.26% and 63.92%, compared with 1 900 r/min and 2 100 r/min, respectively. In addition, average pitch angle of chopped straw was fluctuated within 89°. Importantly, the change of air flow field and chopped straw motion charmer would directly impact the chopped straw uniform distribution. The simulation results based on CFD-DEM coupling simulation conducted that chopped straw uniform distribution at 1 900 r/min, 2 100 r/min and 2 300 r/min was (85.40±4.77)%, (78.52±5.56)% and (75.17±5.32)%, respectively. The field test results conducted that chopped straw uniform distribution at 1 900 r/min, 2 100 r/min and 2 300 r/min was (82.35±6.57)%, (76.14±7.18)% and (74.22±5.65)%, respectively. Furthermore, the working power at 1 900 r/min, 2 100 r/min and 2 300 r/min was 8.83 kW, 9.51 kW and 13.16 kW, respectively. The field test and simulation results all conducted that when the length of chopped straw met the requirement, increasing rotation velocity of chopped shaft was not conducive to improving the uniformity distribution and correctness of CFD-DEM simulation results were confirmed. Importantly, the working power dissipation would be sharply increased with the increase of rotation velocity of chopped knife shaft when corn straw chopping qualified rate satisfied with the standard. The research would provide the reference to design and optimization of corn straw chopped and spread machine. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Computational fluid dynamics

Controlled terms: Air? - ?Finite difference method? - ?Flow velocity? - ?Kinematics? - ?Rotation? - ?Velocity

Uncontrolled terms: Coupling simulation? - ?Design and optimization? - ?Fluctuation intensity? - ?Interaction forces? - ?Kinematic characteristics? - ?Multiple collisions? - ?Performance standards? - ?Uniform distribution

Classification code: 631 Fluid Flow? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods? - ?931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Force 1.06e+01N, Force 1.24e+02N, Force 1.85e+02N, Force 1.88e+01N, Force 7.78e+00N, Percentage 6.39e+01%, Percentage 6.83e+01%, Power 1.32e+04W, Power 8.83e+03W, Power 9.51e+03W, Rotational_Speed 1.90e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 1.90e+03RPM to 2.10e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.00e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.10e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.30e+03RPM, Time 2.00e-01s, Time 5.00e-01s, Time 8.00e-01s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.028

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

2. Design and Experiment of Mass Flow Sensor for Granular Fertilizer

Accession number: 20204809562541

Title of translation:

Authors: Jia, Honglei (1); Wen, Xiangyu (2); Wang, Gang (2); Liu, Huili (2); Guo, Hui (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Gang(gw611004@jlu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 130-136

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Variable rate fertilization has the advantages of improving fertilizer-utilization efficiency, protecting ecological environment as well as saving agricultural production cost. But it has not been widely applied yet, besides it is hard for getting the prescription figure, lacking closed-loop detection is another major reason. Closed-loop control is one critical step towards realizing the variable rate fertilization, compared with the indirect measurement which monitors the axis speed, it is more accurate by monitoring the real-time mass flow rate. If there existed the fertilizer caking that blocked the fertilizer apparatus, it is useless for monitoring the axis speed. Based on the electrostatic induction theory, a sensor that could monitor the mass flow rate of granular fertilizer was designed. Owing to the frictions and collisions between the granular fertilizer and the air, the granular fertilizer and the fertilizer tube, as well as the frictions and collisions among the granular fertilizer themselves, therefore, the granular fertilizers would carry a certain amount of electric charges. One ring electrode was designed to detect the strength of the electric charges, subsequently, a corresponding current amplifying circuit was utilized to export the induced current. The real-time mass flow rate could be obtained by calibrating the relationship between it and the induced current. One test-bed was established in order to finish the task, the test-bed mainly included one dynamic signal acquisition system, one fertilizer box, one current amplifier and the sensor. Large granular urea (CO(NH2)2), superphosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2?H2O) as well as potassium chloride (KCl) were chosen as the research objects, their mean bulk densities were 0.7 g/cm3, 1.2 g/cm3 and 1.1 g/cm3, respectively. According to the physical parameters of the fertilizer apparatus, the approximate target mass flow rates could be acquired by adjusting the axis speeds, and the target mass flow rates were ranged from 3 g/s to 15 g/s with increment of 1 g/s. With respect to each mass flow rate, four replicates were conducted. Each replicate lasted for 30 s, and the fertilizer apparatus was started at the same time with the signal acquisition system. The average induced current and average mass flow rate were used to establish related regression equations, thus the real-time mass flow rate could be got by interpolation method. Subsequently, totally 25 experiments of each fertilizer were conducted to study the measurement accuracy, the targeted mass flow rates for each experiment were composited by five randomized mass flow rates, and each mass flow rate would last for 6 s. The real mass during the 30 s would be weighed by balance, while the detective mass was calculated by integrating the mass flow rate and time curves. The experimental results showed that there was no significant difference between the detective mass and the real mass (P>0.1), and the detective errors for large granular urea, superphosphate as well as potassium chloride were 3.9%, 5.1% and 5.9%, the corresponding standard errors were 5.21, 7.98 and 11.29. In regards to the granular fertilizer, the larger of the superficial area was, the easier of getting induced charge and saturation was. Consequently, the induced current would be larger, and the detective ring electrode was more sensitive on relative larger induced current. The mean diameters of the large granular urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride were 4.43 mm, 2.77 mm and 2.03 mm, so the mean superficial areas should be in the same order, conclusions that generated from the research results showed that the detective error was increased along with the decrease of granular dimensions. SPSS 22.0 was used to handle further statistical analysis, the error distributions of three fertilizers were accorded with normal distribution, which meant the errors would be within ±6% under most of circumstances, the mathematical expectations of the detective errors were 3.74%, 4.93% and 5.22% for large granular urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride respectively. The mass flow rate sensor that used for granular fertilizer could satisfy the requirements of real-time detection, the test-bed that designed could provide references for the research of variable rate fertilization. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 37

Main heading: Flow rate

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Agriculture? - ?Chlorine compounds? - ?Closed loop control systems? - ?Electric charge? - ?Electrodes? - ?Electrostatics? - ?Equipment testing? - ?Errors? - ?Friction ? - ?Induced currents? - ?Mass transfer? - ?Metabolism? - ?Normal distribution? - ?Potash? - ?Potassium chloride? - ?Signal processing? - ?Urea? - ?Urea fertilizers

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural productions? - ?Closed-loop detections? - ?Ecological environments? - ?Electrostatic induction? - ?Indirect measurements? - ?Mathematical expectation? - ?Utilization efficiency? - ?Variable rate fertilization

Classification code: 631 Fluid Flow? - ?641.3 Mass Transfer? - ?701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena? - ?716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?804.1 Organic Compounds? - ?804.2 Inorganic Compounds? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?922.1 Probability Theory? - ?961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 1.10e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.20e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.00e+02kg/m3, Mass_Flow_Rate 1.00e-03kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 3.00e-03kg/s to 1.50e-02kg/s, Percentage 3.74e+00%, Percentage 3.90e+00%, Percentage 4.93e+00%, Percentage 5.10e+00%, Percentage 5.22e+00%, Percentage 5.90e+00%, Size 2.03e-03m, Size 2.77e-03m, Size 4.43e-03m, Time 6.00e+00s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.015

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

3. Parameters Optimization of Ankle Push-off of Planar Bipedal Robot Based on Genetic Algorithm

Accession number: 20204809562527

Title of translation:

Authors: Ji, Qiaoli (1); Qian, Zhihui (1); Ren, Lei (1, 2); Ren, Luquan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester; M13 9PL, United Kingdom

Corresponding author: Ren, Lei(lei.ren@manchester.ac.uk)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 584-591

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Ankle push-off is defined as the generation stage of burst of positive power by muscle-tendon units about the ankle joint during the step-to-step transition in human walking. It primarily contributes to both leg swing and to center of mass (COM) acceleration during human walking. However, the influence of ankle push-off on the walking speed and mechanical cost of transport of biped robots has been paid less attention. In order to improve the motion economy of the biped robot, the influence of the amount and timing of ankle push-off on the walking speed was studied. The simulation model of planar biped robot was established in Matlab/Simulink and the corresponding control program was built. In trajectory planning module, the quintic polynomial function was used to generate the motion trajectory of hip and knee joints during stance and swing phases. The PD controller was used for both hip and knee joints of the simulated robot. The application process of ankle torque can be divided into four stages: early stance stage, push-off stage, early swing stage and late swing stage. The push-off height was corresponding to the push-off timing. When the height of the ankle joint of the leading leg was less than the push-off height and the hip joint angle was within the range of -0.6θ~-0.4θ, the ankle joint of the trailing leg entered the push-off stage and the amount of ankle torque was the push-off torque. When the ankle angle was greater than 20°, the push-off phase ended and the trailing leg would start to swing. In order to prevent the foot of swing leg from scuffing with the ground in the early swing stage, the ankle joint was controlled within a certain angle range using the state machine of ankle joint torque. The ankle joint was in passive mode in the late swing stage and the early stance stage. With walking speed as the objective function, genetic algorithm was used to optimize the amount and timing of ankle push-off under different step lengths. Taking the dimensionless speed and dimensionless mechanical cost of transport as indicators to evaluate the performance of biped robots, the results showed that as the step length was increased from 40° to 60°, the walking speed and mechanical cost of transport of the robot was increased accordingly. When the step length was 60°, the torque of ankle push-off was 41 N?m, and the push-off timing was 43.82% of the one gait cycle, the maximum walking speed of the simulated robot was 0.48, and the corresponding mechanical cost of transport was 2.97. Taking the ratio of speed to mechanical cost of transport as an index to evaluate the economy of robot gait, the results showed that the simulation robot obtained the economy gait when the step length was 50°, the torque of push-off was 35 N?m, and the push-off timing was 45.18% of the gait period. The corresponding speed and mechanical cost of transport were 0.43 and 2.26, respectively. In addition, the ground reaction forces of the robot had three wave peaks. When the step length was 50° and 60°, with the appearance of the ankle push-off stage (43%~60%), the ground reaction force appeared the third wave peak and the peak values were 245.45 N and 281.23 N, respectively. The results provided a reference for the biped robot to select appropriate ankle push-off parameters under a specific step length. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Robots

Controlled terms: Biophysics? - ?Function evaluation? - ?Gait analysis? - ?Genetic algorithms? - ?Joints (anatomy)? - ?MATLAB? - ?Speed? - ?Torque

Uncontrolled terms: Application process? - ?Ground reaction forces? - ?Objective functions? - ?Parameters optimization? - ?Planar biped robots? - ?Planar bipedal robot? - ?Quintic polynomials? - ?Trajectory Planning

Classification code: 461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics? - ?461.9 Biology? - ?731.5 Robotics? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods? - ?931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

Numerical data indexing: Force 2.45e+02N, Force 2.81e+02N, Percentage 4.38e+01%, Percentage 4.52e+01%, Torque 3.50e+01N*m, Torque 4.10e+01N*m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.070

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

4. Optimization Design and Experiment for Rack of Orchard Ditching-fertilizer Machine

Accession number: 20204809562261

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Shuangxi (1, 2); Xu, Chunbao (1); Zhang, Hongjian (1, 3); Zhang, Chengfu (4); Liu, Xuemei (1); Wang, Jinxing (1, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Tai’an; 271018, China; (3) Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Intelligence, Tai’an; 271018, China; (4) Gaomi City Yifeng Machinery Co., Ltd., Gaomi; 261500, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Jinxing(jinxingw@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 113-122

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: China has superior natural conditions and is suitable for the growth of fruit trees. It is a big fruit producing country. The cultivation area and yield of fruit trees rank first in the world all year round. Fertilization of fruit trees is a key link in orchard management. Ditching fertilizer machine is an important equipment to realize mechanized fertilization in orchard. In order to improve the dynamic performance of orchard ditching fertilizer machine, avoid resonance, and ensure ditching consistency and fertilization stability, the multi-objective optimization design of its rack was carried out. Firstly, the parametric model and finite element model for the rack of the orchard ditching fertilizer machine were established. Secondly, through modal analysis, the natural frequency and vibration mode of the rack were obtained, and its influence on the dynamic performance of the whole machine was studied, and the first-order modal frequency was set as the objective function. Through the sensitivity analysis of the rack, the sensitivity of each member thickness to the first-order modal frequency was obtained. The thickness of the sensitive member was set as the design variable, and its thickness variation range was set as the constraint condition. According to the requirements of modern agricultural machinery structure lightweight design, the quality of the rack was also taken as the objective function. On the basis of objective function, design variables and constraints, the mathematical model of multi-objective optimization of rack was constructed. Then, based on Hammersley sampling method, totally 42 groups of test samples were selected according to the constraint conditions to design the experiment, and the corresponding target values were calculated. According to the experimental design results, the moving least square method was determined and the corresponding response surface was fitted. Among them, the complex correlation coefficient R2 of the first-order modal frequency response surface model was 0.997 4, and the complex correlation coefficient R2 of the mass response surface model was 0.999 9, which were all higher than the accuracy required by the fitting model of 0.9, which met the design requirements. Finally, based on response surface methodology and multi-objective genetic algorithm, the structure optimization design for the rack of the orchard ditching fertilizer machine was carried out. The optimization results showed that the first-order modal frequency of the optimized rack of the orchard ditching fertilizer machine was increased by 8.25% from the original value of 35.39 Hz to 38.31 Hz, and was far away from the input frequency of the tractor; the optimized mass was 389 kg, which can meet the requirements of minimum mass when the first-order modal frequency was raised. After optimization, the ditching consistency and fertilization stability of orchard ditching and fertilizing machine were increased by 3.72% and 3.57% respectively compared with those before optimization, and the improvement effect was obvious, which met the requirements of orchard ditching and fertilization production. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Structural design

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Cultivation? - ?Design of experiments? - ?Fertilizers? - ?Forestry? - ?Frequency response? - ?Fruits? - ?Functions? - ?Genetic algorithms? - ?Least squares approximations ? - ?Machine design? - ?Modal analysis? - ?Multiobjective optimization? - ?Orchards? - ?Sensitivity analysis? - ?Structural optimization? - ?Surface properties? - ?Vibration analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Complex correlation coefficient? - ?Constraint conditions? - ?Moving least square methods? - ?Multi-objective genetic algorithm? - ?Objective functions? - ?Response surface methodology? - ?Response surface modeling? - ?Structure optimization

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General? - ?601 Mechanical Design? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?901.3 Engineering Research? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Frequency 3.54e+01Hz to 3.83e+01Hz, Mass 3.89e+02kg, Percentage 3.57e+00%, Percentage 3.72e+00%, Percentage 8.25e+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.013

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

5. Design and Test of Layered Variable Rate Fertilizer Discharge Control System for Organic Fertilizer Deep Applicator

Accession number: 20204809562263

Title of translation:

Authors: Yuan, Quanchun (1); Xu, Liming (1); Niu, Cong (1); Ma, Shuai (1); Yan, Chenggong (1); Zhao, Shijian (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Xu, Liming(xlmoffice@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 195-202

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Due to the different soil nutrients in different depths of orchard, and the ability of fruit tree roots to absorb fertilizer is different, the layered variable deep application of organic fertilizer can solve the problems of uneven distribution of nutrients and low utilization rate of fertilizer in traditional fertilization. In view of the electro-hydraulic control of layered variable rate fertilizer discharge, a fertilizer discharge control system was designed, which can calculate the theoretical speed of hydraulic motor in real time according to the theoretical fertilizer amount of each layer set by the user and the forward speed of the unit. PID algorithm was used to control the opening of the proportional flow valve, and the motor speed was adjusted to drive the screw conveyor to discharge fertilizer, so as to realize the layered variable rate fertilizer discharge. PID algorithm usually needed to adjust the parameters such as proportion, integral, differential coefficient and sampling time to obtain better control performance. Matlab/Simulink is a powerful simulation software, which can establish the control system model and carry out simulation. It can quickly and conveniently adjust PID parameters. But it is necessary to establish the mathematical model of the controlled object. It is difficult to establish an accurate mathematical model for the valve controlled motor speed control system because of its nonlinearity, time-varying and hysteresis. AMESim is a multi-disciplinary complex system modeling and simulation platform, especially suitable for hydraulic system simulation and analysis. The hydraulic system model was built in AMESim, the control model was built in Matlab/Simulink, and the joint simulation results were more accurate and reliable. The hydraulic system mainly included gear pump, relief valve, differential pressure reducing valve, proportional throttle valve and hydraulic motor. According to the sample of hydraulic components, the hydraulic system model was completed in AMESim, the parameters of each component was set, the rotating load was set according to the actual working environment, the speed sensor and coupling interface was added. The PID control simulation model was established in Matlab/Simulink, and the parameters were adjusted through joint simulation. When the values of proportional, integral and differential coefficients were 0.005, 0.05 and 0, respectively, and the sampling time was 0.5 s, the control performance was the best. The adjusted algorithm was used in the bench test of speed regulation performance and fertilizer discharge performance. The regulation performance test results showed that the speed regulation performance was good, the maximum overshoot was 14 r/min and the maximum time to reach the stable speed was 6 s. The simulation results were accurate and reliable, AMESim-Matlab/Simulink joint simulation can quickly and conveniently research the layered variable rate fertilizer control algorithm, and adjust algorithm parameters. The fertilizer discharge performance test results showed that the accuracy and uniformity of fertilizer discharge can meet the requirements, the maximum relative error of fertilizer discharge was 6.20%, the maximum coefficient of variation was 8.69%. The control system had better control performance, and it can provide technical support for layered variable rate deep application of organic fertilizer in orchard. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Fertilizers

Controlled terms: Hydraulic motors? - ?MATLAB? - ?Nutrients? - ?Orchards? - ?Parameter estimation? - ?Pressure relief valves? - ?Proportional control systems? - ?Speed? - ?Speed control? - ?Speed regulators ? - ?Three term control systems

Uncontrolled terms: Coefficient of variation? - ?Complex system modeling? - ?Differential coefficient? - ?Discharge control systems? - ?Electro-hydraulic control? - ?Hydraulic system modeling? - ?Maximum relative errors? - ?Variable rate fertilizers

Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components? - ?632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?731.3 Specific Variables Control? - ?732.1 Control Equipment? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 6.20e+00%, Percentage 8.69e+00%, Rotational_Speed 1.40e+01RPM, Time 5.00e-01s, Time 6.00e+00s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.022

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

6. Design and Experiment of Tray Separating and Embedding Machine for Rice Pot Seedlings

Accession number: 20204809562519

Title of translation:

Authors: Sun, Zeqiang (1); Du, Xiaoqiang (1, 2); Li, Yuechan (1); Ding, Kun (1); Yu, Yaxin (1, 2); Chen, Jianneng (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou; 310018, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Jianneng(jiannengchen@zstu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 85-92 and 101

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In the nursery factory for rice potseedlings, the soft plastic potseedling tray is embedded into a hard tray manually which increased the cost and the labor intensity. In order to improve the automation level of rice pot seedling nursery factory, an automatic soft tray separating and embedding machine was designed, which can be integrated with the rice seeding pipeline to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency. The automatic soft tray separating and embedding machine mainly consisted of tray separating section and tray embedding section. The separating section included the vacuum clamping mechanism and tray lifting mechanism; the embedding section included the tray turnover mechanism, embedding mechanism and conveying mechanism. According to the pulling force test for separating soft tray, the peak tensile force was varied in the range of 0.807~2.030 N. The vacuum suckers were used to separate the plastic soft trays that were stacked upside down. Then the type and amount of the vacuum suckers was determined. The catching points were set at the outer wall of the holes on the edge of the tray which had enough space for the suckers. By analyzing the overall force applied to the tray, the minimum air pressure for separating the tray was calculated to be 57.924 kPa. After the tray was separated, it was turned 180° by the tray turnover mechanism and sent to the tray embedding section. A hard tray was conveyed and stopped at a fixed position by the conveying mechanism.Then the tray embedding mechanism clamped the tray and moved downward to place the soft tray into the hard tray. The kinematic analysis of the separation mechanism was carried out. The open width variation of the clamping mechanism was determined, so that the time required for the clamping mechanism to clamp the tray can be calculated. The minimum separation height of 20.47 mm was determined based on the tray deformation analysis by ANSYS, the height of the tray and the gap between the trays. According to the design requirements of the overall machine, the control scheme of the system was designed, including the control of the solenoid valve in the air pressure loop and the control of the motor in the mechanism. The overall machine was modeled by using SolidWorks. Based on the machine model, the prototype was manufactured, and the experiments of separating and embedding tray were carried out. 220 V single-phase alternative current was used to power the air compressor and the prototype respectively. The pressure regulating valve of the main pneumatic circuit was set to be 0.45 MPa. The experiments were conducted on 14×29 hole trays with clean surface and some water and soil adhered on the surface respectively. The results showed that by using eight 6-mm vacuum suckers, the success rate of separating and embedding 14×29 hole clean seedling tray was 97%. In the case of water and soil adhered on the surface of the tray, the success rate of separating and embedding 14×29 hole seedling tray was 98%. The machine efficiency was 435 trays/h, which could meet the working requirements of the factory seeding line. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Separation

Controlled terms: Atmospheric pressure? - ?Clamping devices? - ?Efficiency? - ?Embeddings? - ?Gas compressors? - ?Solenoid valves

Uncontrolled terms: Alternative current? - ?Clamping mechanism? - ?Conveying mechanisms? - ?Deformation analysis? - ?Lifting mechanisms? - ?Machine efficiency? - ?Separation mechanism? - ?Turn-over mechanisms

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties? - ?618.1 Compressors? - ?619 Pipes, Tanks and Accessories; Plant Engineering Generally? - ?802.3 Chemical Operations? - ?913.1 Production Engineering

Numerical data indexing: Force 8.07e-01N to 2.03e+00N, Percentage 9.70e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Pressure 4.50e+05Pa, Pressure 5.79e+04Pa, Size 2.05e-02m, Size 6.00e-03m, Voltage 2.20e+02V

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.010

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

7. Design and Analysis of Vibratory Root System Cutting Device for Fruit Trees

Accession number: 20204809562244

Title of translation:

Authors: Mao, Lei (1); Wang, Pengfei (1); Yang, Xin (1); Li, Jianping (1); Li, Xuejun (1); Li, Xinhao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Pengfei(wpf5769@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 281-291

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of excessive resistance of the root-soil complex in the root system control of the short anvil dense planting orchard, and the unsatisfactory cutting operation of the fruit tree root system, a vibrating fruit tree root system cutting device was designed. The analysis of the force model of the cutting device showed that the main factors affecting the resistance were the parameters of the sawtooth machete, the parameters of the root-soil complex, the parameters of the root-soil complex and the sawtooth machete, and the parameters of the operation mode. The cutting device of the vibrating fruit tree root system was designed and analyzed, and the finite element simulation software was used to simulate and analyze the cutting device “root-soil complex”. The average cutting force of the cutting device under vibration was 236.97 N, and under no vibration state the average cutting force was 432.35 N, achieving the purpose of vibration drag reduction. The soil trough test of the cutting device showed that the average value of the horizontal resistance under the vibration state was less than the average value of 225.34 N under the non-vibration state. The effect of cutting the “root-soil complex” under the vibration state was good, and it saw the root system and the soil. Through the orthogonal test analysis of the cutting device to cut the “root-soil complex” under vibration, it can be seen that the optimal operating parameters were eccentricity of 20 mm, rotation speed of 3 r/s, forward speed of soil trough working platform of 0.2 m/s; the main influence factors of soil disturbance were eccentricity and forward speed; the main factors that affected the stability of the cutting device were eccentricity and speed. The test of the whole machine showed that the proportion of root leveling cutting was 21.05% on the left side, 17.39% on the right side, 78.95% on the left side and 82.61% on the right side for sawing. The result showed that the operation process of the vibrating fruit tree root cutting device had a sawing effect on the root-soil complex, reducing the resistance of the machine and the cutting device, and had a drag reduction effect; from the test site, it can be seen that the machine had good stability, leaving a 20~25 mm ravine after operation. The thickness of the cutting device was the same as 20 mm. The degree of soil eversion was small, and the soil was better. Through the design of vibrating fruit tree root system cutting device, finite element simulation analysis and soil tank test, it provided a idea for fruit tree root system cutting and provided a reference for the design of vibration drag reduction device. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 37

Main heading: Vibration analysis

Controlled terms: Computer software? - ?Drag reduction? - ?Factor analysis? - ?Finite element method? - ?Forestry? - ?Fruits? - ?Orchards? - ?Sawing? - ?Soils

Uncontrolled terms: Cutting operations? - ?Design and analysis? - ?Finite element simulations? - ?Horizontal resistance? - ?Operating parameters? - ?Operation process? - ?Reduction effects? - ?Soil disturbances

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Force 2.25e+02N, Force 2.37e+02N, Force 4.32e+02N, Percentage 1.74e+01%, Percentage 2.11e+01%, Percentage 7.90e+01%, Percentage 8.26e+01%, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 2.00e-02m to 2.50e-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.033

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

8. Development and Experiment on Electrical Impedance Tomography System for Plant Root Zone

Accession number: 20204809562531

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Yang (1, 2); Wang, Yongqian (3); Zhao, Pengfei (1, 4); Wang, Nan (1, 4); Huang, Lan (1, 4); Wang, Zhongyi (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) School of Instrument Science and Opto Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing; 100192, China; (4) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Zhongyi(wzyhl@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 348-356

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To monitor the state of the plant root zone in real time, a 32-electrode electrical impedance tomography system and image reconstruction method were developed. Direct digital synthesis (DDS) generated sine wave signals, which was converted into an excitation signal by a voltage controlled current source (VCCS). The channel switching circuit injected the excitation signal into the electrode at the edge of the tank to be measured in an adjacent excitation mode. The circuit board and the electrodes were connected with shielded wires to reduce noise. Voltage measurement data were amplified by the instrumentation amplifier and demodulated by an analog multiplier, and then filtered and collected by A/D into the main control unit. Finally, the signal was sent to the host computer through the RS485 bus protocol, and then the data was preprocessed, reconstructed, and analyzed. The system incorporated the following novel features. The current source of the EIT system was a dual op-amp voltage controlled current source composed of a programmable gain instrumentation amplifier and an op-amp. Digital isolator isolated the measurement circuit and the excitation circuit. The measurement circuit channel switch adopted analog multiplexers MAX306. The decoder and the transistor drove the relay to switch the excitation signal channel and control the order of the excitation current injected into the electrode. Direct digital synthesis, channel switching circuit, programmable gain instrumentation amplifier, and other programmable devices were controlled by the main control unit. The multiplier circuit was used to demodulate the measurement signal and the reference signal, and the real part information and imaginary part information of the demodulated signal relative to the reference signal can be obtained to calculate the amplitude, phase, real and imaginary parts of the signal. Matlab and the open-source suite EIDORS were used to realize the reconstructed image based on imaging forward and inverse problem algorithms. In addition, a power supply circuit was designed to provide a variety of positive and negative power supplies for the EIT system after rectifying, filtering, and linearly stabilizing the 220 V AC power supplied. In the experiment, parameters such as system signal-noise ratio (SNR) and channel consistency measured to verify the reliability of the EIT system. Experiment with real-time electrical impedance system imaging in a tank containing saltwater. And the real-time imaging function of the electrical impedance system was tested in a tank filled with saltwater. In the experiment of insulating material and carrot medium, the result showed that this system can effectively distinguish the measured object, and had good resolution and repeatability. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Variable gain amplifiers

Controlled terms: Channel coding? - ?Digital devices? - ?Direct digital control systems? - ?Electric impedance? - ?Electric impedance measurement? - ?Electric impedance tomography? - ?Electric power systems? - ?Electrodes? - ?Image reconstruction? - ?Inverse problems ? - ?MATLAB? - ?Operational amplifiers? - ?Power supply circuits? - ?Signal to noise ratio? - ?Switching circuits? - ?Tanks (containers)

Uncontrolled terms: Direct digital synthesis? - ?Electrical impedance? - ?Electrical impedance tomography? - ?Image reconstruction methods? - ?Instrumentation amplifier? - ?Negative power supply? - ?Programmable devices? - ?Voltage controlled current sources

Classification code: 619.2 Tanks? - ?701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena? - ?706.1 Electric Power Systems? - ?713.1 Amplifiers? - ?713.4 Pulse Circuits? - ?716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?942.2 Electric Variables Measurements

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.041

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

9. Design and Experiment of Trough-hole Combined Type Multi-variety Green Manure Quantitative Electric Evenly-sowed Mechanism

Accession number: 20204809562522

Title of translation:

Authors: You, Zhaoyan (1); Xu, Hongbo (1); Gao, Xuemei (1); Wu, Huichang (1); Yan, Jianchun (1); Li, Zhongyi (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning; 530007, China

Corresponding author: Wu, Huichang(huichangwu@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 54-63

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low applicability of seed metering device, low quality of seeding operation and low production efficiency existing in the current seeding methods of green manure, a trough-hole combined type multi-variety green manure quantitative electric evenly-sowed mechanism was developed, the key components such as the pyramid seed box, the trough-hole combined type seed metering device and quantitative electric evenly-sowed components were designed. The sliding friction angles of the eight main green manure varieties were measured, and the minimum inclined surface angle of the designed pyramid seed box was 35.5°, on the basis of the seed size, totally 1000 grain weight and seed consumption of per unit area, the seeding channel of the trough-hole combined type seed metering device could be selected and the effective opening of the channel could be set as well, by using EDEM software, the simulation model of the evenly-sowed mechanism was built, and it was verified that the probability distribution of the seed fallen on the ground after colliding with the cylinder was quite consistent when the diameter of cylinder was ranged from 3.2 mm to 6.8 mm. Qingyijiang NO.1 was used as the test material, the multiple factor experiments, as well as regression analysis of the test data were carried out, the results showed that among the three factors in the experiment, the rotation speed of sowing wheel had the greatest influence on the emergence rate and uniformity variation coefficient of sowing, while the forward speed of machine had the least influence on the emergence rate and variation coefficient of sowing uniformity, regarding the stability variation coefficient of each row sowing quantity, the most influential factor was the even-distributed cylinder diameter, and the minimum impact factor was the rotation speed of sowing wheel, the optimal factor parameters combination which affected the sowing quality of the trough-hole combined type multi-variety green manure quantitative electric evenly-sowed mechanism was as follows: machine forward speed was 3.36 km/h, rotation speed of sowing wheel was 44 r/min, even-distributed cylinder diameter was 6.14 mm. Verified by field experiments, the Astragalus smicus emergence rate was 96.49%, consistency variation coefficient of each row sowing quantity was 11.73%, variation coefficient of sowing uniformity was 8.67% in the condition of the optimal parameter combination, the relative error was below 6% compared with optimal values predicted by the model, which validated the optimal values of the three factors. Compared with the existing methods of sowing Astragalus smicus seeds, the designed trough-hole combined type multi-variety green manure quantitative electric evenly-sowed mechanism had a work efficiency of 0.8 hm2/h to 1.0 hm2/h, which was superior to the artificial sowing efficiency of 0.1 hm2/h to 0.125 hm2/h, the hand-shaking efficiency of 0.2 hm2/h to 0.3 hm2/h and the motorized sowing efficiency of 0.5 hm2/h to 0.8 hm2/h, which was lower than the UAV sowing efficiency of 3 hm2/h to 4 hm2/h. In addition, the seeding quality was also significantly superior to that of other methods, which had a good prospect for application. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Manures

Controlled terms: Computer software? - ?Cylinders (shapes)? - ?Efficiency? - ?Fertilizers? - ?Optimal systems? - ?Pneumatic materials handling equipment? - ?Probability distributions? - ?Speed? - ?Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Cylinder diameters? - ?Influential factors? - ?Optimal parameter combinations? - ?Production efficiency? - ?Seed metering devices? - ?Seeding qualities? - ?Sliding friction? - ?Variation coefficient

Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components? - ?632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?821.5 Agricultural Wastes? - ?913.1 Production Engineering? - ?922.1 Probability Theory? - ?961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.17e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 8.67e+00%, Percentage 9.65e+01%, Rotational_Speed 4.40e+01RPM, Size 3.20e-03m to 6.80e-03m, Size 6.14e-03m, Velocity 9.33e-01m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.007

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

10. Temperature-humidity Controlled Drying Technology and Device Design for Producing Recycled Manure Solids

Accession number: 20204809562253

Title of translation:

Authors: Guo, Yu (1, 2); Zhou, Hongyu (1, 2); Duan, Na (1, 2); Wu, Min (3); Wang, Panliu (1, 2); Shi, Zhengxiang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Duan, Na(duanna@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 413-420

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: With the increase of people’s demand for dairy products, the rapid development of dairy farming has made manure management attracting much attention. In order to solve the problem of manure treatment in large-scale dairy farms, and simultaneously provide safe and comfortable dairy bedding materials, the solid portion of dairy manure after solid-liquid separation was used as research object, and the sterilization rate during high-temperature and high-humidity drying process and the drying characteristics during the dehumidifying drying process under different temperature, relative humidity (RH) and material thickness conditions were investigated. The feasibility of producing recycled manure solids (RMS) by temperature-humidity controlled drying technology was analyzed. The optimal drying parameters were obtained through response surface analysis with drying temperature, drying time and material thickness as variables and final moisture content of RMS as response index. On this basis, temperature-humidity controlled drying device for producing RMS was designed and the on-site verification test was carried out under the optimized process conditions. The results indicated that high-temperature and high-humidity drying process can effectively kill Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli in dairy manure. Except for some conditions, the sterilization rate after 2 hours of drying can reach more than 99%. The higher the relative humidity of the environment during the high-temperature and high-humidity drying stage was, the less serious encrustation of dairy manure was, which was conducive to the moisture evaporation in the subsequent drying process and improving the drying efficiency. In the dehumidifying drying stage, under the same material thickness and drying time, the higher the drying temperature was, the more the moisture content drops were, and the faster the internal moisture migration speed was, however, it was not the higher drying temperature can make better. The results of response surface analysis showed that the intensity sequence of the parameters affecting the final moisture content was material thickness, drying time, and drying temperature. The optimal parameters were 2 h high-temperature and high-humidity (60, 60%RH) sterilization treatment +4 h dehumidifying drying (78), as well as the material thickness of 4 cm. Under this condition, the water content of the final product obtained was (50.3±0.6)%. The sterilization rate of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae was 98.3% and 99.5%, respectively. The temperature-humidity controlled drying device was mainly composed of the feeding and discharging system, the heating and air supply system, the humidification and dehumidification system, etc. For the field verification test, the moisture content of the final product was (50.2±1.0)%, and the sterilization rates of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae were 95.3% and 98.3%, respectively, meeting the safety requirements for RMS. The results showed that the temperature-humidity controlled drying technology was feasible to produce RMS quickly and safely. And the results can provide new method for producing RMS. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Drying

Controlled terms: Dairies? - ?Escherichia coli? - ?Fertilizers? - ?Humidity control? - ?Manures? - ?Moisture determination? - ?Recycling? - ?Sterilization (cleaning)? - ?Surface analysis? - ?Surface properties

Uncontrolled terms: Dehumidification system? - ?Drying characteristics? - ?Final moisture content? - ?Moisture evaporation? - ?Response surface analysis? - ?Solid liquid separation? - ?Streptococcus agalactiae? - ?Temperature humidity

Classification code: 452.3 Industrial Wastes? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?821.5 Agricultural Wastes? - ?822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment? - ?944.2 Moisture Measurements? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.53e+01%, Percentage 9.83e+01%, Percentage 9.90e+01%, Percentage 9.95e+01%, Size 4.00e-02m, Time 7.20e+03s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.049

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

11. Design and Test of Wheat Seeder with Suction and Metering Device with Cone Surface of Circular Tube

Accession number: 20204809562234

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhao, Jin (1); Zhang, Jinguo (1); Nian, Yongkang (1); Zheng, Chao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding; 071001, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Jinguo(zhangjinguo@hebau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 34-42

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Because of the accumulated temperature which results in two cultivations of crops in a year in the north of Huang-Huai-Hai is not enough to affect wheat tillering, people are accustomed to sowing wheat in large quantities. This sowing method not only causes wastes of water, fertilizer and other resources, but also affects the whole growth and yield of the whole wheat population due to its poor uniformity of sowing. The mechanization of wheat planting in China has been popularized, most areas use mechanical seeders for sowing, and the air suction type wheat planters have not been widely used. Compared with the mechanical seed metering device, the pneumatic seed metering device has the advantages of good applicability, good seeding uniformity, etc., therefore, the main purpose was to design a wheat air suction planter that can achieve single grain precision sowing well. The circular tube cone slot type wheat air suction seeder was designed. Through the analysis and research of several generations of prototypes developed by Professor Zhang Jinguo’s team of Hebei Agricultural University since 2008, it can be known that the gap structure used in wheat air suction seeder can improve the uniformity of filling and seeding. In view of the problems existing in previous generations of round tube slot wheat seeding machine and the problem that excess seeds were easily accumulated around the gap, a new type of pipe cone slot type wheat suction and metering device was designed to realize precision seeding, reduce the amount of sowing, and improve the uniformity of seeding effect. The structure and working principle of wheat seed suction and metering device with cone surface were introduced, and the main parameters were determined. According to the research results of previous generations of sample machines, the main parameters affecting the seed arrangement performance of the circular tube cone surface slot wheat air suction and seed ejector were determined, which were gap width, cone surface angle and negative pressure respectively. The optimum parameters and conditions for the operation of wheat seed suction and metering apparatus with taper surface were determined by multi-group single factor test and orthogonal test. When the cone angle was 90 degrees, the gap width was 0.7 mm, negative pressure was 4.0 kPa, and the adsorption rate was 85.89%. By bench contrast test, the result showed that when the gap surface had serrated spacing, and the length was 1.5 times of seed, the adsorption rate could be increased to 88.82%. The negative pressure value of the seed-device was obtained by calculation, the negative pressure range for successful adsorption of seeds was 8~13.3 kPa. It was also calculated that the required fan power should be greater than 1.47 kW. Field trials showed that the average variation coefficient of sowing uniformity of wheat seeder with suction and metering device with cone surface of circular tube was 31.20%, less than 45%, which met the national standard. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Seed

Controlled terms: Adsorption? - ?Agricultural robots? - ?Air ejectors? - ?Cones? - ?Cultivation? - ?Machinery? - ?Pneumatic materials handling equipment? - ?Population statistics? - ?Structural design? - ?Surface testing ? - ?Tubes (components)

Uncontrolled terms: Accumulated temperatures? - ?National standard? - ?Negative pressure value? - ?Negative pressures? - ?Optimum parameters? - ?Precision seeding? - ?Seed metering devices? - ?Variation coefficient

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General? - ?618.3 Blowers and Fans? - ?619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines? - ?632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery? - ?802.3 Chemical Operations? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.12e+01%, Percentage 4.50e+01%, Percentage 8.59e+01%, Percentage 8.88e+01%, Power 1.47e+03W, Pressure 4.00e+03Pa, Pressure 8.00e+03Pa to 1.33e+04Pa, Size 7.00e-04m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.005

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

12. Effects of Straw Mulching under Optimized Alternate Irrigation of Well-canal on Root Distribution and Yield of Summer Maize

Accession number: 20204809562242

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Wanfeng (1); Yang, Shuqing (1); Pan, Chunyang (2); E, Jifang (1); Lou, Shuai (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot; 010018, China; (2) Inner Mongolia Chaole Water Conservancy and Hydropower Co., Ltd., Huhhot; 010018, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Shuqing(nmndysq@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 25-33

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To explore the dynamic response of root distribution and yield of summer maize to straw mulching under the optimized alternate irrigation of well-canal model, field experiments were conducted in Hetao Irrigated District in 2018 and 2019 under different tillage modes. The experiment consisted of four different treatments. It included conventional mulching (FM treatment), straw surface covering (BF treatment) and straw deep buried (SM treatment) under the irrigation mode of canal-well-canal, and the conventional mulching (CK treatment) under the irrigation of the whole canal. The results showed that the root distribution of summer maize under conventional tillage CK was shallow and wide, the root length density was decreased with the deepening of soil layer, and the root length concentration point was 0~20 cm in the soil layer. Under the optimized alternate irrigation of well-canal model, the concentration point of the conventional mulching FM treatment of root length density was 10~30 cm soil layer, which could not significantly improve the root length of the soil layer. Straw mulching significantly increased root length density, the root distribution of BF treatment was similar to CK, and the surface root length density was increased by 19.6% compared with that of CK. The root distribution of SM treatment was a deep and sticking type, and the root length concentration point was moved down to the 20~40 cm soil layer. With the deepening of soil layer, root length density of SM was firstly increased and then decreased, which significantly increased the root length density of soil layer greater than 40 cm, and it was increased by 91.7% compared with that of CK. The root length density in the horizontal direction of each treatments presented a standard normal distribution approximately centered on the plant, with a distribution radius of about 15cm. The optimized alternate irrigation of well-canal model significantly reduced water consumption and increased water use efficiency in the growth period of summer maize, but the yield of summer maize under FM and BF treatments was decreased by 10.1% and 1.3% on average compared with that of CK. The SM treatment had a better comprehensive effect, which increased summer maize yield by 8.9% and water use efficiency by 41.4% on average compared with CK. The research could provide some references for rational and safe utilization of brackish underground water resources, enriching the theoretical system of well-canal alternate irrigation, and saving water for agriculture and increasing crop yield in Hetao Irrigation District. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Soils

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Efficiency? - ?Frequency modulation? - ?Groundwater? - ?Groundwater resources? - ?Hydraulic structures? - ?Irrigation? - ?Normal distribution? - ?Water supply

Uncontrolled terms: Comprehensive effect? - ?Conventional tillage? - ?Different treatments? - ?Hetao irrigation districts? - ?Root length density? - ?Standard normal distributions? - ?Theoretical system? - ?Water use efficiency

Classification code: 444.2 Groundwater? - ?446.1 Water Supply Systems? - ?483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?913.1 Production Engineering? - ?922.1 Probability Theory

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.01e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+00%, Percentage 1.96e+01%, Percentage 4.14e+01%, Percentage 8.90e+00%, Percentage 9.17e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.004

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

13. Influence of Control Sequence of Spiral Fluted Roller Fertilizer Distributer on Fertilization Performance

Accession number: 20204809562592

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Jiqin (1, 2); Liu, Gang (1, 3); Hu, Hao (1, 3); Huang, Jiayun (1, 3); Liu, Yuanjie (1, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Liu, Gang(pac@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 137-144

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Application uniformity is an essential aspect of the performance of a variable-rate fertilization (VRF) applicator. In order to study the relationship between fertilization uniformity and control sequence such as active feed-roll length (L) and rotational speed of the drive shaft (n) for a spiral fluted-roll fertilizer distributer for a bivariate fertilization applicator, the discrete element simulation model was established and the fertilization uniformity was studied by conducting discrete element simulation tests via the discrete element method (DEM) software. Firstly, a calibration was conducted at different active-feed roll length (L) and rotational speed of the drive shaft (n), and then the fertilization model was formed by general regression neural network (GRNN). To test model prediction accuracy, another 20 samples were utilized as test set, the validation result showed that the correlation coefficient (R2) was up to 0.999 4 and the mean relative error (MRE) was 3.56%. In addition, three target fertilization, including Q1=1 067.37 g/min, Q2=2 323.04 g/min, Q3=4 206.56 g/min, were chosen according to the equal discharge curve of spiral fluted-roll fertilizer distributer and control index (L, n) at the same target fertilization rate were found by differential evolution algorithm (DE) and formed GRNN model. Finally, the fertilization simulation tests at different control indexes for three different target rates were conducted via EDEM 2.8 software. The coefficient of variation σ was calculated as criteria to evaluate the fertilization uniformity. The result showed that, at target rate of Q1, the minimized σ occurred at the control index of (25 mm, 17.78 r/min), which was 5.27%. At target rate of Q2, the minimized σ was occurred at control index of (65 mm, 17.12 r/min), which was 3.46%. At target rate of Q3, σ was below 4% at all control index. The minimized σ occurred at control index of (65 mm, 32.85 r/min), which was 2.08%. In conclusion, at the small target fertilization rate, the selection of the control sequence had a significant impact on fertilization performance. In fertilization, the opening length and rotational speed boundaries should be avoided. At the large target fertilization rate, the selection of the control sequence had little effect on the fertilization uniformity of spiral fluted-roll fertilizer distributer. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Software testing

Controlled terms: Applicators? - ?Evolutionary algorithms? - ?Fertilizers? - ?Finite difference method? - ?Flow control? - ?Optimization? - ?Rollers (machine components)

Uncontrolled terms: Application uniformity? - ?Coefficient of variation? - ?Correlation coefficient? - ?Differential evolution algorithms? - ?Discrete element simulation? - ?Fertilization rates? - ?General regression neural network? - ?Variable rate fertilization

Classification code: 601 Mechanical Design? - ?601.2 Machine Components? - ?631.1 Fluid Flow, General? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?921.5 Optimization Techniques? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Flow_Rate 1.12e-03kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 3.44e-03kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 5.38e-03kg/s, Percentage 2.08e+00%, Percentage 3.46e+00%, Percentage 3.56e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 5.27e+00%, Rotational_Speed 1.71e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 1.78e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 3.29e+01RPM, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 6.50e-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.016

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

14. Dynamic Pressure Feedback Correction Method for Tractor Electro Hydraulic Hitch

Accession number: 20204809562510

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Changqing (1, 2); Hua, Bo (1, 2); Du, Yuefeng (1, 2); Li, Zhen (1, 2); Zhu, Zhongxiang (1, 2); Mao, Enrong (1, 2)

Corresponding author: Mao, Enrong(gxy15@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 535-541

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: When the tractor transports the heavy hitch equipment, the hydraulic cylinder pressure impact of the electro-hydraulic hitch is severe, and the tractor will produce large pitching movement. The dynamic pressure feedback correction was added to the position control system to increase the system damping ratio to suppress the system pressure fluctuation. The output signal of the pressure sensor was collected and input to the system through the controller differentiator, which could increase the damping ratio of the system without affecting the dynamic stiffness of the system. The kinematics model of tractor electro-hydraulic hitch was established, and the angle transmission ratio of each link was analyzed. The dynamic model of the tractor hitch system was established, and the load force of the hydraulic cylinder was solved by programming with Matlab. The hydraulic system model was established, the damping ratio of the hydraulic system after adding dynamic pressure feedback correction link was analyzed, and the confirmation method of dynamic pressure feedback parameters was given. Matlab/Simulink was used to simulate the model. The simulation results showed that during the lifting process of the hydraulic system, the pressure was changed greatly, and the maximum pressure reached 5.8 MPa. After correction, the pressure fluctuation of the electro-hydraulic hitch system was small, and the maximum pressure was only 4.0 MPa. When the interference force impacted the hydraulic system, the pressure fluctuation range of the original hydraulic pressure system was 2.7 MPa. In comparison, the position control pressure fluctuation range after using dynamic pressure feedback correction was 1.1 MPa. Therefore, the damping ratio of the system could be effectively improved, and the pressure fluctuation could be suppressed by the method. The test platform was built. The test results showed that the maximum lifting pressure of the uncorrected system was 4.6 MPa and the pressure oscillation was decreased. In contrast, the maximum pressure of the corrected system was only 3.8 MPa, and the pressure was relatively gentle. In the impact interference test, the maximum pressure of the original system reached 6.5 MPa, and the pressure fluctuation range was 6 MPa. In contrast, the corrected maximum pressure was only 4.6 MPa, and the pressure fluctuation range was 4.2 MPa. Compared with the locking condition of the original system, the pressure fluctuation range was reduced by 30%. The results showed that the proposed dynamic pressure feedback correction method of the tractor electro-hydraulic hitch can well restrain the pressure fluctuation of the hydraulic cylinder of the tractor electro-hydraulic hitch, protect the agricultural machinery, reduce the pitching movement and improve the comfort of the driver. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 23

Main heading: Pressure control

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Cylinders (shapes)? - ?Damping? - ?Electromagnetic wave attenuation? - ?Feedback? - ?Hydraulic equipment? - ?MATLAB? - ?Mechanical actuators? - ?Position control? - ?Tractors (agricultural) ? - ?Tractors (truck)

Uncontrolled terms: Confirmation methods? - ?Hydraulic cylinders? - ?Hydraulic pressure system? - ?Hydraulic system modeling? - ?Kinematics modeling? - ?Pressure fluctuation? - ?Pressure oscillation? - ?Transmission ratios

Classification code: 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery? - ?663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles? - ?711 Electromagnetic Waves? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?731.3 Specific Variables Control? - ?732.1 Control Equipment? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.00e+01%, Pressure 1.10e+06Pa, Pressure 2.70e+06Pa, Pressure 3.80e+06Pa, Pressure 4.00e+06Pa, Pressure 4.20e+06Pa, Pressure 4.60e+06Pa, Pressure 5.80e+06Pa, Pressure 6.00e+06Pa, Pressure 6.50e+06Pa

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.063

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

15. Mechanical Properties of Maize Kernel Dried by Hot-air-Vacuum Compound Process

Accession number: 20204809562238

Title of translation: -

Authors: Sheng, Shaoyang (1); Wu, Min (2); Hu, Chunqiu (1); Wang, Guoxiu (1); Chen, Wenjun (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei; 230032, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 476-482

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The efficiency of traditional maize drying is low and the quality of dried maize kernel is not good. Maize will be damaged during processing. Natural drying, hot-air drying and hot-air-vacuum combined drying of maize kernel were carried out, and the mechanical properties and apparent morphology of maize kernel dried by three methods were investigated. The test results of mechanical properties showed that the maize kernel dried by 50 hot-air+45 vacuum had the largest deformation. In hot-air drying, the creep curve of maize kernel dried at 65 was the highest, and that of maize kernels dried at 75 was the lowest. Among three drying methods, the stress achieved by the stress relaxation curve of natural drying was the largest, and its value was 0.045 5 MPa. In compound drying, the stress achieved by the stress relaxation curve of 50 hot- air+65 vacuum was the largest, and its value was 0.041 4 MPa. The three-element Maxwell model could fit the stress relaxation test results well, and the coefficients of determination were all above 0.977. Both the storage modulus (G’) and loss modulus (G”) of maize kernel were increased with the increase of frequency. The storage modulus was greater than loss modulus, and the dominant position was occupied by elasticity. The elasticity of dried maize kernel was greater than its viscosity. The results of the apparent morphology test showed that the starch granules in maize kernels dried at high temperature were relatively drier and shriveled, while those in maize kernels dried at low temperature were rounder and plumper. At the same temperature, the starch granules dried by compound process were plumper than those dried by hot-air. The quality of the maize kernel dried by compound process was better. The maize kernel structure exhibited A-type crystalline pattern. The characteristic peaks of maize kernel dried by hot-air appeared at about 13.7°, 15.7°, 16.4° and 21.5° (2θ). Among them, single peaks appeared at 13.7° and 21.5°, and double peaks appeared at 15.7° and 16.4°. In compound drying, only 50 hot-air+55 vacuum and 50 hot-air+65 vacuum were basically the same as natural drying. Their characteristic maize peaks appeared at about 14.8°, 16.9°, 17.8° and 22.8° (2θ). The mechanical properties of maize kernel dried by hot-air-vacuum compound process could provide an experimental basis for the development of maize processing and storage related equipment. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Drying

Controlled terms: Elastic moduli? - ?Elasticity? - ?Granulation? - ?Morphology? - ?Solar dryers? - ?Starch? - ?Stress relaxation? - ?Temperature

Uncontrolled terms: Characteristic peaks? - ?Compound process? - ?Crystalline patterns? - ?High temperature? - ?Low temperatures? - ?Starch granules? - ?Stress relaxation tests? - ?Stress-relaxation curves

Classification code: 641.1 Thermodynamics? - ?802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment? - ?802.3 Chemical Operations? - ?804.1 Organic Compounds? - ?931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity? - ?951 Materials Science

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.056

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

16. Design and Experiment of Mung Bean Precision Seed-metering Device with Disturbance for Promoting Seed Filling

Accession number: 20204809562254

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Yuhuan (1, 2); Wei, Ya’nan (1, 2); Yang, Li (1, 2); Zhang, Dongxing (1, 2); Cui, Tao (1, 2); Zhang, Kailiang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Soil-Machine-Plant System Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Li(yangli@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 43-53

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Mung bean is the main edible bean in China, which has high economic and edible value. However, the current level of mechanized planting of mung bean in China is still low, and sowing or seeding is used. The waste of improved varieties is serious, and the yield and planting efficiency are low, which seriously restricts the development of mung bean industry. In view of the characteristics of scattered mung bean planting and small plot planting in China, and the agronomic requirements of 2~3 seeds per hole, a mung bean precision seed-metering device with disturbance for promoting seed filling was designed. The seed metering device used concave holes to carry seeds, the seed guide groove to promote seed filling, and the brush to clear seeds and protect seeds. The mechanical relationship of disturbance filling promotion was analyzed, and the design method of parameters of seed guide groove, seed carrying hole and brush was determined. The discrete element software EDEM simulation optimization method was used to establish the discrete particle model of mung bean seeds and the experiment was employed through the method of orthogonal test of three factors and three levels with the structural dimension parameters of the seed carrying holes as experimental factors. Three test parameters, i.e. length of the seed hole, width of the seed hole and the depth of seed hole were chosen as the influence factors of test experiment. The best work parameters were as below: the length was 10.5 mm, the width was 6.5 mm and the depth was 5 mm. The results showed that the optimal seed charging rate was 96.05%, the qualified seed charging rate was 1.64% and the missed charging rate was 1.57%, which were consistent with the simulation optimization results. Then, a speed single factor test was carried out. The results showed that when the working speed was within 8 km/h, the qualified index was higher than 90%, the missing index were not more than 5%, and the multiple index were not more than 2%. At last, the adaptation tests were carried out. The results showed that qualified index was more than 95%, the missing index was not more than 5%, and the multiple index was not more than 3%, which could completely meet the requirement of the technical specifications of quality evaluation for mung beans metering device in China. The research provided a reference for further improving quality and optimizing the parameter for mung bean metering device. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Seed

Controlled terms: Design? - ?Filling? - ?Plants (botany)? - ?Pneumatic materials handling equipment? - ?Software testing? - ?Testing

Uncontrolled terms: Discrete particle models? - ?Experimental factors? - ?Precision seed-metering devices? - ?Seed metering devices? - ?Simulation optimization? - ?Simulation optimization method? - ?Structural dimensions? - ?Technical specifications

Classification code: 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment? - ?691.2 Materials Handling Methods? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.57e+00%, Percentage 1.64e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.60e+01%, Size 1.05e-02m, Size 5.00e-03m, Size 6.50e-03m, Velocity 2.22e+00m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.006

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

17. Load Spectrum Compiling of Peanut Combine Harvester’s Seedling Clamping and Conveying System

Accession number: 20204809562239

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhai, Xinting (1); Chen, Mingdong (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Mingdong(mingdong3202@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 261-266 and 363

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The blockage problem often occurs in the clamping and conveying system of the peanut combine harvester, and it is extremely critical to do research on the working load of its hydraulic system. The working loads of the hydraulic motor of the driving system of the clamping and transportation of peanut seedlings were measured to obtain the typical load spectrum. According to the motor analysis of a large amount of test pressure data, three rational speeds of the output shaft, respectively, 310 r/min, 360 r/min and 410 r/min were chosen. For a large number of the test data, the turning point extraction method was used to compress the load data to about 1/50 of the original. Then the load in the time domain can be transformed into range and mean load in the rainflow domain through the rainfllow counting method. And the maximum likelihood parameter estimation method was employed during the statistical analysis. The rotational speed of motor of 410 r/min was determined as the typical working condition of the system according to the fitting test result. Because the mean and range load of the system pressure met the requirements of a normal distribution with a mean of 7.28, a standard deviation of 0.81, and a three-parameter Weibull distribution with a threshold of 0.32, a scale parameter of 0.30, and a shape parameter of 0.90. Due to the requirements of indoor bench test, mechanical parts testing of peanut seedling spreading conveyor system and the structure optimization design, the pressure signal of the system hydraulic motor was converted into torque signal. Then, the joint probability density function of the mean and range load was established based on the independence of mean and range. And on this basis, the two dimensional torque spectrum of the hydraulic motor output shaft was obtained by the load extrapolation method. Finally, combined with the actual test loading requirements, dimensionality reduction operation was performed on the two-dimensional load spectrum. And the one-dimensional program spectrum was transformed from the two-dimensional according to the variable mean method for the convenience of actual load test. The application of statistical analysis method of compiling of one-dimensional program would realize the reproduction of field operation load and provide a reliable data foundation for the bench test for indoor mechanical parts of peanut combine harvester. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Time domain analysis

Controlled terms: Application programs? - ?Cell proliferation? - ?Conveyors? - ?Dimensionality reduction? - ?Harvesters? - ?Hydraulic motors? - ?Load testing? - ?Maximum likelihood estimation? - ?Normal distribution? - ?Oilseeds ? - ?Probability density function? - ?Software testing? - ?Spectrum analysis? - ?Statistical methods? - ?Structural optimization? - ?Weibull distribution

Uncontrolled terms: Combine harvesters? - ?Joint probability density function? - ?Load extrapolation? - ?Maximum likelihood parameter estimations? - ?Standard deviation? - ?Statistical analysis methods? - ?Structure optimization? - ?Three parameter Weibull distribution

Classification code: 461.9 Biology? - ?632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery? - ?692.1 Conveyors? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?921.5 Optimization Techniques? - ?922 Statistical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Rotational_Speed 3.10e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 3.60e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 4.10e+02RPM

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.030

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

18. Effect of Microwave Vacuum Drying Conditions on Drying Characteristics and Texture Structure of Banana Chips

Accession number: 20204809562435

Title of translation:

Authors: Dai, Jianwu (1); Yang, Shenglin (1); Wang, Jie (1); Wen, Mengda (1); Fu, Qiqi (1); Huang, Huan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an; 625014, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 493-500

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Bananas are the most widely planted tropical fruit in the world by far. They are rich in nutrients and have the effects of promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis, clearing heat and moistening lungs and protecting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular. Bananas are soft and hard to store, which lead to huge waste. Microwave vacuum drying technology is a new drying technology combining vacuum drying and microwave drying. In order to study the microwave vacuum drying characteristics and quality of banana chips, the effects of different drying factors on the drying rate and quality of banana chips were discussed, at different drying temperatures (45, 50, 55 and 60), microwave power density (28 W/g, 53 W/g and 82 W/g), vacuum degree (75 kPa, 80 kPa, 85 kPa and 90 kPa) and thickness of banana slices (4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm), microwave vacuum drying experiments were carried out, and Weibull model was used to fit the drying characteristic curve of banana slices under microwave vacuum drying. The results showed that with the increase of drying temperature, power density and material thickness, the drying time was shortened. Weibull model can simulate the microwave vacuum drying process of banana slices accurately. The scale parameters were decreased with the increase of drying temperature, power density and thickness, while the drying conditions had little effect on the shape parameters. Meanwhile, drying temperature, microwave power density, vacuum degree and banana slice thickness all had significant influence on color. ΔE* value was decreased with the increase of temperature and vacuum degree, while increased with the rise of microwave power density and material thickness. Microwave power density and material thickness had significant influence on the rehydration ratio. When the microwave power density was chosen as 28 W/g and the thickness of banana slices was 4~8 mm, the dried banana slices had higher rehydration and better rehydration performance. The best drying parameters of banana chips were 60 of drying temperature, 28 W/g of power density, 90 kPa of vacuum degree, and 6 mm of material thickness. Under such conditions, banana chips had the best crispness, can form a certain pore structure, and the pore distribution was uniform and consistent, and the quality was the best. This research explored the drying kinetics and quality of banana chips under microwave vacuum drying, which provided theoretical basis for the application of microwave vacuum drying technology of banana slices. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Drying

Controlled terms: Fruits? - ?Microwave generation? - ?Microwave heating? - ?Pore structure? - ?Textures

Uncontrolled terms: Drying characteristics? - ?Drying parameters? - ?Drying temperature? - ?Material thickness? - ?Microwave - vacuum drying? - ?Microwave power density? - ?Rehydration ratio? - ?Texture structure

Classification code: 642.1 Process Heating? - ?713.2 Oscillators? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

Numerical data indexing: Pressure 7.50e+04Pa, Pressure 8.00e+04Pa, Pressure 8.50e+04Pa, Pressure 9.00e+04Pa, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 4.00e-03m, Size 4.00e-03m to 8.00e-03m, Size 6.00e-03m, Size 8.00e-03m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.058

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

19. Classification of Castor Seed Damage Based on Convolutional Neural Network

Accession number: 20204809562246

Title of translation:

Authors: Hou, Junming (1); Yao, Enchao (1); Zhu, Hongjie (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 100866, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 440-449

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Different forms of mechanical damage affect the germination and growth of castor seeds and the quality of castor oil after oil extraction. Therefore, it is very important to identify and classify castor seeds with mechanical damage. The classification of castor seeds with seed shells missing and castor seeds with cracks and intact castor seeds (without damage) was taken as an example. The training set and test set of castor seeds were constructed, which included two convolutional layers (eight convolution nuclei per convolutional layer), two pooling layers and one full connecting layer (128 nodes). In order to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of the convolutional neural network, the network structure was adjusted and the batch_size parameters were optimized to obtain better network structure and batch_size. The sample was expanded by turning up and down, and the learning rate and regularization coefficient of the optimizer were changed to conduct a combination test on the network, so as to obtain a combination with better accuracy and efficiency. Finally, the over-fitting of the convolutional neural network model was reduced through Dropout optimization. The experimental results showed that the average test accuracy of the network model was 92.52% when the convolution layer was 5, pooling layers was 5 and the batch_size was 32. In combination test, the Sgdm optimizer can improve the classification performance of the network by updating the network. Data amplification can increase the diversity of samples and thus reduce the over-fitting phenomenon. After the over-fitting of the convolutional neural network model was reduced by Dropout optimization, the average test accuracy of the convolutional model was 93.45%, which was 0.93 percentage points higher than that before optimization. When the learning rate was 0.01 and the regularization coefficient was 0.000 5, the classification accuracy of the model could reach 94.82% after dropout optimization. The accuracy of missing seed shell castor seeds was 95.60%, the accuracy rate of cracked castor seeds was 93.33%, the accuracy rate of intact castor seeds was 95.51%, and the average detection time of a single castor seed image was 0.143 5 s. Finally, the system for castor seeds damage classification was developed. The results of verification of the algorithm showed that the accuracy of seed shell missing castor seeds was 96.67%, that of cracked castor seeds was 80.00%, and that of complete castor seeds was 86.67%. The combined test convolutional neural network model had a high recognition accuracy in the classification of damaged castor seeds, and the convolutional model can be applied to the detection system for the real-time classification of castor seeds. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Oilseeds

Controlled terms: Convolution? - ?Convolutional neural networks? - ?Cracks? - ?Damage detection? - ?Fits and tolerances? - ?Testing

Uncontrolled terms: Classification accuracy? - ?Classification performance? - ?Convolutional model? - ?Damage classification? - ?Mechanical damages? - ?Real time performance? - ?Recognition accuracy? - ?Regularization coefficients

Classification code: 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.67e+01%, Percentage 9.25e+01%, Percentage 9.33e+01%, Percentage 9.35e+01%, Percentage 9.48e+01%, Percentage 9.55e+01%, Percentage 9.56e+01%, Percentage 9.67e+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.052

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

20. Modeling and Design of Cartridge Proportional Valve of Front Axle Suspension for High-power Wheeled Tractor

Accession number: 20204809562504

Title of translation:

Authors: Gu, Jinheng (1, 2); Fu, Shenghui (1, 2); Liu, Changqing (1, 2); Li, Zhen (1, 2); Zhu, Zhongxiang (1, 2); Mao, Enrong (1, 2)

Corresponding author: Mao, Enrong(gxy15@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 542-549

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: As a key component of a high-power wheeled tractor, the front axle suspension plays an important role in absorbing the vibration caused by random road excitation, and the plug-in proportional valve provides an important support for the vibration control of the front axle suspension system. For developing the design capability of exclusive agricultural machinery, a hydraulic system circuit of the plug-in proportional valve for the front axle suspension system was developed, and its structure mechanism was analyzed to construct the front axle suspension system that can be opened in time. On the basis of this situation, a nonlinear mathematical model was established to clarify the inherent relationship between design component and suspension performance. And then, various modes of front axle suspension with adjustment damping can be realized via the design optimization of the component parameters. In addition, in order to reduce the uncertainty of the design component parameters and the repeatability of the design schematic, Taguchi design method was introduced to implement and take the accumulator, throttle valve size, proportional valve as design factors. Step and sinusoidal excitation were regarded as noise factor. A 6-factor mixed level Taguchi experimental design schematic was developed. Subsequently, the variance analysis of the signal to noise ratio and mean value of each design scheme were derived. Combined with the AMEsim simulation model, the optimal design scheme was analyzed and verified on the basis of the evaluation indicator with suspension output force and sprung mass vibration acceleration, the sprung mass vibration acceleration can be reduced, which can effectively improve the driving comfort of the tractor. On the basis of the AMEsim simulation model, the dynamic property of the optimal design scheme was analyzed. When the load was changed, the pressure of the two chambers of the hydraulic cylinder can be adjusted to the equilibrium position with about 2 s; when the road was excited by step, the plug-in proportional valve can respond quickly, the adjustment time was less than 0.5 s, which can promote the ride comfort of the wheeled tractor, thereby enhancing the design capability and providing the reference for the design and development of the front axle suspension system for high-power wheeled tractor. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Suspensions (components)

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Front axles? - ?Hydraulic equipment? - ?Machine design? - ?Optimal systems? - ?Roads and streets? - ?Signal analysis? - ?Signal to noise ratio? - ?Tractors (agricultural)? - ?Tractors (truck) ? - ?Vibration analysis? - ?Vibration control

Uncontrolled terms: Design and Development? - ?Equilibrium positions? - ?Evaluation indicators? - ?Nonlinear mathematical model? - ?Sinusoidal excitations? - ?Suspension performance? - ?Taguchi experimental design? - ?Vibration acceleration

Classification code: 406.2 Roads and Streets? - ?601 Mechanical Design? - ?601.2 Machine Components? - ?632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery? - ?663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles? - ?663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components? - ?716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?731.3 Specific Variables Control? - ?961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Time 5.00e-01s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.064

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

21. Design and Experiment of Precision Fertilizer Distribution Mechanism with Horizontal Turbine Blades

Accession number: 20204809562533

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Cailing (1); Zhang, Fuyin (1); Du, Xin (1); Jiang, Meng (1); Yuan, Hao (1); Liu, Quan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Soil-Machine-Plant System Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 165-174

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to improve the fertilization uniformity performance, large granule urea was taken as the research object. A horizontal turbine blade type precision fertilizer was designed. The key parameters were designed and analyzed. The influencing factors and parameter range were determined. And based on the discrete element simulation software, the surface parameters of logarithmic spiral blade were determined. Single-factor test of fertilizer amount and Box-Behnken test of uniformity of fertilization were carried out with number of turbine blades, turbine rotation speed and angle of fertilizer hole as the main factors. The test verified that the precision fertilizer distribution mechanism with one turbine had a better row fertilizer performance which was complied with the technical specifications of fertilization machinery quality evaluation. Also, the test result showed that the fertilizer amount per second of the fertilizer distribution mechanism with one turbine was decreased with the increase of rotation speed of turbine, showing a linear relationship with a correlation coefficient larger than 0.96. Therefore, the fertilizer distribution mechanism with one turbine can adjust the fertilizer amounts by varying the rotation speeding of turbine to meet the requirements of different fertilization. Therefore, the mechanism was easy to be used on the variable-rate fertilization technology. Using Design-Expert 8.0.6 data analysis software, multiple regression analysis and response surface analysis of experimental data were carried out. The regression model between the factors and qualified rate was established and influence of factors on indexes were analyzed. The influence relation of factors on the qualified rate was determined and the order of importance was number of turbine blades, turbine rotation speed and angle of fertilizer hole in turn. Based on the regression model, the parameters were optimized and the experimental verification was worked out. Results showed that the optimal parameter combination of angle of fertilizer hole, turbine rotation speed and number of turbine blades was 40°, 98 r/min and 8, respectively. The test results were consistent with the theoretical analysis results. The results of adaptability verification test for diamine phosphate granular fertilizer showed that the uniformity coefficient was close to 97%, and the variation coefficient of fertilizer output stability was less than 2%, the fertilizer had good fertilization uniformity and stability performance. The horizontal turbine blade type precision fertilizer can effectively improve the fertilization uniformity of granular fertilizer by comparative analysis with common fertilizer with external groove wheel. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Turbomachine blades

Controlled terms: Amines? - ?Computer software? - ?Fertilizers? - ?Quality control? - ?Regression analysis? - ?Rotation? - ?Surface analysis? - ?Testing? - ?Turbine components? - ?Urea

Uncontrolled terms: Data analysis softwares? - ?Discrete element simulation? - ?Experimental verification? - ?Multiple regression analysis? - ?Optimal parameter combinations? - ?Response surface analysis? - ?Technical specifications? - ?Variable rate fertilization

Classification code: 617 Turbines and Steam Turbines? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?804.1 Organic Compounds? - ?913.3 Quality Assurance and Control? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics? - ?931.1 Mechanics? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 9.70e+01%, Rotational_Speed 9.80e+01RPM

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.019

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

22. Electro-hydraulic Shift Quality of Power Shift Transmission of Heavy Duty Tractor

Accession number: 20204809562594

Title of translation:

Authors: Lu, Liqun (1); Zhou, Yaqian (1); Li, Hui (1); Wang, Yi (1); Yin, Yongfang (1); Zhao, Jing (2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China; (2) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China

Corresponding author: Zhao, Jing(zbceozj@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 550-556 and 602

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to avoid the interruption of power and reduce the impact of shift in a power shift tractor, the shift quality of a heavy-duty tractor power shift transmission was studied with a tractor full power shift transmission developed independently. The characteristics of torque transfer in the dynamic coupling process of the shifting clutch were analyzed. The key to the steady control of the shifting clutch was the accurate control of the clutch engagement pressure. The influence of different pressure control strategies on gear shifting quality was studied based on the overlap time of gear shifting and engagement pressure. Taking shift hydraulic impact, sliding friction and output torque as the optimization objectives, the influence of overlapping time, engagement pressure and sliding difference of the master and slave moving plate of the shift clutch on shift quality was studied. The higher the engagement pressure was, the smaller the sliding difference of the shift clutch was. If the overlap time of gear shift was too short, it would result in the decrease or interruption of tractor power. If the shift overlap time was too long, two shift clutches would be engaged for a long time at the same time and “double locking” phenomenon occurred. When the clutch was separated, there was a mutating dynamic load on the output shaft. Therefore, the shift overlap time should be controlled reasonably to achieve the best shift quality. The shift control strategy of different shift overlap time was studied. The shift quality was analyzed synthetically by combining shift hydraulic impact and sliding friction, and the optimal shift point was determined under certain conditions. The simulation results showed that when the shift overlap time was 0.3 s, the shift had the lowest hydraulic impact, the least sliding friction power and the least torque loss. Besides, the shift quality was the best. The output torque of the joint pressure was the same within the range of 0.40~0.63 MPa (the slip was 455.2~560.0 r/min). When the joint pressure was 0.40 MPa, the value of sliding friction and shifting hydraulic impact force reached the minimum. This study laid a foundation for further realization of pressure tracking and accurate control of shift clutch. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Quality control

Controlled terms: Clutches? - ?Dynamic loads? - ?Friction? - ?Pressure control? - ?Torque? - ?Tractors (agricultural)? - ?Tractors (truck)? - ?Transmissions

Uncontrolled terms: Clutch engagements? - ?Control strategies? - ?Different pressures? - ?Dynamic couplings? - ?Electro-hydraulics? - ?Heavy-duty tractors? - ?Hydraulic impacts? - ?Pressure tracking

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General? - ?602.2 Mechanical Transmissions? - ?663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles? - ?731.3 Specific Variables Control? - ?913.3 Quality Assurance and Control? - ?931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

Numerical data indexing: Pressure 4.00e+05Pa, Pressure 4.00e+05Pa to 6.30e+05Pa, Rotational_Speed 4.55e+02RPM to 5.60e+02RPM, Time 3.00e-01s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.065

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

23. Electro-hydraulic Hitch Terrain-adaptive Control System for Hillside Tractors

Accession number: 20204809562264

Title of translation:

Authors: Fan, Yongkui (1, 2); Zhai, Zhiqiang (1, 2); Zhu, Zhongxiang (1, 2); Mao, Enrong (1, 2); Wang, Hao (1, 2); Chen, Yiming (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Soil-Machine-Plant System Technology, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Zhu, Zhongxiang(zhuzhonxiang@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 517-524

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In view of the complex terrain and poor terrain adaptability of the traditional electro-hydraulic hitch control system, a set of terrain-adaptive control system for electro-hydraulic hitch of hillside tractors with adjustable lateral attitude was designed. According to the requirement of terrain-adaptive control operation of hillside tractors, a new type of terrain-adaptive hitch mechanism was designed by adding a hydraulic driving rotary device on the basis of traditional hitch structure. Based on hydraulic multi-point power output technology, a closed core hydraulic control system with load feedback was designed and a control method based on the classical PID algorithm with dead zone was proposed. Through the analysis of the working principle of the valve controlled asymmetric hydraulic cylinder, the mathematical model was established and the transfer function of the copy control system was derived. The dynamic model of the electro-hydraulic hitch terrain-adaptive control system was established by Matlab/Simulink and the simulation analysis was carried out. The simulation results showed that under the action of 0°~11° step signal, the adjustment time of the system was about 0.4 s, with almost no overshot. After the system stabilized, the lateral inclination of agricultural implements was about 11.1°, and the steady-state error was about 0.1°, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. The traditional tractor hydraulic hitch was modified by converting the original handle control hydraulic hitch into an electro-hydraulic hitch control system with a virtual terminal, and a copy control test bench was built and an indoor bench test was carried out. The test results showed that the adjustment time of the system was about 2.2 s, with almost no oversetting. After the system was stabilized, the lateral inclination angle of agricultural implements was about 11.2°, and the steady state error was about 0.2°, which was within the range of 0.5°, allowed by the system. The test results verified that the designed electro-hydraulic mounted terrain-adaptive control system of the tractor can adjust quickly and stably and meet the requirements of contour slope operation of the tractor. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Adaptive control systems

Controlled terms: Agricultural implements? - ?Agricultural robots? - ?Agriculture? - ?Automobile testing? - ?Functions? - ?Hydraulic equipment? - ?Landforms? - ?MATLAB? - ?Tools? - ?Tractors (truck)

Uncontrolled terms: Electro-hydraulics? - ?Hydraulic control systems? - ?Hydraulic cylinders? - ?Hydraulic driving? - ?Inclination angles? - ?Simulation analysis? - ?Steady state errors? - ?Virtual Terminals

Classification code: 481.1 Geology? - ?632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery? - ?662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles? - ?663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Time 2.20e+00s, Time 4.00e-01s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.061

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

24. Experiment on Fertilizing Performance of Dynamic Tilt Condition of Seeder with Deep Fertilizer for Rapeseed

Accession number: 20204809562266

Title of translation:

Authors: Gao, Liping (1); Chen, Hui (1, 2); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2); Zhang, Qingsong (1); Li, Yuebin (1); Liao, Yitao (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China

Corresponding author: Liao, Yitao(liaoetao@mail.hzau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 64-72

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The existing combined precision seeder for rapeseed would tilt when it delivers fertilizer into seedbed simultaneously with rape seed, which is affected by the change of land slope and other factors, and it has persistent challenge that solving the problem fertilizer strip is concentrated cause uneven application of fertilizer and low fertilizer efficiency in the field, highlighting a need for investigating the unclear problem that change law of fertilizer amount in each strip under inclined state. In order to clarify the relationship between uniformity of fertilizer and inclined state, the fertilizer system combined precision seeder for rapeseed was taken as the research object, and the dynamic model of fertilizer particles under different inclined state was constructed, which was used to analyze the influence of inclined state on the flow characteristics of fertilizer. Firstly, the working condition of seeder in the field under the different tilted angle in the range of 1°~5° was simulated by test platform, and single factor experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of the different inclined states with apiece row consistency variability coefficient and the stability variability coefficient of the outer groove-wheel fertilizer. Furthermore, the mathematical model of the influence of the inclined state with the fertilization uniformity was established. The test results showed that the apiece row consistency variability coefficient and the stability variability coefficient of the fertilizer feed was 8.75% and 0.89% when the seeder was in the horizontal ideal state; while with the increase of the angle range of single swing or reciprocating swing in the operation direction, the apiece row consistency variability coefficient and stability variability coefficient of the fertilizer feed were gradually decreased, with the lowest value of 8.35% and 0.41%, which indicated that the swing along the operation direction had an enhancement effect on the fertilization uniformity of the fertilizer feed. However, with the increase of the angle range of single swing or reciprocating swing in the vertical operation direction, the apiece row consistency variability coefficient and stability variability coefficient of the fertilizer feed were gradually increased, and the maximum values reached 11.41% and 2.16% when the inclination angle was 5°. This study provided a reference for field production and fertilization performance optimization of rape synchronous deep fertilization seeder. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Fertilizers

Controlled terms: Oilseeds? - ?Stability

Uncontrolled terms: Application of fertilizers? - ?Enhancement effects? - ?Fertilizer efficiency? - ?Flow charac-teristics? - ?Inclination angles? - ?Performance optimizations? - ?Research object? - ?Single-factor experiments

Classification code: 804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 2.16e+00%, Percentage 4.10e-01%, Percentage 8.35e+00%, Percentage 8.75e+00%, Percentage 8.90e-01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.008

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

25. Design of Hardware in Loop Tractor Electro-hydraulic Coupling Steering Test Platform

Accession number: 20204809562372

Title of translation:

Authors: Xu, Guangfei (1, 2); Pang, Huanxiao (1); Chen, Meizhou (1); Song, Zhicai (1); Zhao, Dianbao (1); Diao, Peisong (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China; (2) Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Liaocheng; 255000, China

Corresponding author: Diao, Peisong(dps2003@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 525-534 and 549

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Due to low cost and high maneuverability and the reserve of original hydraulic system, the electric hydraulic coupling steering system is widely applied in tractor automated driving, but it is still unclear about the steering scheme characteristics which is existing in the process of the steering system. In the research process of the steering system, the technicians have some problems, such as the acquisition of experimental data subject to the current experimental conditions, the difficulty of the acquisition and recording of steering data, and the cost of manpower and material resources in the field debugging and installation of the tractor steering device. Based on this, a hardware in the loop of electric hydraulic coupling tractor steering test platform was designed. The design process of the platform parameters mainly considered the power loss, and in order to meet the performance requirements of the electro-hydraulic coupling steering system, the precision design and range design were carried out. Through the overall parameter design, the parameter calculation model of the electro-hydraulic booster and the resistance loading system was obtained, and the control and mechanical model simulation of the electro-hydraulic coupling steering system were established based on AMESim to optimize the parameters. The test platform can realize simulation of steering resistance moment under different soil conditions, automatic compensation control of active resetting torque of steering system and the response characteristic analysis and experimental verification of the electro-hydraulic coupling steering system of tractor and the automatic driving test, including path tracking. Through the hardware in-loop control scheme based on dSPACE and PXI, all kinds of steering condition tests were carried out. The results showed that the resistance loading simulation system can realize dynamic loading according to different driving conditions and other parameters, and the response speed and control accuracy can meet the requirements of field resistance simulation and electro-hydraulic power steering system can produce better smooth power with a good sense of steering. Furthormore, the control system can cooperate with each sensor hardware, so that the tractor electro-hydraulic coupling steering test platform had a good response characteristics, which can truly restore the tractor steering process, and provide a good reference for technical personnel. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Automobile testing

Controlled terms: Automobile drivers? - ?Design? - ?Dynamic loads? - ?Hydraulic equipment? - ?Program debugging? - ?Tractors (agricultural)? - ?Tractors (truck)

Uncontrolled terms: Electro-hydraulic power steering? - ?Experimental conditions? - ?Experimental verification? - ?Hard-ware-in-the-loop? - ?Parameter calculation? - ?Performance requirements? - ?Response characteristic? - ?Steering resistance moments

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General? - ?432 Highway Transportation? - ?632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery? - ?662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles? - ?663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles? - ?723.1 Computer Programming

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.062

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

26. Design and Experiment of Mechanical Forced Fertilizing Device for Paddy Field

Accession number: 20204809562532

Title of translation:

Authors: Wei, Guojian (1); Qi, Bing (2); Jiao, Wei (1); Shi, Song (1); Jian, Shichun (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Ji’nan; 250100, China; (2) Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China

Corresponding author: Shi, Song(shisongfox@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 154-164

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The technology of deep mechanical fertilization in paddy field has been developed rapidly as the research and development of special fertilizer for paddy field mechanical fertilization was mature. But the uniformity of mechanical fertilization in paddy field was poor at present, some phenomenon was still exist such as fertilizer bonding, overhead, ditcher blocked during the operating at the end of the furrow opener. In view of the current problems, a mechanical forced fertilizer discharging device adopted with the principle of screw auger forced transportation for paddy field was innovatively designed, and structural design and performance test of key components combined with the agronomic characteristics of paddy field mechanical fertilizer application were carried out. The working process of the forced fertilizer component was divided into three stages. The status of fertilizers in the spiral forced fertilizer discharging device and the key factors affecting the working performance of the device were analyzed by kinematics and dynamics, three factors of auger diameter, auger speed and auger pitch of forced fertilizer discharging parts were designed and calculated. The auger diameter, auger speed and auger pitch were taken as the test factors, and the variation coefficient of fertilizer uniformity was taken as the response index, and single factor bench test was carried out to determine the value range of each factor. The order of the primary and secondary factors affecting fertilizer discharge performance was determined as follows: screw auger speed, auger pitch and auger diameter by variance analysis, and response surface analysis were carried out on the test results which analyzed by quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test. By using Design-Expert software, the optimal working parameter combination was determined as follows: auger speed was 120.09 r/min, auger diameter was 23.90 mm, and auger pitch was 21.54 mm, at this time, the variation coefficient of fertilizer uniformity in the bench test was 7.18%. A field verification test was carried out by installing the designed compulsory fertilizer discharging device on the paddy field machinery. The results showed that the mechanical compulsory screw fertilizer discharging device worked steadily and had a low plugging rate, the anti-blocking effect was better than that of the fertilizer machine without this part. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Fertilizers

Controlled terms: Augers? - ?Screws? - ?Software testing? - ?Structural design? - ?Surface analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Discharge performance? - ?Fertilizer applications? - ?Kinematics and dynamics? - ?Quadratic orthogonal rotation? - ?Research and development? - ?Response surface analysis? - ?Variation coefficient? - ?Working performance

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General? - ?502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment? - ?605 Small Tools and Hardware? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 7.18e+00%, Rotational_Speed 1.20e+02RPM, Size 2.15e-02m, Size 2.39e-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.018

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

27. Design and Experiment of Belt Screen Seed Sorter for Camellia oleifera Fused with Photoelectric Color Sorting Technology

Accession number: 20204809562368

Title of translation:

Authors: Lu, Yao (1, 2); Wang, Wei (1, 2); Zhong, Bin (3); Jin, Qi (3); Wang, Bo (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimized Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Collaborative Innovation Center for Gannan Oil Tea Camellia Industrial Development, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou; 341000, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Wei(playerwxw@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 429-439

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: After batch of Camellia oleifera are peeled, the shells and seeds of Camellia oleifera are mixed together. In order to ensure the quality of camellia oil, clean seeds should be obtained. Currently, seeds are picked out manually, which is time-consuming and laborious with low efficiency. Therefore, a belt screen seed sorter for Camellia oleifera fused with photoelectric color sorting technology was designed. Firstly, according to the characteristic differences of Camellia oleifera shells and seeds in friction angle and collision coefficient, the vibrating belt screen was designed for initial separation. Secondly, the difference in gray value was used to carry out secondary photoelectric separation of residual seeds in the shell of after belt separation. Kinematics and dynamics analysis of Camellia oleifera shells and seeds on the belt screen showed that the main factors affecting the screening rate of the vibrating belt were belt inclination (A), belt speed (B) and vibration frequency (C). Based on the cleanliness rate of the seed and the ratio of seeds in shell, the orthogonal rotation combination test was carried out. When the belt inclination angle was 19°, the belt speed was 1.50 m/s, and the vibration frequency was 55.40 Hz, the index parameters of the seed box cleaning rate were 95.52% and the ratio of seeds in shell was 24.30%. The optimal parameters were tested and verified, and the results were reliable. The photoelectric sorting test for materials with different seed ratios showed that the cleanness rate of the seed was stable at 98.23%, and the ratio of seeds in shell remained at 2.34%, indicating that the photoelectric sorting can accurately identify and sort out the Camellia oleifera seeds. The optimal parameter test results of the whole machine showed that the average cleaning rate of Camellia oleifera seeds in the two seed boxes of machine and the ratio of seeds in shell was 97.55% and 3.27%, respectively. This belt screen seed sorter for Camellia oleifera based on photoelectric color separation realized the efficient separation of camellia hulls and seeds, laying a foundation for the subsequent improvement of the quality of camellia oil. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Belts

Controlled terms: Cleaning? - ?Color? - ?Photoelectricity? - ?Separation? - ?Shells (structures)? - ?Vibration analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Camellia oleifera seeds? - ?Characteristic difference? - ?Collision coefficients? - ?Inclination angles? - ?Kinematics and dynamics analysis? - ?Optimal parameter? - ?Orthogonal rotations? - ?Vibration frequency

Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes? - ?602.1 Mechanical Drives? - ?741.1 Light/Optics? - ?802.3 Chemical Operations

Numerical data indexing: Frequency 5.54e+01Hz, Percentage 2.34e+00%, Percentage 2.43e+01%, Percentage 3.27e+00%, Percentage 9.55e+01%, Percentage 9.75e+01%, Percentage 9.82e+01%, Velocity 1.50e+00m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.051

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

28. Rotating Tray Microwave Vacuum Drying Characteristics of Kiwifruit Slices

Accession number: 20204809562525

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Fujie (1); Xin, Lidong (1); Dai, Jianwu (2); Li, Lixia (1); Zhou, Jie (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an; 625014, China

Corresponding author: Dai, Jianwu(daijianwu@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 501-508

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To investigate the rotating tray microwave vacuum drying characteristics and quality attributes of kiwifruit slices, the effects of different microwave power density (3.33 W/g, 6.25 W/g and 9.58 W/g), drying temperature (40, 45, 50 and 55), vacuum holding pressure (20 kPa, 15 kPa, 10 kPa and 5 kPa) and slice thickness (3 mm, 6 mm, 9 mm and 12 mm) on the drying kinetics of kiwifruit slices were analyzed. Weibull function and neural network model were also compared to choose the appropriate fitting model for kiwifruit slices drying. The results suggested that rotary tray microwave vacuum drying can greatly increase the material loading capacity. Meanwhile, the drying uniformity was increased by 16% compared with the traditional vacuum microwave drying method, and the average energy consumption was only 71.2% of the latter, which ensured excellent drying quality under the mass processing of kiwifruit slices. With the decrease of power density and the increase of slice thickness, there was a more obvious constant speed section in the process of material drying. When the moisture content of kiwifruit slices (dry base) dropped to about 1.3 g/g, the drying process changed to the speed reduction stage. The drying rate was added with the increase of microwave power density, drying temperature and vacuum holding pressure, as well as the decrease in slice thickness. Properly reducing the power density and drying temperature, increasing the vacuum degree and thickness can improve the quality attributes of dry products. The optimization parameter was confirmed at the power density of 6.25 W/g, drying temperature of 45, vacuum holding pressure of 5 kPa and the thickness of 6 mm. By analyzing the predicted values of two models, the determination coefficient (R2) of neural network model can reach up to 0.996 and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.021 6, which had better simulation precision than that of Weibull model and it can predict the water transfer law of kiwifruit accurately during microwave vacuum drying. The research reuslt provided a scientific reference for the mass production of kiwi fruit slices during the pilot stage. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Drying

Controlled terms: Energy utilization? - ?Fruits? - ?Mean square error? - ?Microwave generation? - ?Microwave heating? - ?Neural networks? - ?Weibull distribution

Uncontrolled terms: Determination coefficients? - ?Microwave - vacuum drying? - ?Microwave power density? - ?Neural network model? - ?Optimization parameter? - ?Root mean square errors? - ?Scientific references? - ?Vacuum microwave drying

Classification code: 525.3 Energy Utilization? - ?642.1 Process Heating? - ?713.2 Oscillators? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 7.12e+01%, Pressure 1.00e+04Pa, Pressure 1.50e+04Pa, Pressure 2.00e+04Pa, Pressure 5.00e+03Pa, Size 1.20e-02m, Size 3.00e-03m, Size 6.00e-03m, Size 9.00e-03m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.059

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

29. Design and Experiment of Wheat Mechanical Shooting Seed-metering Device

Accession number: 20204809562366

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Yingbo (1, 2); Li, Hongwen (1, 2); Wang, Qingjie (1, 2); He, Jin (1, 2); Lu, Caiyun (1, 2); Liu, Kaihua (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Cultivated Land Conservation Agricultural Science Observation and Experiment Station of Northern Hebei Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Li, Hongwen(lhwen@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 73-84

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of poor uniformity of depth for wheat cover by soil in the contact seeding form of wheat seeder in China North plain, planting effects were easily affected by some parts of planter, a non-contact mechanical shooting seed-metering device for wheat was developed. Moreover, planting process and structure of planter were also simplified. The key components of the planter was designed, moreover, overall structure and working principle of planter were explained. The shooting performance was influenced by seed distributor and seeding control cage. The process of carrying and accelerating process of planter were analyzed. The rotation speed of seed-metering device, the forward speed, and the shooting height were selected as test factors through theoretical analysis, and the stability of the shooting depth, shooting velocity, average shooting depth and the coefficient of variation of the seed amount were selected as indicators for simulation test and bench test. Moreover, a verification test was conducted in Conservation Tillage Research Center of China Agricultural University, in 2019. The primary and secondary order of influencing factors for each test index were obtained. For the stability of the shooting depth, the significance order was rotation speed of seed-metering device, forward speed, and the shooting height; for the coefficient of variation of the seed amount, the order was forward speed, rotation speed of seed-metering device and shooting height, respectively; for the shooting velocity, the order was forward speed, rotation speed of seed-metering device and shooting height; and for the average shooting depth, the order was forward speed, shooting height and forward speed, rotation speed of seed-metering device and shooting height. In specific, shooting height was a non-significance factor for shooting velocity. The test results showed that when forward speed, rotation speed and shooting height were 1.0 m/s, 1 100 r/min and 100 mm, respectively, the stability of the shooting depth, seeding amount variation coefficient, shooting velocity of wheat seed and average shooting depth was 8.3%, 13.9%, 35.2 m/s and 34 mm, respectively. The experiment verified that the designed mechanical shooting seed-metering device could meet the agronomic requirements of wheat sowing in China North plain. This research provided a method for the design of wheat planter. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Seed

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Deformation? - ?Design? - ?Pneumatic materials handling equipment? - ?Rotation? - ?Soil conservation? - ?Testing? - ?Velocity

Uncontrolled terms: Accelerating process? - ?Coefficient of variation? - ?Conservation tillage? - ?Seed metering devices? - ?Shooting performance? - ?Simulation tests? - ?Variation coefficient? - ?Verification tests

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.39e+01%, Percentage 8.30e+00%, Rotational_Speed 1.10e+03RPM, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 3.40e-02m, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s, Velocity 3.52e+01m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.009

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

30. Design and Experiment of Real-time Control System for Target Spraying Based on LiDAR

Accession number: 20204809562236

Title of translation: LiDAR

Authors: Yuan, Pengcheng (1); Li, Qiujie (1); Deng, Xian (1); Zhou, Hongping (1); Ru, Yu (1); Zhou, Mengfei (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037, China

Corresponding author: Li, Qiujie(liqiujie_1@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 273-280

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of delayed spray in automatic target spraying, a real-time control target spray system was designed. The system took the laser detection and ranging (LiDAR) as the detector and the real-time speed of the spray vehicle was obtained by using the true ground speed sensor (TGSS), and a delayed spray model was established, which continuously adjusted the spray delay time. The delay spray model included delay memory and delay counter. The delay memory used the FIFO buffer to store the spray instruction temporarily. The delay counter was pointed to the delay memory address, which used the current vehicle speed to calculate the delay index. The delay counter took out the spray instruction corresponding to the delay memory address and sent it to the solenoid valve controller to realize the target spray. The response time of the system was firstly analyzed in the experimental part, including identifying target time, calculating the spray command time, communication time and the response time of the solenoid valve. The experimental results showed that the system response time was 160 ms and the delay memory had 42 delay units. Secondly, the accuracy of the MCU in calculating the frequency of the TGSS signal was compared by using the M method and T method with the Proteus simulation. Experimental results showed that the M method was more suitable for the frequency calculation of the described speed measurement system. Then, the speed of the spray vehicle was proportional to the frequency of the square wave signal after the installation angle of TGSS was determined. The proportional coefficient was determined to be 0.009 9 through fitting. The r-squared of linear fitting of speed and frequency was 0.999 8. Finally, the experiment verified the overall effectiveness of the real-time control to the target spray system and measured the minimum recognizable spacing of the real-time control to the target spray system. The experimental results showed that the minimum recognizable spacing was between 80 mm and 180 mm, the ability of the system to recognize the target spacing was decreased with the increase of the speed of the spray vehicle, when the target spacing was greater than 180 mm, the system can identify targets effectively. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Response time (computer systems)

Controlled terms: Optical radar? - ?Real time control? - ?Solenoid valves? - ?Solenoids? - ?Speed? - ?Vehicles

Uncontrolled terms: Communication time? - ?Frequency calculations? - ?Installation angle? - ?Laser detection and ranging? - ?Overall effectiveness? - ?Speed measurement? - ?Square wave signals? - ?System response time

Classification code: 619 Pipes, Tanks and Accessories; Plant Engineering Generally? - ?704.1 Electric Components? - ?716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment? - ?731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications

Numerical data indexing: Size 1.80e-01m, Size 8.00e-02m to 1.80e-01m, Time 1.60e-01s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.032

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

31. Spatio-temporal Prediction Method of Dissolved Oxygen in Ponds Based on DeepAR-RELM

Accession number: 20204809562255

Title of translation: DeepAR-RELM

Authors: Fan, Yuxing (1, 2); Ren, Ni (3); Tian, Ganglu (1, 2); Duan, Qingling (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Institute of Agricultural Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China

Corresponding author: Duan, Qingling(dqling@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 405-412

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Dissolved oxygen (DO) in water is an important ecological factor for the healthy growth of aquaculture products. Dissolved oxygen in ponds is susceptible to many factors, which would cause differences in temporal and spatial distribution. Most of the existing dissolved oxygen prediction methods are time series predictions for a single monitoring point, and it cannot describe the spatial distribution of dissolved oxygen in the pond. Therefore, it is very important to predict the spatial and temporal dissolved oxygen in ponds. A spatio-temporal prediction method of dissolved oxygen in ponds based on autoregressive recurrent neural network (DeepAR) and regularized extreme learning machine (RELM) was proposed. Firstly, according to the sample entropy (SE) of the original dissolved oxygen sequence of each monitoring point and the maximum mutual information coefficient (MIC) between the sequences, a monitoring point with a smaller entropy value and a greater correlation with each point was selected as the central monitoring point, and the pond spatial coordinate system was established with the central monitoring point as the origin. Secondly, the DeepAR algorithm was used to predict the time series of dissolved oxygen in the central monitoring point. Finally, the RELM algorithm was used to construct the spatial mapping relation model between the central monitoring point and the dissolved oxygen in each location of the pond, and the spatial prediction of the dissolved oxygen in the pond in the future was realized by combining the predicted value of the time series of the dissolved oxygen at the central monitoring point and the spatial coordinates of the pond. This method not only improved the accuracy of time series prediction, but also realized the spatial prediction of dissolved oxygen in ponds. Tested on a real dataset predicting the dissolved oxygen value of the pond space in the next 24 hours, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 1.263 3 mg/L, the average absolute error (MAE) was 0.975 5 mg/L, and the average absolute percentage error (MAPE) was 14.873 2%. Compared with common prediction methods, the performance of each evaluation index was greatly improved, which could more accurately realize the spatio-temporal prediction of dissolved oxygen in ponds. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 24

Main heading: Dissolved oxygen

Controlled terms: Aquaculture? - ?Dissolution? - ?Entropy? - ?Errors? - ?Forecasting? - ?Lakes? - ?Learning systems? - ?Mean square error? - ?Monitoring? - ?Ponds ? - ?Recurrent neural networks? - ?Spatial distribution? - ?Stereophonic broadcasting? - ?Time series

Uncontrolled terms: Average absolute error? - ?Extreme learning machine? - ?Maximum mutual information? - ?Root mean square errors? - ?Spatial coordinates? - ?Spatio-temporal prediction? - ?Temporal and spatial distribution? - ?Time series prediction

Classification code: 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems? - ?641.1 Thermodynamics? - ?802.3 Chemical Operations? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Time 8.64e+04s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.048

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

32. Water Stress Diagnosis Algorithm of Greenhouse Tomato Based on Fine-tuning Learning

Accession number: 20204809562267

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhao, Qihui (1); Li, Li (1); Zhang, Miao (1); Lan, Tian (2); Sigrimis, N.A. (3)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Athens Agricultural University, Athens; 11855, Greece

Corresponding author: Li, Li(lily@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 340-347 and 356

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Leaf water stress degree of real-time diagnosis was one of the methods of scientific irrigation. A kind of leaf water stress degree classification method was putted forward, for feature extraction based on ResNet101 convolution Mask R-CNN networks, the blade was firstly divided, through the study of the migration Mask R-CNN on pre training to get the weight of COCO data set for instance segmentation of tomato leaves, the original convolution network training parameters were retained, and only the connection layer was adjusted. By using the features extracted from the convolutional network, tomato leaf segmentation could be regarded as a dichotomy problem to distinguish the leaf from the background, so as to segment tomato leaf images under different water stresses. Then after using the fine-tuning DenseNet169 leaf water stress degree classification image classification model, through the study of the migration DenseNet169 ImageNet data set for the training to get the weight for the classification of tomato leaf water stress degree, remain unchanged, the parameters of DenseNet169 convolution only trained the last fully connection layer, and modified the original DenseNet169 fully connection layer, amended the classification number from 1 000 to 3. In the experiment, a total of 2 000 images were collected of leaves of greenhouse tomatoes with obvious characteristics, including no water stress, moderate stress and severe stress. A data set was established and the model was trained and tested. Experimental results showed that the average Mathews correlation coefficient (MCC) of the Mask R-CNN blade instance segmentation model after training was 0.798 for single and multiple leaves on the test set, and the average accuracy (ACC) could reach 94.37%. After training of DenseNet169 leaf water stress, the degree of accuracy of classification model on the test set was 94.68%, and compared with that of the VGG-19 and AlexNet, the classification model accuracy was increased by 5.59 percentage points and 14.68 percentage points, respectively, and the average operation time of method to detect a 2 million-pixel image was 1.2 s, but it had good effect on greenhouse tomato leaf water stress degree real-time diagnosis, which could provide reference for building intelligent technology to water stress analysis. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Computer aided diagnosis

Controlled terms: Classification (of information)? - ?Convolution? - ?Convolutional neural networks? - ?Extraction? - ?Fruits? - ?Greenhouse effect? - ?Greenhouses? - ?Image segmentation? - ?Plants (botany)? - ?Real time systems ? - ?Stress analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Classification images? - ?Classification methods? - ?Classification models? - ?Convolutional networks? - ?Correlation coefficient? - ?Diagnosis algorithms? - ?Greenhouse tomatoes? - ?Intelligent technology

Classification code: 451 Air Pollution? - ?461.1 Biomedical Engineering? - ?716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?722.4 Digital Computers and Systems? - ?802.3 Chemical Operations? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.44e+01%, Percentage 9.47e+01%, Time 1.20e+00s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.040

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

33. Structure Optimization and Experiment of Corn Layered Fertilization Device

Accession number: 20204809562513

Title of translation:

Authors: Yang, Qinglu (1, 2); Huang, Xingyuan (1, 2); Wang, Qingjie (1, 2); Li, Hongwen (1, 2); Wang, Yingbo (1, 2); Wang, Lanyue (3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Key Laboratory of Design and Optimization in Modern Agricultural Equipment, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Changping District Agricultural Service Center of Beijing, Beijing; 102200, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Qingjie(wangqingjie@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 175-185

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The layered fertilization technology could apply the fertilizer required for the entire growth of corn into the soil in specific ratio, which can not only improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, but also reduce operating procedures, improve operating efficiency, save input and increase efficiency. Aiming at the problems of non-obviously effect of fertilizer layering and difficult-controlling for amount of fertilizer in each layer, which because of the large ditch width and poor soil returning effect, a spatial layered fertilization device with adjustable fertilizer amount in each layer was designed. A semi-enclosed seed distribution was formed in the soil by using this kind of device. The basic structural parameters of the spatial layered fertilization device and the main factors that affected the movement of fertilizer particles in the layered fertilization device was obtained through theoretical analysis and design calculations. The discrete element method was used to simulate the working process of the layered fertilization device. The front-end width, rear-end width and installation angle of fertilization adjustment piece was selected as test factors, and the amount of fertilizer discharged of the upper and middle fertilizer outlets was taken as the experiment indicators for a quadratic-regression orthogonal combination simulation test. A regression model of experiment index was established and influencing factors were obtained. The simulation results showed that the fertilizer application ratio of the upper, middle and lower three-layer fertilizer outlets was the best fertilization ratio as 3:3:4, while the front-end width of the fertilization adjustment piece, rear-end width and installation angle was 3.61 mm, 21.52 mm and 43.23°, respectively. In order to verify the results of the simulation analysis, the prototype performance test of the spatial layered fertilization device was carried out at different operating speeds and fertilization amounts. The test results showed that the spatial layered fertilization device could meet the target fertilization ratio of each layer. The coefficient of variation of fertilizer amount of each layer at different operating speeds and fertilization amounts, depth error of each layer and the horizontal distance error of each layer was within 4.3%, 10 mm and 6 mm, respectively. The field experiment also showed a stable working performance by using spatial layered fertilization device. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Fertilizers

Controlled terms: Efficiency? - ?Regression analysis? - ?Soils? - ?Structural optimization

Uncontrolled terms: Coefficient of variation? - ?Design calculations? - ?Fertilizer applications? - ?Operating efficiency? - ?Quadratic regression? - ?Simulation analysis? - ?Structural parameter? - ?Structure optimization

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?913.1 Production Engineering? - ?921.5 Optimization Techniques? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.30e+00%, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 2.15e-02m, Size 3.61e-03m, Size 6.00e-03m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.020

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

34. Experimental Research on Soil Digging Resistance and Energy Consumption Based on Vibration

Accession number: 20204809562512

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Dongwei (1); Wang, Jiasheng (1); Shang, Shuqi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Jiasheng(jiasheng0813@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 267-272

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to study the influence of vibration frequency, vibration direction and other parameters on the resistance reduction and energy consumption characteristics of vibrating agricultural soil digging, a vibration soil digging resistance test-bed was designed and developed. Through theoretical analysis and calculation, the motion parameters of the vibration digging mechanism were determined. In the indoor soil tank system with 27% soil moisture and 2.2 MPa soil firmness, under the test conditions of 150 mm digging depth, 0.15~1.00 m/s forward speed and 2~20 Hz vibration frequency, the experimental study on the characteristics of excavation resistance and energy consumption of vibration test soil was carried out by using the test-bed. The test results showed that the working resistance of the vibration soil digging can be effectively reduced. The resistance reduction was increased with the increase of vibration frequency, during the frequency of 2~20 Hz, the maximum resistance reduction rates of forward-backward vibration and vertical vibration can reach 21% and 25%, respectively. The increasing rate of resistance reduction was slowed down after 10~14 Hz, which indicated that the range was in the natural frequency range of soil. The resistance reduction rate of soil digging was related to the ratio of vibration speed and forward speed. When the vibration speed was less than the forward speed, the resistance reduction rate was relatively small and only increased slowly with the increase of frequency. When the vibration speed was greater than the forward speed, the resistance reduction rate would be risen rapidly at the corresponding frequency point, after that, the growth rate was gradually slowed down. Due to the need for additional excitation energy input, the comprehensive energy consumption of forced vibration soil digging in two vibration directions was not reduced. Under the vibration of less than 10 Hz, the energy consumption ratio was in the range of 1~1.07, but when the vibration frequency exceeded 10 Hz, the energy consumption ratio would be increased rapidly with the increase of frequency. The increase of amplitude can reduce the resistance of soil digging, but the energy consumption of vibration digging would be increased greatly. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Vibration analysis

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Energy utilization? - ?Equipment testing? - ?Soil moisture? - ?Speed

Uncontrolled terms: Additional excitations? - ?Analysis and calculations? - ?Comprehensive energy? - ?Energy consumption ratios? - ?Experimental research? - ?Resistance reduction? - ?Vertical vibrations? - ?Vibration frequency

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics? - ?525.3 Energy Utilization

Numerical data indexing: Frequency 1.00e+01Hz, Frequency 1.00e+01Hz to 1.40e+01Hz, Frequency 2.00e+00Hz to 2.00e+01Hz, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.70e+01%, Pressure 2.20e+06Pa, Size 1.50e-01m, Velocity 1.50e-01m/s to 1.00e+00m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.031

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

35. Design and Experiment of Double Speed Measurement Mode of Corn Topdressing Control System Based on Spectral Information

Accession number: 20204809562262

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhao, Xueguan (1, 2); Jin, Xin (3); Zou, Wei (1, 2); Zhai, Changyuan (1, 2); Zhang, Chunfeng (1, 2); Wang, Xiu (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) School of Mechanical and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Xiu(wangx@nercita.org.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 145-153

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of low accuracy caused by the delay of Beidou single point speed measurement of corn topdressing machine, a double speed measurement mode combining Beidou single point speed measurement with ground wheel speed measurement was proposed. The control system of corn topdressing machine was set up and the corresponding control interface was developed. The double speed measurement mode rule was established and the controller program was designed. The speed range of acceleration and deceleration process judgment and stable speed measurement of ground wheel were studied. The switching conditions of dual speed measurement mode were determined by experiment, and the feasibility of dual speed measurement mode was verified. The test results showed that the maximum speed of the ground wheel was 6.0 km/h, the optimal value of the ground wheel speed measurement queue N was 5, and the critical value of mode switching speed variation coefficient was 4.2%. The speed measurement performance comparison test results of four different target speeds of 3.5 km/h, 5.5 km/h, 6.0 km/h and 8.0 km/h showed that the average response time of double speed measurement mode was 1.6 s earlier than that of Beidou single point speed measurement, and the deceleration phase was 1.8 s earlier. The actual fertilization distance was reduced by 0.55 m. The results of field fertilization performance test showed that the average speed difference of fertilizer application was 1.5 r/min in the acceleration stage of double speed measurement mode, and the maximum speed difference was 7.1 r/min at the speed of 8.0 km/h in deceleration stage. The results showed that the average response time of the system was 1.3 s, the average steady-state error was 0.8 r/min and the average overshoot was 8.7%. The accuracy of double speed mode switching was 100%, which met the needs of precision fertilization. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Speed

Controlled terms: Control systems? - ?Radio navigation? - ?Response time (computer systems)? - ?Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Acceleration and deceleration? - ?Controller programs? - ?Fertilizer applications? - ?Performance comparison? - ?Precision fertilizations? - ?Spectral information? - ?Steady state errors? - ?Switching conditions

Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components? - ?716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment? - ?731.1 Control Systems

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 4.20e+00%, Percentage 8.70e+00%, Rotational_Speed 1.50e+00RPM, Rotational_Speed 7.10e+00RPM, Rotational_Speed 8.00e-01RPM, Size 5.50e-01m, Time 1.30e+00s, Time 1.60e+00s, Time 1.80e+00s, Velocity 1.53e+00m/s, Velocity 1.67e+00m/s, Velocity 2.22e+00m/s, Velocity 9.72e-01m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.017

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

36. Wireless Data Acquisition System for Tractor Field Operation

Accession number: 20204809562528

Title of translation:

Authors: Dai, Dong (1); Chen, Du (1, 2); Zhang, Bin (1); Wang, Ling (1); Wang, Shumao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment Optimization Design, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Du(tchendu@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 568-575

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Focused on the problems of low function integration, incomplete detection parameters and limited transmission distance of tractor detection system, a wireless detection system for tractor field operation parameters was developed. The system was composed of three parts: sensors, data acquisition instrument and PC monitoring software platform. It can realize the collection, wireless transmission and storage of various parameters such as PTO torque, PTO speed, fuel consumption, engine speed, suspension lifting force, force position adjustment, loading force, loading angle, driving speed, wheel speed, and traction force and so on. When the system was in working condition, the vehicle-mounted detector in the data acquisition instrument sent the collected sensor data to the wireless data receiver, and the wireless data receiver transmitted the data to the software monitoring platform through the serial port to realize real-time monitoring and processing of various test parameters. So as to verify the feasibility and stability of the detection system, the acquisition channel of the system was measured. The results showed that the maximum absolute error of the analog signal channel was 0.003 V, the maximum reference error was 0.03%, and the maximum absolute error of the frequency signal channel detection was 2 Hz, the maximum reference error was 0.013%. Therefore, the system can meet the requirements for collecting tractor operating parameters. Based on that, the data acquisition test of the PTO torque parameters and the tractor’s no-load driving speed was carried out, and the results showed that the detection system had the ability to achieve stable acquisition of torque parameters and wireless transmission of data; when the tractor was driving at a constant speed of 5 km/h, 8 km/h and 14 km/h respectively, the tractor wheel speed was basically the same as the actual driving speed, and the maximum relative errors were 2.0%, 1.2% and 0.7% respectively. This system satisfied the requirements of wireless detection for tractor working performance parameters, with stable collection process and high accuracy, providing an effective means for the wireless collection of tractor multi-operation parameters. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Data acquisition

Controlled terms: Automobile testing? - ?Digital storage? - ?Errors? - ?Fuel storage? - ?Personal computers? - ?Software testing? - ?Speed? - ?Tractors (truck)? - ?Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Acquisition channels? - ?Maximum absolute error? - ?Maximum relative errors? - ?Operating parameters? - ?Real time monitoring? - ?Transmission distances? - ?Wireless data acquisitions? - ?Wireless transmissions

Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components? - ?662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles? - ?663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles? - ?694.4 Storage? - ?722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques? - ?722.4 Digital Computers and Systems? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?723.5 Computer Applications

Numerical data indexing: Frequency 2.00e+00Hz, Percentage 1.20e+00%, Percentage 1.30e-02%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 3.00e-02%, Percentage 7.00e-01%, Velocity 1.39e+00m/s, Velocity 2.22e+00m/s, Velocity 3.89e+00m/s, Voltage 3.00e-03V

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.068

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

37. Design and Experiment of Detection and Supply System of Vegetable Plug Seedlings for Transplanting

Accession number: 20204809562545

Title of translation:

Authors: Wen, Yongshuang (1); Zhang, Yu (1); Tian, Jinyuan (1); Yuan, Ting (1); Zhang, Junxiong (1); Tan, Yuzhi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Yuan, Ting(yuanting122@hotmail.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 123-129

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In the field transplanting process of vegetable plug seedlings, the lack of seedlings in the plug trays and the failure of picking and throwing seedlings lead to the leakage planting, resulting in waste of resources such as land, water and pesticides. In order to solve the problem of leakage planting, a plug seedling detection and seedling leakage supply system (seedling supply system) for a fully automatic transplanter of vegetable plug seedlings was designed. As an independent functional module, the seedling supply system specifically included a plug seedling detection unit and a seedling supply device. A reflective optical fiber sensor (OFS) and a laser sensor were used to detect the separation seedling cup and identify the plug seedling in the separation seedling cup. Pepper, tomato, cabbage plug seedlings were tested at a variety of detection height by OFS to obtain the best detection height and threshold setting parameters for OFS detection. With the height of the OFS probe was increased, the difference values was increased first and then decreased. When the feedback difference values were the largest, the corresponding plug seedling detection height was the best, and the optimal threshold parameter was set according to the feedback value and the feedback difference value. The automatic supply device was designed, and the movement analysis of the seedling supply process was carried out. The HMI-PLC control system was designed to realize the control of the transplanter and the seedling supply system. A field comparison experiment with different transplanting frequencies was carried out on the opening and closing of the seedling supply system. The experiment results showed that when the single row transplanting frequency was 60 plants/min, 70 plants/min, and 80 plants/min, the recognition success rate was 98.15 %, 98.15% and 97.69%, the leakage planting rate was 1.85%, 2.31% and 2.31%, respectively. Compared with the transplanting when the seedling supply system was not enabled, the leakage planting rate was reduced by 14.59, 14.36 and 15.52 percentage points, respectively. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Seed

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery? - ?Feedback? - ?Optical fibers? - ?Vegetables

Uncontrolled terms: Difference values? - ?Functional modules? - ?Movement analysis? - ?Optimal threshold? - ?Percentage points? - ?PLC control systems? - ?Threshold setting? - ?Waste of resources

Classification code: 731.1 Control Systems? - ?741.1.2 Fiber Optics? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.85e+00%, Percentage 2.31e+00%, Percentage 9.77e+01%, Percentage 9.82e+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.014

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

38. Review of Field-based Information Acquisition and Analysis of High-throughput Phenotyping

Accession number: 20204809562535

Title of translation:

Authors: Cheng, Man (1); Yuan, Hongbo (1); Cai, Zhenjiang (1); Wang, Ning (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater; OK; 74075, United States

Corresponding author: Wang, Ning(ning.wang@okstate.edu)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 314-324

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The discovery of valuable phenotypic traits and determination of their genetic factors are significantly affected by the types and quantities of phenotyping information obtained, as well as information processing and analysis methods. The traditional method of acquisition of filed-based plant phenotyping information relys on manual sampling and measurement by researchers, which is time-consuming, laborious, inefficient and subjective. Therefore, the acquisition and analysis technology of high-throughput phenotypic information of field plants has been researched as a hotspot. There are three types of high-throughput phenotyping platforms, i.e., ground-based platform, air-based platform and space-based platform, which are distinguished by system loading modes. The research of filed-based phenotyping mainly focuses on three fields: platform, sensors and information analysis methods. The latest research results of field crop high-throughput phenotyping information acquisition and analysis technology at home and abroad were described from these three aspects. The application scope and limitations of commonly used sensors in phenotyping information acquisition technology and the advantages and disadvantages of different phenotyping information acquisition platforms were analyzed. The methods of phenotyping information analysis were summarized, and it was proposed that the application of high-throughput phenotyping information acquisition and analysis technology should be based on the specific situations and considered the actual needs and economic rationality of the selection and designing. There were no advantages or disadvantages in the data analysis method, but there were differences on their applicability. The determination of the specific method needed to be determined according to the acquired data type, data magnitude and analysis purpose. The principle was simple, fast and accurate. It was not appropriate to use complex machine learning methods for any information, because advanced algorithms meant higher computing performance requirements, and it was not easy to achieve real-time online detection in the field. In the future, phenotyping research would focus on multi-type data fusion, data standardization management, and multi-disciplinary knowledge integration. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 102

Main heading: Information management

Controlled terms: Crops? - ?Data fusion? - ?Discovery wells? - ?Information analysis? - ?Machine learning? - ?Space platforms? - ?Technology transfer

Uncontrolled terms: Computing performance? - ?Data analysis methods? - ?Data standardization? - ?Economic rationality? - ?Field-based information? - ?High-throughput phenotyping? - ?Information acquisitions? - ?Knowledge integration

Classification code: 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations? - ?655.1 Spacecraft, General? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?903.1 Information Sources and Analysis

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.037

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

39. Method for Controlling Turning Radius of Crawler-type Tractors Based on GMM

Accession number: 20204809562438

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Meng (1); Zhao, Bo (1); Wang, Changwei (1); Li, Hongwei (1); Liu, Yangchun (1); Fang, Xianfa (1)

Author affiliation: (1) State Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant-Machine System Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Fang, Xianfa(fangxf@caams.org.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 557-563

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Crawler-type tractors use differential steering, which has poor steering controllability and affects the performance of automatic navigation. In order to improve the performance of the automatic navigation of the crawler-type tractor, hydraulic transmission control planetary differential steering crawler-type tractor was taken as the research object, and the mathematical model of the turning radius of the crawler tractor was established. A calculation method for the mean and variance of the turning radius under each control variable was constructed, and a method for updating the mean and variance of the turning radius based on Kalman filter and local weighted regression was established. Based on Gaussian mixture model a tracked tractor turning radius control method was established for straight-line path tracking and turn round respectively. The pure pursuit was used to conduct automatic navigation simulation tests with different initial position deviations, and the results of navigation trajectory, position deviation and angle deviation were obtained. Using the NF-702 crawler-type tractor as experiment platform, a series of simulation tests were done at different speeds. Experiment results showed that when the initial heading angle was 0, the vehicle speed was 1.0 m/s and 1.5 m/s, the average navigation error was -0.62 cm and 0.28 cm, and the absolute value of the navigation error was 10.14 cm and 8.10 cm, respectively. The mean absolute value of navigation error was 2.34 cm and 2.57 cm, respectively, and the root mean square error of navigation was 3.77 cm and 3.99 cm, respectively. The experiment results showed that the proposed turning radius control method of crawler-type tractors based on Gaussian mixture model can be applied to the field of tracked tractor automatic navigation to meet the actual field operation requirements. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 20

Main heading: Tractors (agricultural)

Controlled terms: Automobile steering equipment? - ?Errors? - ?Gaussian distribution? - ?Mean square error? - ?Navigation? - ?Tractors (truck)

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic navigation? - ?Control variable? - ?Differential steering? - ?Experiment platforms? - ?Gaussian Mixture Model? - ?Local weighted regression? - ?Root mean square errors? - ?Straight-line paths

Classification code: 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components? - ?663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Size -6.20e-03m, Size 1.01e-01m, Size 2.34e-02m, Size 2.57e-02m, Size 2.80e-03m, Size 3.77e-02m, Size 3.99e-02m, Size 8.10e-02m, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s, Velocity 1.50e+00m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.066

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

40. Mass Flow Measurement System of Granular Fertilizer Based on Microwave Doppler Method

Accession number: 20204809562265

Title of translation:

Authors: Yang, Liwei (1); Huang, Jiayun (1); Zhang, Jiqin (1); Hu, Hao (1); Liu, Gang (1); Lü, Shusheng (2)

Corresponding author: Liu, Gang(pac@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 210-217

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to achieve accurate measurement of fertilizer mass flow, a mass flow measurement system based on microwave Doppler method with a method for suppressing vibration interference was proposed. The velocity and concentration of the fertilizer particles were obtained from the Doppler signal of the granular fertilize, which was processed by using the fast Fourier transform, and the product of the velocity and concentration was defined as the sensor output value. Then, a linear regression model of the sensor output value and fertilizer mass flow was established by using the least squares method. By analyzing the statistical law of the signal, the five times mean value of power spectral density was used as the threshold to distinguish interference and signal. The fertilizer mass flow was changed by changing the rotating velocity of the fertilizing shaft. For laboratory environment, the mass flow of two types of fertilizers was measured. The experimental results showed that for two types of fertilizers, the max measurement value of the system can reach 2 629.9 g/min, and the relative errors of the microwave method were not more than 5%. In addition, the measurement system was installed on the fertilizing machine. An experiment was carried out by using the third type of fertilizer on the cement road beside the farmland. The analysis showed that the interference caused by vibration made the relative errors of measurement larger. The maximum relative error reached 21.57%. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, the proposed vibration interference suppression method was used. After the interference suppression, the fertilizer mass flow measurement range was between 1 429.1 g/min and 2 976.9 g/min, and the relative error was not more than 10.04%. The constructed system can accurately detect the mass flow of different fertilizers in the laboratory and under fertilizing machine conditions. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Flow measurement

Controlled terms: Errors? - ?Fast Fourier transforms? - ?Fertilizers? - ?Flowmeters? - ?Least squares approximations? - ?Mass transfer? - ?Regression analysis? - ?Spectral density? - ?Vibration analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Accurate measurement? - ?Granular fertilizers? - ?Laboratory environment? - ?Least squares methods? - ?Linear regression models? - ?Mass flow measurement? - ?Maximum relative errors? - ?Measurement accuracy

Classification code: 641.3 Mass Transfer? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?921.3 Mathematical Transformations? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics? - ?943.1 Mechanical Instruments? - ?943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Flow_Rate 1.05e-02kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 1.63e-02kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 7.15e-03kg/s, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.16e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.024

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

41. Field Surface Point Cloud Registration Based on Contour Features of Rotating Curved Surface

Accession number: 20204809562534

Title of translation:

Authors: Dong, Naixi (1, 2); Chi, Ruijuan (1, 2); Du, Yuefeng (1, 2); Wen, Changkai (1, 2); Zhang, Zhen (1, 2)

Corresponding author: Chi, Ruijuan(chiruijuan@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 325-332 and 377

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Scene reconstruction can provide global information and local details for the autonomous operation of intelligent agricultural machinery. Aiming at the problem of poor feature description and insufficient point cloud registration accuracy caused by the lack of high-level structure of points, lines and planes on the surface of field, a solution based on point cloud registration method for farmland surface based on contour features of rotating surface was proposed. Firstly, the 32-line LiDAR was used to obtain real surface point cloud data of the field and complete pre-processing such as denoising and down-sampling; then, singular value decomposition of weighted linear covariance calculation matrix was used to determine the unique local reference coordinate system of key points, and the distance information of the intersection between the key points and the rotating surface section was calculated to generate the local feature descriptor of the surface point cloud; finally, a multi-level feature matching strategy based on the principle of single feature primary selection and local feature fine matching was used to perform local feature matching, and the rotation matrix and translation matrix were calculated to complete the point cloud registration. The analysis results showed that compared with other methods, the average accuracy of the contour feature of the rotating surface was increased by 7.5 percentage points, and the average recall rate was increased by 24.09 percentage points; compared with the nearest neighbor search, the multi-level feature matching strategy increased the average accuracy by 12.68 percentage points and the average recall rate by 18.38 percentage points; the point cloud registration method proposed had an average translation error of 23.59dr, an average translation error of 3.72°, and a registration success rate of 87.5%. Therefore, the proposed field surface point cloud registration method based on the contour feature of the rotating surface was suitable for the automatic registration of the real agricultural surface disorder point cloud. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Singular value decomposition

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Agriculture? - ?Covariance matrix? - ?Nearest neighbor search? - ?Surface measurement

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic registration? - ?Autonomous operations? - ?Distance information? - ?High-level structure? - ?Local feature descriptor? - ?Point cloud registration? - ?Scene reconstruction? - ?Translation matrices

Classification code: 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?921.5 Optimization Techniques? - ?943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.75e+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.038

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

42. Neural Network Adaptive Backstepping Control of Hybrid Mechanism Based on PSO

Accession number: 20204809562543

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhuang, Xiaobo (1); Li, Yaoming (1); Wang, Yao (2); Wei, Haifeng (2); Lu, Yanru (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) School of Electronics and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang; 212003, China

Corresponding author: Li, Yaoming(ymli@ujs.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 576-583

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the trajectory tracking control problem of the hybrid mechanism with mismatched disturbance, a control strategy combining extreme learning machine and adaptive backstepping control was proposed. Considering the hybrid mechanism containing the characteristics of drive motor, adaptive control with backstepping method was used to design the control strategy in stages. Based on the disturbance analysis, the conveying mechanism modeling error, friction, load and external random disturbance, and motor voltage disturbance were taken as matched disturbance and mismatched disturbance were two lumped disturbance terms. Since the mismatched disturbance cannot be eliminated directly by the feedback controller, two ELM networks were used to perform on-line approximation respectively, and perform feedforward compensation in the designed backstepping controller. According to the stability theory of Lyapunov function, the control rate and adaptive rate of the hybrid mechanism were designed. The simulation results showed that the method effectively eliminated the influence of mismatch disturbance in the system and realized the trajectory tracking control of the hybrid mechanism. In addition, because the neural network adaptive inversion controller of the hybrid mechanism contained many adjustable parameters such as inversion stabilization coefficients and adaptive parameters, the particle swarm algorithm was used to optimize and set the controller parameters. The system error, output error, controller output and rise time were used as the objective function construction conditions, and the optimal parameters of the controller were obtained through 150 iterations of optimization. Neural network adaptive backstepping controller without PSO-optimize and the PD controller were simulated as a comparison. The simulation results showed that the neural network adaptive backstepping controller of the hybrid mechanism based on PSO optimization had excellent tracking accuracy and system robustness. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Adaptive control systems

Controlled terms: Backstepping? - ?Controllers? - ?Errors? - ?Learning systems? - ?Lyapunov functions? - ?Navigation? - ?Neural networks? - ?Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

Uncontrolled terms: Adaptive backstepping control? - ?Backstepping controller? - ?Extreme learning machine? - ?Feed-forward compensation? - ?Mismatched disturbance? - ?Particle swarm algorithm? - ?Stabilization coefficient? - ?Trajectory tracking control

Classification code: 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?732.1 Control Equipment? - ?921 Mathematics

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.069

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

43. Design and Experiment of Planting Mechanism of Cauliflower Pot Seedling Transplanter

Accession number: 20204809562507

Title of translation:

Authors: Yu, Yingjie (1); Qin, Wei (1); Lai, Qinghui (1); Zhang, Haijun (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 102-112

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: According to the topographic characteristics of Yunnan hilly and mountainous areas and the working environment under sloping farmland conditions, a double-crank five-bar cauliflower pot seedling transplanter planting mechanism was designed. Through the analysis of the five-bar mechanism of the transplanter, the length of each member of the five-bar mechanism was determined, and the mass moment of each member that met the inertial force balance condition of the five-bar mechanism was obtained based on the linear independent vector method. Combining the image processing function of Matlab software to design a punch that matched the contour of the pot seedling. The RecurDyn and ANSYS simulation software was used, and the planting trajectory of the planting mechanism and the structural strength of the punch were analyzed. High-speed photography was used to verify the planting trajectory of the five-bar mechanism. According to the simulation results, the planting performance bench test of the planting mechanism was carried out. Taking the advancement speed of the bench, planting frequency and soil depth as experimental factors, a mathematical model of the planting qualification rate, the rate of exposed seedlings and the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was established. Response surface method was used to optimize, the best working combination was obtained as follows: the advancement speed of the platform was 0.4~0.54 m/s, the planting frequency was 50~68 plants/min, and when the soil depth was 10 cm, the planting qualification rate was greater than 90% and the seedling exposed rate was less than 5%, the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was less than 5%. Set the forward speed of the cauliflower pot seedling transplanter unit to 0.52 m/s, the planting frequency of cauliflower pot seedlings was 61 plants/min, and the penetration depth of the puncher was controlled at 10 cm. The filed test was carried out. The results showed that the cauliflower pot seedlings were planted. The qualified rate was 91.67%, the seedling exposed rate was 3.33%, and the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was 4.17%, which met the agronomic requirements for cauliflower pot seedling transplanting. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Seed

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery? - ?Bars (metal)? - ?High speed photography? - ?MATLAB

Uncontrolled terms: Coefficient of variation? - ?Experimental factors? - ?Hilly and mountainous areas? - ?Image processing functions? - ?Pot seedling transplanters? - ?Response surface method? - ?Seedling transplanting? - ?Working environment

Classification code: 535.1.2 Rolling Mill Practice? - ?742.1 Photography? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.33e+00%, Percentage 4.17e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.17e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Velocity 4.00e-01m/s to 5.40e-01m/s, Velocity 5.20e-01m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.012

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

44. Simulation Optimization and Experiment of Disc-type Grain Crushing Device of Silage Corn Harvester

Accession number: 20204809562517

Title of translation:

Authors: Mou, Xiaodong (1); Jiang, Huixin (2); Sun, Yancheng (1); Xu, Haigang (3); Yao, Yanchun (1); Geng, Duanyang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China; (2) Shandong Animal Husbandry Station, Ji’nan; 250022, China; (3) Shifeng Group Co., Ltd., Liaocheng; 252800, China

Corresponding author: Geng, Duanyang(dygxt@sdut.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 218-226

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of poor corn kernel crushing effect and low crushing rate of corn silage corn harvester, which affects the fermentation of silage straw and the conversion of kernel nutrients, combined with the disc-type kernel crushing technology which has the advantages of high working efficiency and good crushing quality, a dish-type silage corn kernel crushing test bench suitable for crushing silage corn kernels was developed. Parametric design of the key components of the cutter head, the movement and mechanical analysis of the grain crushing process were done based on the DEM method, firstly, the corn kernel bonding particle model was established based on the discrete element method. The EDEM discrete element simulation software was used to carry out the optimization simulation of the orthogonal experiment. The number of teeth, depth of blade, crushing gap and speed of the cutter roll were selected as the simulation test factors. The grain crushing rate was tested and investigated. The optimal combination parameter was determined: the number of teeth was 48, the depth of blade was 5 mm, the crushing gap was 2 mm, and the speed of the knife roll was 59 r/s. Under these conditions, the grain crushing rate was 90.35%, and the relative error between the simulation test and the bench test result was 3.36%. After the end of the bench test, the materials were screened with a Pennsylvania screen. The materials can be divided into four types: small, standard, large and incompletely crushed, with a ratio of 1.3:6:1.8:0.9, which was consistent with the simulation test results. The various indicators of the bench test met the industry standards, achieving high crushing of corn kernels and high working efficiency. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Grain (agricultural product)

Controlled terms: Computer software? - ?Crushers? - ?Crushing? - ?Efficiency? - ?Harvesters? - ?Testing

Uncontrolled terms: Discrete element simulation? - ?Industry standards? - ?Mechanical analysis? - ?Optimal combination? - ?Optimization-simulation? - ?Orthogonal experiment? - ?Simulation optimization? - ?Working efficiency

Classification code: 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?913.1 Production Engineering

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.36e+00%, Percentage 9.03e+01%, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 5.00e-03m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.025

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

45. Design and Verification of Test Bed for Testing Parameters of Wind Assisted Fertilization in Paddy Field

Accession number: 20204809562530

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Liwei (1, 2); Wu, Guangwei (1, 2); Fu, Weiqiang (1, 2); An, Xiaofei (1, 2); Meng, Zhijun (1, 2); Wang, Pei (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Research Center for Intelligent Agriculture Equipment, Beijing; 100097, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Pei(wangp@nercita.org.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 186-194

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In view of the field experiment of deep fertilization in paddy field affected by various factors such as short planting season and unstable operation performance, the traditional indoor soil tank could not carry out the experiment of deep fertilization in paddy field by air delivery, a test bench was designed independently to detect the parameters of deep fertilization and fertilizer discharge in paddy field by air delivery. The test bed was mainly composed of the mechanical part, the control part, the fertilization by wind and the software part. The automatic control technology, multi-sensor technology and hydraulic transmission technology were adopted comprehensively to simulate the working conditions of paddy fields, realize the real-time collection and display of wind pressure, wind speed and other parameters during the process of wind feeding and discharging fertilizer, and flexibly control the speed and turn off frequency of the fertilizer discharging wheel. The performance verification test showed that the traveling speed of the test bed can be adjusted within 0~1.62 m/s with an error of 1.5%. The fan provides air velocity of 0~30 m/s to meet the demand of air feeding and discharging fertilizer. The maximum coefficient of variation was 5.79%, which met the requirements of fertilization. Based on the test-bed, the results showed that the influencing factors of fertilizer uniformity, fertilizer amount variation coefficient were as follows: fertilizer wheel speed, trolley forward speed, wind speed. The test-bed can test the parameters of the side deep fertilizer in the laboratory environment. The research and development cycle of key components of side deep fertilization in paddy field was shortened. This study laid a foundation for the realization of intelligent control of side deep fertilization in paddy field. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Software testing

Controlled terms: Air? - ?Automation? - ?Equipment testing? - ?Fertilizers? - ?Speed? - ?Structural dynamics? - ?Wheels? - ?Wind effects

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic control technologies? - ?Coefficient of variation? - ?Laboratory environment? - ?Operation performance? - ?Performance verification? - ?Research and development? - ?Transmission technologies? - ?Variation coefficient

Classification code: 408 Structural Design? - ?443.1 Atmospheric Properties? - ?601.2 Machine Components? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 5.79e+00%, Velocity 0.00e+00m/s to 1.62e+00m/s, Velocity 0.00e+00m/s to 3.00e+01m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.021

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

46. Design and Experiment of Body Leveling System for Potato Combine Harvester

Accession number: 20204809562259

Title of translation:

Authors: Sun, Yongjia (1, 2); Zhou, Jun (1); Li, Xueqiang (3); Sun, Yitian (2); Zhang, Zhiqi (2); Chen, Gang (2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’nan; 250061, China; (2) Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Ji’nan; 250100, China; (3) Shandong Sidaier Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd., Dezhou; 253000, China

Corresponding author: Zhou, Jun(zhoujun@sdu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 298-306

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the body of potato combine harvester cannot self-adaptive balance with the change of terrain, which leads to low operation safety, big harvest damage and poor harvest quality, a body leveling system of potato combine harvester was designed.In this system, the inclination sensor of the first-order inertial filter was used to monitor the lateral inclination of potato combine harvester body, and the interference and jitter were effectively suppressed. The mathematical model of the system was established through the dynamic analysis of the body leveling system mechanism. The fuzzy PID algorithm based on the first-order inertia filter was used to control the electromagnetic proportional valve to drive the lifting hydraulic cylinder to realize the automatic leveling of the potato combine harvester body.The simulation results of the body leveling system showed that fuzzy PID algorithm had better control performance than traditional PID algorithm, which can effectively shorten the system regulation time by 51.77%, the rise time by 53.57% and reduce the maximum overshoot by 6.25%. The static and dynamic experiment results of the whole control system showed that in the range of -10°~10° slope, the automatic leveling time of the system was less than 4 s, and the maximum leveling error was less than 1°. Under the condition of 10° incline, the auto leveling time using the fuzzy PID control algorithm was reduced by about 50%. The static test results were consistent with the simulation results. When driving at 3.6 km/h speed on the road with great fluctuation, the error of vehicle body tilt angle was controlled within ±3°. Therefore, the automatic leveling control of potato combine harvester was well realized, which met the actual operation requirements. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Automobile bodies

Controlled terms: Fuzzy control? - ?Fuzzy filters? - ?Harvesters? - ?Proportional control systems? - ?Three term control systems

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic leveling? - ?Automatic leveling controls? - ?Control performance? - ?Fuzzy - pid controls? - ?Fuzzy PID algorithm? - ?Hydraulic cylinders? - ?Inclination sensors? - ?Proportional valves

Classification code: 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.18e+01%, Percentage 5.36e+01%, Percentage 6.25e+00%, Time 4.00e+00s, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.035

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

47. Prediction and Experiment on Steady Temperature Field of Combine Drive Belt

Accession number: 20204809562593

Title of translation:

Authors: Xu, Baoyan (1); Liu, Yehong (1); Wang, Yuan (1); Wang, Shumao (1); Wang, Xin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Xin(wangxin117@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 254-260

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Belt is the key transmission component of combine, which will lead to rubber aging, surface hardening and wear cracking due to temperature rise in the process of high strength operation. Focused on calculation of temperature field of belt, a prediction method of steady-state temperature field of transmission belt based on dynamic model and finite element simulation was proposed. Firstly, calculation model of temperature rise and heat source of transmission belt was established by setting physical parameters of the pulley, dynamic characteristic parameters of belt, friction and torsion parameters of tension mechanism, driving and load parameters in AVL Excite TD software. Secondly, finite element prediction model of two-dimensional steady-state temperature field was established by analyzing heat balance equation of belt, calculating heat flow distribution coefficient and heat transfer coefficient. Thirdly, belt working condition acquisition system was developed based on CAN bus of combine. Finally, steady temperature field of a certain V-belts of wheat harvester was studied. The experiment results showed that measured steady-state temperature was 42.55 and simulated steady-state temperature was 41.7 under the working conditions of average speed of driving wheel of 2 244 r/min and average load of driven wheel of 338 N?m. The steady-state error was 1.97%. Measured steady-state temperature was 45.95 and simulated steady-state temperature was 45.2 under the working conditions of average speed of driving wheel of 2 244 r/min and average load of driven wheel of 382 N?m. The steady-state error was 1.97%. Steady-state error of the two tests was less than 2%, which verified the feasibility and accuracy of the prediction method for the steady-state temperature field of the combine drive belt. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 24

Main heading: Belts

Controlled terms: Belt conveyors? - ?Belt drives? - ?Combines? - ?Dynamics? - ?Errors? - ?Finite element method? - ?Forecasting? - ?Heat transfer? - ?Predictive analytics? - ?Surface hardening ? - ?Temperature? - ?Transmissions? - ?Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Calculation of temperature? - ?Dynamic characteristics? - ?Finite element simulations? - ?Finite-element predictions? - ?Heat balance equations? - ?Steady-state temperature? - ?Steady-state temperature fields? - ?Transmission components

Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components? - ?602.1 Mechanical Drives? - ?602.2 Mechanical Transmissions? - ?641.1 Thermodynamics? - ?641.2 Heat Transfer? - ?692.1 Conveyors? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.97e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Rotational_Speed 2.24e+03RPM, Torque 3.38e+02N*m, Torque 3.82e+02N*m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.029

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

48. Optimal Simulation Design of Structure and Parameter in Heat Pump Drying Room

Accession number: 20204809562257

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Zhenwen (1, 2); Wu, Min (1); Xu, Xinmin (3); Zheng, Zhi’an (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing National Innovation Institute of Lightweight Ltd., Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Lushan Luyou Huangju Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lushan; 332804, China

Corresponding author: Wu, Min(minwu@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 464-475

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The problems of unstable product quality and low drying efficiency of a heat pump drying room used in the drying process of chrysanthemum were investigated and tested. With the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software, the numerical simulation of airflow distribution in the drying room was carried out, and the uniformity of velocity distribution was analyzed. The results showed that under the condition of no load, the airflow distribution in the drying room was better when the tilt angle of the guide plate was set at 15°. The airflow uniformity was better when the exhaust wind speed was 6 m/s. The comparison showed that the exhaust velocity had the greatest influence on the airflow in the drying room. Under loading conditions, when the exhaust velocity was 6 m/s, it can better adapt to the drying operation in the drying room. When the exhaust velocity was 6 m/s and the inclination angle of the guide plate was 15°, the combined air distribution can be more uniform. The CFD method was used to simulate the flow field inside the drying room, which enabled to know the specific distribution of the flow field inside the drying room intuitively and clearly, which had great advantages for the study of the distribution uniformity of the flow field in the drying room. Based on the results of numerical simulation, structural optimization and drying room renovation were carried out to reduce the cost of research and realize scientific and efficient technical application. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Drying

Controlled terms: Air? - ?Computational fluid dynamics? - ?Computer software? - ?Flow fields? - ?Heat pump systems? - ?Numerical models? - ?Plates (structural components)? - ?Structural optimization? - ?Velocity? - ?Velocity distribution ? - ?Wind

Uncontrolled terms: Airflow distribution? - ?Computational fluid dynamics simulations? - ?Distribution uniformity? - ?Drying efficiency? - ?Inclination angles? - ?Simulation Design? - ?Specific distribution? - ?Technical applications

Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes? - ?443.1 Atmospheric Properties? - ?616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components? - ?631.1 Fluid Flow, General? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?723.5 Computer Applications? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?921 Mathematics? - ?921.5 Optimization Techniques? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Velocity 6.00e+00m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.055

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

49. Calibration of Discrete Element Model Parameters of Forage Rape Stalk at Early Pod Stage

Accession number: 20204809562245

Title of translation:

Authors: Liao, Yitao (1, 2); Wang, Zaiteng (1); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2); Wan, Xingyu (1); Zhou, Yu (1); Liang, Fang (1, 2)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 236-243

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Existing development using virtual simulation technology for the fodder rape crop harvest technology and machine lacks accurate model parameters, highlighting a need for the calibration. Taking the rape crop stalk at the early pod stage as the object, the parameters calibration was carried out by using EDEM software. The basic attribute of the stem, including the repose angle, were measured. The results indicated that the average stalk diameter was 20.4 mm, the density was 809 kg/m3, and the average elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio were 115.73 MPa, 47.04 MPa and 0.23, respectively. Furthermore, the Hertz-Mindlin contact mode was employed to conduct a cylindrical lifting simulation test, in which the contact mode used different parameter sets according to the test design rule of two-level factor test, steepest climbing test, and response surface analysis. The results showed that the recovery coefficient of the collision of particles of crop stem, the recovery coefficient of the collision between steel and particles of crop stem and the rolling friction coefficient between steel and particles of crop stem had slight effect on the angle of repose, whose values were determined as 0.60, 0.60 and 0.10, respectively. The static friction coefficient of particles of crop stem, the coefficient of rolling friction of particles of crop stem, and the static friction coefficient between steel and particles of crop stem were identified as 0.36, 0.03, and 0.23, respectively. The error rate of the value of repose angle between the simulated by using EDEM with the calibrated parameters and the real measured value was 1.83%. The research provided the basic parameters for the simulation of the fodder rape crop mechanized harvest. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Crops

Controlled terms: Calibration? - ?Elastic moduli? - ?Stiction? - ?Surface analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Coefficient of rolling frictions? - ?Discrete element modeling? - ?Lifting simulation? - ?Parameters calibrations? - ?Recovery coefficients? - ?Response surface analysis? - ?Static friction coefficient? - ?Virtual simulations

Classification code: 821.4 Agricultural Products? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 8.09e+02kg/m3, Percentage 1.83e+00%, Pressure 1.16e+08Pa, Pressure 4.70e+07Pa, Size 2.04e-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.027

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

50. Predicting Method of Dairy Cow Weight Based on Three-dimensional Reconstruction

Accession number: 20204809562237

Title of translation:

Authors: Chu, Mengyuan (1); Liu, Gang (2); Si, Yongsheng (1); Feng, Fan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Si, Yongsheng(siyongsheng@foxmail.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 378-384

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to complement the missing point cloud and improve the selection of single-view mirror symmetry planes, and solve the problem of low parameter dimensions in the existing cow weight estimation model, a method of dairy cow weight estimation based on 3D reconstruction was proposed. Firstly, a cow depth video acquisition platform was built, and the cow’s top and side perspective data were collected by using the Kinect camera. After selecting the synchronized top and side view frames in the depth video, they were converted to point clouds, and the complex background was removed to extract the cow points cloud. Then it was proposed to use the side view point cloud of different frames to complete the missing part of the selected side view point cloud, and after registering the top view and side view point clouds, for the single view side view point cloud, a method was proposed to select the symmetry plane based on the position of the cow spine in the overlook point cloud, so the dual-view side-view point cloud was obtained, and the reconstruction of the point cloud on the surface of the cow was completed. Finally, point cloud surface reconstruction was carried out, and the volume and surface area of the surface model were used to establish a cow weight estimation model. The data of 29 cows were used to verify the model, and the results showed that the surface area of the cow’s curved model, the volume of the curved model, excluding the limbs and head, and body weight were significantly positively correlated. The absolute error of weight estimation was between -18.67 kg and 23.34 kg, the relative error was less than 3.40%, and the average relative error was 2.04%. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Three dimensional computer graphics

Controlled terms: Errors

Uncontrolled terms: 3D reconstruction? - ?Average relative error? - ?Complex background? - ?Mirror-symmetry plane? - ?Predicting method? - ?Surface modeling? - ?Three-dimensional reconstruction? - ?Weight estimation

Classification code: 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing

Numerical data indexing: Mass -1.87e+01kg to 2.33e+01kg, Percentage 2.04e+00%, Percentage 3.40e+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.045

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

51. Detection of Pedestrian and Agricultural Vehicles in Field Based on Improved YOLOv3-tiny

Accession number: 20204809562537

Title of translation: YOLOv3-tiny

Authors: Li, Wentao (1); Zhang, Yan (1); Mo, Jinqiu (1); Li, Yanming (1); Liu, Chengliang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; 200240, China

Corresponding author: Li, Yanming(ymli@sjtu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 1-8 and 33

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The real-time detection of pedestrian and agricultural vehicles is very important for the navigation and path planning of autonomous agricultural vehicles. In the field, obstacles are difficult to be detected due to crops occlusion and background interference. A real-time pedestrian and agricultural vehicles detection model in natural field scene was proposed, which effectively improved the feasibility of pedestrian and agricultural vehicles visual detection to embedded platform in the independent operation of agricultural machinery. This detection model was improved based on You only look once version 3 tiny (YOLOv3-tiny). A third prediction layer was got by merging the features of YOLOv3-tiny’s shallow layer and the features of second YOLO prediction layer, thus more smaller anchors resulted in the detection ability improvement of small targets. Both the squeeze and excitation attention module (SEAM) and the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) were applied in the key feature maps of the network, thus the model’s anti-background disturbance capability was increased. A data set included 9 405 images of pedestrian and agricultural vehicles with different shooting angles and natural field scenes was set, and 7 054 images were used for training while the remained 2 351 images were used for testing. Tests showed that the memory size of the improved model was reduced to 1/3 and 2/3 of that of the YOLOv3 and single shot multibox detector (SSD) models, the improved model’s mean average precision (mAP) was increased by 11 percentage points, and the small target recall (R) rate was increased by 14 percentage points while compared with that of YOLOv3-tiny. On the Jetson TX2 embedded hardware platform, the single frame detection time of the improved model was 122 ms, which can meet the requirements of real-time detection. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Pedestrian safety

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Agriculture? - ?Signal detection? - ?Statistical tests? - ?Vehicles

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural vehicles? - ?Autonomous agricultural vehicles? - ?Detection ability? - ?Embedded hardware? - ?Embedded platforms? - ?Navigation and path planning? - ?Percentage points? - ?Real-time detection

Classification code: 406.2 Roads and Streets? - ?716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Time 1.22e-01s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.001

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

52. Online Detection of Welding Quality for Screw Conveyor of Combine Harvester Based on Laser Scanning

Accession number: 20204809562369

Title of translation:

Authors: Gao, Ruiyao (1); Wang, Lili (1); Niu, Kang (1); Zhou, Liming (1); Zhao, Bo (1); Yuan, Yanwei (1)

Author affiliation: (1) The State Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant-Machine System Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Yuan, Yanwei(yyw215@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 292-297

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The lack of rapid and effective on-line detection means for combine screw conveyor leads to poor machining quality, which leads to material blockage, blade open welding, excessive wear between blade and shell. In order to solve the problem, an on-line rapid detection method based on laser ranging sensor was proposed, a multi-parameter synchronous online detection system for combine screw conveyor was developed, and a detection test bench was designed. Through the structural relationship and sensor layout, the detection of the radial runout of the spindle, the radial runout of the spiral blade and the pitch of the screw were transformed into the detection of the corresponding distance information, which realized the continuous and synchronous measurement of multi- parameters. The experiment showed that compared with the traditional manual measurement method, which needed to select multiple measurement positions according to experience and took 15~20 minutes for a single measurement, the system can realize continuous and synchronous measurement of key parameters, and the single measurement time was 1 minute. The maximum relative error of spindle radial runout was 3.661%, the relative error of spiral blade radial runout was 2.030%, and the standard deviation of pitch measurement was 2.07 mm, which met the detection requirements. Through the analysis and processing of the test data, the system realized the accurate positioning of machining error and 3D visualization display. According to the tolerance requirements, the screw conveyor was inspected and evaluated for compliance, and the over limit deformation was alarmed. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Parameter estimation

Controlled terms: Data visualization? - ?Errors? - ?Harvesters? - ?Screw conveyors? - ?Screws? - ?Three dimensional computer graphics? - ?Welding

Uncontrolled terms: Manual measurement methods? - ?Maximum relative errors? - ?Multiple measurements? - ?On-line detection system? - ?Standard deviation of pitches? - ?Structural relationship? - ?Synchronous measurements? - ?Tolerance requirement

Classification code: 538.2 Welding? - ?605 Small Tools and Hardware? - ?692.1 Conveyors? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.03e+00%, Percentage 3.66e+00%, Size 2.07e-03m, Time 6.00e+01s, Time 9.00e+02s to 1.20e+03s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.034

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

53. Design and Experiment of Infrared-hot Air Combined Dryer Based on Temperature and Humidity Control

Accession number: 20204809562247

Title of translation:

Authors: Wu, Min (1); Duan, Hao (1); Wang, Zhenwen (1); Li, Yang (1); Zheng, Zhian (1); Duan, Qiao (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Xi’an North Optoelectronic Technology Defense Co., Ltd., Xi’an; 710048, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 483-492

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to improve the problems of low drying efficiency and uneven drying in hot air drying technology, an infrared-hot air combined dryer was designed. The influence law of air distribution chamber on flow field distribution as the core component of dryer was analyzed. Based on the airflow control equation and the standard k-Ε turbulence model, the CFD software was used to conduct numerical simulation analysis on the air distribution chamber. The flow characteristics of the airflow in the airflow distribution chamber were obtained, and the cavity thickness H of the original physical model were optimized and tested. The calculation results showed that the speed deviation ratio (E) and the non-uniformity coefficient (M) can be significantly improved by the addition of the uniformly distributed air plate. The optimized model of airflow distribution chamber with the cavity thickness H=100 mm can solve the phenomenon well that the airflow distribution was non-uniformity. The E and M values of the air outlet were decreased from 44.9% and 30.2% to 7.2% and 7.0%, respectively. The results showed that the average speed error was 4.21%, and the relative error of M and E values was 1.4% and 1.48%, respectively. This showed the design was reasonable and the effect of uniform airflow was obvious. The performance of the device was tested with noodles. The results showed that the drying time of infrared-hot air combined dryer was 50 min, which was 16.7% shorter than that of hot air drying alone. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Infrared drying

Controlled terms: Computational fluid dynamics? - ?Computer software? - ?Humidity control? - ?Solar dryers? - ?Turbulence models

Uncontrolled terms: Airflow distribution? - ?Calculation results? - ?Drying efficiency? - ?Flow charac-teristics? - ?Non-uniformities? - ?Numerical simulation analysis? - ?Standard k epsilons? - ?Temperature and humidity control

Classification code: 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?723.5 Computer Applications

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.40e+00%, Percentage 1.48e+00%, Percentage 1.67e+01%, Percentage 3.02e+01% to 7.20e+00%, Percentage 4.21e+00%, Percentage 4.49e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Time 3.00e+03s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.057

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

54. Ensilage Performance and Subsequent Anaerobic Digestion of Giant Reed

Accession number: 20204809562233

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Shan (1, 2); Zhang, Zijia (1); Guo, Jianbin (1); Dong, Renjie (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Yantai Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai; 264670, China

Corresponding author: Dong, Renjie(rjdong@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 421-428 and 449

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Ensilage is a traditional technology for green fodder crops storage, which is gradually used in the storage of raw materials for biogas production. The energy crop of giant reed harvested at two different times was used as material for ensilage and conducted for a period of 90 days. Changes in chemical composition and subsequent methane production of ensiled giant reed by anaerobic digestion were examined. The results showed that the difference in water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of giant reed caused by harvest time was the main reason for the difference in performance of giant reed ensilage. The WSC content was 2.80% of dry matter (DM) for the giant reed of early harvest (end of August). There was no accumulation of lactic acid during ensilage of early-harvested giant reed, and also urea addition reduced the DM by 28.0% and significantly enhanced by 101.3% of lignin degradation during the whole ensilage. The WSC content achieved 4.94% DM for the giant reed of late harvest (early October), and the DM loss was about 1% during 90 days’ ensilage. The cumulative production of lactic acid was increased by 237.5%, and the lignin degradation was increased by 43.8% for late-harvested giant reed via urea-assisted ensilage. Compared with non-ensiled giant reed, the cumulative methane production of early-harvested and late-harvested giant reed via 90 days’ urea-assisted ensilage were increased by 25.6% and 17.4% during anaerobic digestion, respectively. Therefore, early harvest led to a low content of WSC and an undesirably ensilage, whereas urea-assisted treatment can effectively reduce the ensiled DM loss and improve the subsequent methane production of giant reed. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Anaerobic digestion

Controlled terms: Building materials? - ?Crops? - ?Harvesting? - ?Lactic acid? - ?Lignin? - ?Metabolism? - ?Methane? - ?Plants (botany)? - ?Urea

Uncontrolled terms: Biogas production? - ?Chemical compositions? - ?Cumulative production? - ?Energy crops? - ?Late harvest? - ?Lignin degradation? - ?Methane production? - ?Water-soluble carbohydrates

Classification code: 804.1 Organic Compounds? - ?811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Age 2.47e-01yr, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.01e+02%, Percentage 1.74e+01%, Percentage 2.38e+02%, Percentage 2.56e+01%, Percentage 2.80e+00%, Percentage 2.80e+01%, Percentage 4.38e+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.050

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

55. Drying Characteristics and Mathematical Model of Air-dried Chestnut by Combined Solar Energy and Heat Pump

Accession number: 20204809562520

Title of translation: -

Authors: Liu, Yingna (1); Bian, Yibo (1); Guo, Xuexia (2); Liu, Yu (2); Wang, Hai (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071000, China; (2) Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Hai(wanghai948@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 509-516

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to explore the drying characteristics of air-dried chestnut by combined solar energy and heat pump during the drying process, using fresh chestnut and under the conditions of different drying temperatures, airflow rates, loading capacities, the experiment on combined drying of solar energy and heat pump was carried out for air-dried chestnut to study the effects of different drying factors on drying rate and moisture content of dry basis. At the same time, six mathematical models were used to fit the relationship between moisture ratio and drying time in the drying process of air-dried chestnut, and the optimal model was determined. Besides, based on Fick’s second diffusion law, the effective moisture diffusion coefficient of air-dried chestnut under different drying conditions was determined. The results showed that the drying process of air-dried chestnut was controlled by adjusting stage and falling speed drying stage, and the main drying process was falling drying stage. The drying rate of air-dried chestnut was increased with the increase of temperature, the increase of airflow rate and the decrease of the loading capacity. During the drying process, the experimentally observed effective moisture diffusion coefficient values were increased from 3.001 24×10-10 m2/s to 1.147 53×10-9 m2/s with the increase of drying temperature and airflow rate, and the decrease of loading capacity. By fitting six mathematical models, the results of comparing the values of the correlation coefficient R2, sum of squares of residuals and the chi-square (χ2 ) showed that the Page model was the optimal model for describing air-dried chestnut by combined solar energy and heat pump, as well as the predicted value fitted well with experimental value obtained. The results would provide a technical basis for the application which was a combination of solar energy and heat pump in air-dried chestnut drying. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Loading

Controlled terms: Diffusion? - ?Drying? - ?Fruits? - ?Heat pump systems? - ?Moisture? - ?Pumps? - ?Solar energy

Uncontrolled terms: Correlation coefficient? - ?Drying characteristics? - ?Drying condition? - ?Drying temperature? - ?Experimental values? - ?Loading capacities? - ?Moisture diffusion coefficient? - ?Moisture ratios

Classification code: 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components? - ?618.2 Pumps? - ?657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena? - ?691.2 Materials Handling Methods? - ?821.4 Agricultural Products

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.060

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

56. Analysis on Operational Process of Self-excited Vibrating Subsoiler Based on DEM-MBD Coupling Algorithm

Accession number: 20204809562243

Title of translation: DEM-MBD

Authors: Yuan, Jun (1, 2); Yu, Jianqun (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China

Corresponding author: Yu, Jianqun(yujianqun@jlu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 17-24

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to increase the design efficiency of self-excited vibrating subsoiler, ensure the accuracy and reliability of design results, DEM-MBD coupling algorithm developed by Agri-DEM was employed, and the operational process of type 1S-300 self-excited vibrating subsoiler was simulated. Through MBD modules, a system dynamics model was established, including trolley-subsoiler-suspension-soil. Based on DEM modules, a discrete element model of soil with consideration on the adhesion of soil particles was established. The wet particle model was used, which was invented by the research team, as the contact mechanics model of soil particles, and the model parameter was identified by repeated tests. After disturbance analysis of soil, traction analysis of trolley and dynamic response analysis of subsoiling shovel, the outcome indicated that when the subsoiling shovel entered the soil, the soil above the shovel top was lifted, and the soil on both sides of the shovel edge was divided by cutting, the resistance range was from 363 N to 1 000 N, the change interval in the height direction of the subsoiler was from 0 mm to 181 mm, the spring load change interval was from 2 623 N to -2 231 N. If the torque of subsoiling shovel caused by soil particles was higher than that caused by a spring, the shovel would rotate anticlockwise by centering the hinge point. Simulation results directly reflected the cyclical change of tillage resistance, as well as the movement of soil particles. Furthermore, it explained the resistance reduction mechanism of self-excited vibrating subsoiler. To sum up, DEM-MBD coupling algorithm provided a new approach for the development of this model. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 20

Main heading: Soils

Controlled terms: Deformation? - ?Shovels

Uncontrolled terms: Contact Mechanics? - ?Coupling algorithms? - ?Discrete element modeling? - ?Disturbance analysis? - ?Dynamic response analysis? - ?Operational process? - ?Resistance reduction? - ?System dynamics model

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Force 2.31e+02N, Force 3.63e+02N to 1.00e+03N, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.81e-01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.003

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

57. Detection of Ammonia Nitrogen in Seawater in Aquaculture Based on Microfluidics and Colorimetric Spectroscopy

Accession number: 20204809562235

Title of translation:

Authors: Shi, Jiahui (1, 2); Yu, Yaguang (1, 2); Yang, Pu (1, 2); Dong, Feng (1, 2); Sun, Ming (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) China National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Sun, Ming(sunming@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 397-404

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To obtain real-time and accurate ammonia nitrogen content in aquaculture seawater, taking ammonia nitrogen as the research object, the colorimetric reaction of indophenol blue method was carried out on the basis of colorimetric spectroscopy combined with microfluidic technology to realize the quantitative detection of ammonia nitrogen in solution. After processing the data, a corresponding model was established and the effects of different spectral preprocessing and different sample set partitioning algorithms on the establishment of the detection model were compared, in which after the multiplication scatter correction, the partial least squares (PLS) regression model established by the wavelet smoothing preprocessing method combined with the sorting method to divide the sample set had the best effect. The root mean standard error of calibration (RMSEC) and the root mean standard error of prediction (RMSEP) were respectively 0.056 6 mg/L and 0.067 7 mg/L, the relative analytical error (RPD) was 6.893 2; the linear range and detection limit of the method measured under optimized conditions were 0.005~1.350 mg/L and 0.003 6 mg/L, respectively. The standard recovery experiment was carried out on seawater, tap water and acquaculture water bodies. The average recovery rate was between 94% and 109%, and the relative standard deviation was between 2.3% and 5.8%. The results showed that the experimental modeling effect was good, the operation was simple and convenient, and the experiment was fast, reliable, and pollution-free. It showed that the method of detecting ammonia nitrogen using colorimetric spectroscopy combined with microfluidic technology was feasible. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Microfluidics

Controlled terms: Ammonia? - ?Aquaculture? - ?Color? - ?Colorimetry? - ?Data handling? - ?Errors? - ?Least squares approximations? - ?Nitrogen? - ?Regression analysis? - ?Seawater

Uncontrolled terms: Colorimetric reaction? - ?Microfluidic technologies? - ?Partial least-squares regression? - ?Quantitative detection? - ?Relative standard deviations? - ?Spectral preprocessing? - ?Standard error of calibrations? - ?Standard error of prediction

Classification code: 471.4 Seawater, Tides and Waves? - ?632.5.1 Microfluidics? - ?723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing? - ?741.1 Light/Optics? - ?804 Chemical Products Generally? - ?804.2 Inorganic Compounds? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods? - ?922.2 Mathematical Statistics? - ?941.4 Optical Variables Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 5.00e-06kg/m3 to 1.35e-03kg/m3, Percentage 2.30e+00% to 5.80e+00%, Percentage 9.40e+01% to 1.09e+02%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.047

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

58. Three Dimensional Path Planning Method for Navigation of Farmland Leveling Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm

Accession number: 20204809562526

Title of translation:

Authors: Jing, Yunpeng (1, 2); Jin, Zhikun (1, 2); Liu, Gang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Liu, Gang(pac@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 333-339

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of land grader in unmanned operation lacks local planning to realize on-line adjustment of leveling path, a three dimensional path planning method for automatic navigation of farmland leveling based on improved ant colony algorithm was proposed for the purpose of reasonable loading and unloading of earthwork and the shortest path in land leveling operation. Based on the three dimensional terrain model of farmland, the improved ant colony algorithm was used for three dimensional path planning. A new path search node was established based on the decision direction of earthwork transportation in leveling operation. The pheromone updating rules and heuristic functions of land leveling were set up by comparing the earthwork carried by the leveling shovel and the excavation and filling volume required by grid calculation, and then the optimal three dimensional path for earthwork transportation was obtained. The path was smoothed and optimized according to the steering constraints of land leveler, which was based on the kinematical model of the land leveler. And the effect evaluation standard of three dimensional path planning was established. The simulation results showed that compared with the original ant colony algorithm, the path planning effect of this method was improved by more than 33.3%, which could better guide the land leveler to realize the local leveling task. Moreover, this method shortened the path generation time and path length, making the path smoother, and was more suitable for automatic navigation of farmland leveling. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Three dimensional computer graphics

Controlled terms: Ant colony optimization? - ?Excavation? - ?Farms? - ?Foundations? - ?Heuristic algorithms? - ?Navigation? - ?Unloading

Uncontrolled terms: Ant colony algorithms? - ?Automatic navigation? - ?Heuristic functions? - ?Improved ant colony algorithm? - ?Loading and unloading? - ?On-line adjustment? - ?Path planning method? - ?Three dimensional terrain

Classification code: 483.2 Foundations? - ?691.2 Materials Handling Methods? - ?723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications? - ?821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control? - ?921.5 Optimization Techniques

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.33e+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.039

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

59. Recognition Approach Based on Data-balanced Faster R-CNN for Winter Jujube with Different Levels of Maturity

Accession number: 20204809562240

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Tiewei (1); Zhao, Yao (1); Sun, Yuxin (2); Yang, Ranbing (1); Han, Zhongzhi (3); Li, Juan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China; (2) Jiaozhou No.1 Middle School of Shandong Province, Qingdao; 266300, China; (3) School of Science and Information Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China

Corresponding author: Li, Juan(jdgcxy602@sina.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 457-463 and 492

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Winter jujube has the characteristics of thin peel and crisp flesh, and winter jujube can only be picked by hand at present, so it is urgent to solve the problem of automatic and intelligent picking of winter jujube. Whereas, the recognition of winter jujube is the premise and foundation to solve this problem. In order to solve the problem of low recognition rate caused by the large number difference of samples with different levels of maturity, this paper proposes a recognition approach based on data-balanced Faster R-CNN for winter jujube. For the winter jujube with different levels of maturity in natural environment, this paper researches the Faster R-CNN recognition approach with data balance from different angles, and then the proposed method is compared with the recognition approach based on YOLOv3. The results show that: the proposed data-balanced Faster R-CNN method enhances the generalization effect of the model in the case of insufficient samples and unbalanced categories; the average recognition accuracy of the proposed approach is 98.50% which is higher than YOLOv3, and the total loss is less than 0.5. What’s more, the feature extraction of the foreground image is not obvious because the distance is far between the lens and the foreground image, which will reduce the recognition accuracy of the overall data set. This research has certain practical significance and application value for solving the recognition problem of automatic and intelligent picking winter jujube. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Convolutional neural networks

Uncontrolled terms: Data set? - ?Foreground images? - ?Natural environments? - ?Paper research? - ?Recognition accuracy? - ?Total loss? - ?Winter jujube

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.85e+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.054

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

60. Parameter Calibration and Experiment of Rice Seeds Discrete Element Model with Different Filling Particle Radius

Accession number: 20204809562523

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Rongfang (1); Jiao, Wei (1); Zhou, Jilei (1); Qi, Bing (2); Liu, Hu (1); Xia, Qianqian (2)

Corresponding author: Qi, Bing(qb0823521@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 227-235

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The coupled simulation of gas-solid two-phase flow was widely used in the study of the working process of pneumatic seed metering devices, the seed model was mostly modeled by particle aggregation formed through particle aggregation without overlapping. The simulation seed model would be closer to the real shape of the seed with smaller radius and larger number of filled spherical particles by this method. But the simulation computing resources would be overconsumed and the simulation time would be increased as the method was used. The rice seeds were taken as research object in order to study the effect of rice seed models with different filling sphere radii on the dynamic response characteristics between particles and find the optimal number of filled balls for the seed model. The bonding aggregation model of rice particles for gas-solid coupling was formed by filling with spherical particles of different radii (0.30 mm, 0.21 mm, 0.18 mm, 0.16 mm and 0.15 mm) after the shape of the seed was got with the aid of 3D scanning and inverse fitting method. The static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient of seed model filled with balls of different radii were calibrated by lifting with bottomless cylinder, sliding accumulation between real test and simulation, using the curve surface correspondence method and the index was the angle of repose. The results showed that the simulation time and simulation accuracy were the best when the filled particle radius was 0.21 mm verified by the gas-solid two-phase flow coupling simulation test of the rice seed metering device with positive pressure as the indicator was seed filling rate. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 23

Main heading: Agglomeration

Controlled terms: Filling? - ?Inverse problems? - ?Pneumatic materials handling equipment? - ?Spheres? - ?Stiction? - ?Two phase flow

Uncontrolled terms: Discrete element modeling? - ?Dynamic friction coefficient? - ?Dynamic response characteristics? - ?Gas solid two phase flow? - ?Parameter calibration? - ?Seed metering devices? - ?Simulation computing? - ?Static friction coefficient

Classification code: 631.1 Fluid Flow, General? - ?691.1 Materials Handling Equipment? - ?691.2 Materials Handling Methods? - ?802.3 Chemical Operations

Numerical data indexing: Size 1.50e-04m, Size 1.60e-04m, Size 1.80e-04m, Size 2.10e-04m, Size 3.00e-04m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.026

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

61. Prediction Model of Double Axis Rotary Power Consumption Based on Discrete Element Method

Accession number: 20204809562248

Title of translation:

Authors: Hu, Jianping (1); Zhao, Jun (1); Pan, Haoran (1); Liu, Wei (1); Zhao, Xingsheng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 9-16

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In view of the high power consumption of the double axis rotary cultivator, it is difficult to carry out research on drag reduction and consumption reduction only by the method of field trials because of the complex structural parameters and the high manufacturing cost of the equipment. Based on the discrete element method, a biaxial rotary tillage-straw-soil tillage model was constructed, the influence of biaxial configuration parameters on power consumption was studied, and a mathematical prediction model for power consumption through response surface test analysis was established. The optimization results of the model showed that the gyration radius of the front and rear tool shafts was 195 mm, the vertical distance of the rear shaft relative to the front shaft was 99.8 mm, the horizontal distance of the front and rear shaft gyration circle was 100.6 mm, and the minimum power consumption obtained was 9.018 kW. In order to verify the accuracy of the power consumption model, under fixed operating parameters, a full-scale simulation test and a field test were carried out. The test results showed that the field test power consumption of the real original scale rotary cultivator and the simulation value of the whole machine were 9.5%, and the range was 5.8%~13.4%. Combined with the response surface analysis, it was showed that the mathematical prediction model of power consumption was more accurate, indicating that the error of rotary cultivator model was small during the scaling process, and the model can accurately reflect the influence of the dual-axis configuration parameters on the power consumption of the double axis rotary tiller in the rice stubble field. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 20

Main heading: Predictive analytics

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery? - ?Cultivation? - ?Electric power supplies to apparatus? - ?Electric power utilization? - ?Forecasting? - ?Industrial research? - ?Manufacture? - ?Surface analysis? - ?Surface properties

Uncontrolled terms: Configuration parameters? - ?Consumption reductions? - ?Full scale simulation? - ?High power consumption? - ?Mathematical prediction models? - ?Operating parameters? - ?Power consumption model? - ?Response surface analysis

Classification code: 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes? - ?706.1 Electric Power Systems? - ?821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment? - ?821.3 Agricultural Methods? - ?901.3 Engineering Research? - ?951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.50e+00%, Power 9.02e+03W, Size 1.01e-01m, Size 1.95e-01m, Size 9.98e-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.002

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

62. Recognition Method of Large White Sow Oestrus Behavior Based on Convolutional Neural Network

Accession number: 20204809562506

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhuang, Yanrong (1, 2); Yu, Jionghua (1, 2); Teng, Guanghui (1, 2); Cao, Mengbing (1, 2)

Corresponding author: Teng, Guanghui(futong@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 364-370

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Timely monitoring of sow oestrus is very important in sow breeding. Recently, recognition methods of sow oestrus are low sensitivity, wasting time and usually affected by environment. To resolve these problems, based on ear erect behavior of large white pigs during estrus, a method of large white sow’s oestrus behavior recognition based on convolutional neural network (CNN) was proposed. A model based on AlexNet convolutional neural network, named AlexNet_Sow was firstly developed. Then, AlexNet_Sow model was simplified to get a new model named AlexNet_Sow_Simplified, which contained two convolution modules and two fully connected modules. The activation function of AlexNet_Sow_Simplified was rectified linear units (ReLU), adaptive moment estimation (Adam) was used to optimize gradient descent, and softmax was used to be the classifier of our model. Ear images of oestrus and non-oestrus large white sows were collected and divided into training data (80%) and testing data (20%). The model was trained by using data augmentation method, the accuracy of testing data was 99%. In addition, it was found that when sows’ ears were erect for 76 s during teasing, it could be judged as the symbol of oestrus. In order to verify this method, LabVIEW Python nodes were used to intergrate the AlexNet_Sow_Simplified model and set a time threshold of 76 s and verified a set of new photos. The result showed that the precision rate, recall rate and accuracy rate of this method to recognize sow oestrus were 100%, 83.33%, and 93.33%, respectively. The average detecting time of a single image was 26.28 ms. It proved that this method could achieve non-contact, automatic, and fast detecting of oestrus in large white sows with high accuracy, which could greatly help to reduce sows’ stress and the labor cost. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 47

Main heading: Convolutional neural networks

Controlled terms: Behavioral research? - ?Convolution? - ?Gradient methods? - ?Mammals? - ?Wages

Uncontrolled terms: Activation functions? - ?Behavior recognition? - ?Data augmentation? - ?Gradient descent? - ?Moment estimation? - ?Precision rates? - ?Recognition methods? - ?Time thresholds

Classification code: 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?912.4 Personnel? - ?921.6 Numerical Methods? - ?971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.33e+01%, Percentage 9.33e+01%, Percentage 9.90e+01%, Time 2.63e-02s, Time 7.60e+01s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.043

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

63. Machine Vision Based Detection Method of Carrot External Defects

Accession number: 20204809562241

Title of translation:

Authors: Xie, Weijun (1); Wei, Shuo (1); Wang, Fenghe (1); Yang, Guangzhao (1); Ding, Xin (1); Yang, Deyong (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Deyong(ydy@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 450-456

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In the process of growth, harvest and transportation of carrots, it is inevitable that carrots appear some external defects. The elimination of defect carrots is an important link before carrot marketing. However, carrots mainly rely on manual grading nowadays, which has the inherent disadvantages of unstable grading standards, high labor consumption and high cost. In order to detect defective carrots quickly, accurately, and non-destructively, machine vision technology was introduced into carrot grading process to improve the classification accuracy and efficiency. Carrot external defects included green shoulder, bending, broken, furcation, and cracking. Different detection algorithms were proposed for different defects, since the different defects had different characteristics. The detection of green shoulder was realized by color difference between normal area and green shoulder area. In the HSV color space of carrot image, the threshold values of H, S, and V in region of green shoulder were determined by statistical method. Moreover, the recognition of bending, broken, and furcation were based on the shape difference between normal and defect carrots. The algorithm of convex hull, Hu moment invariants, and Harris corner detection methods were used to identify bending, broken, and furcation respectively. Furthermore, the detection of cracking was recognized by the difference texture of carrot. Sobel and Canny edge detection algorithm combined with morphologic operator to extract cracking region of carrot. The experimental results showed that the recognition accuracy of green shoulder, bending, broken, furcation, and cracking were 100%, 91.14%, 90.57%, 94.57%, and 95.45% respectively, and the overall recognition rate was 94.91%. The proposed defect recognition algorithm of carrot can provide algorithm reference for subsequent defect carrot online detection. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Edge detection

Controlled terms: Color? - ?Colorimetry? - ?Computer vision? - ?Crack detection? - ?Grading? - ?Signal detection? - ?Textures

Uncontrolled terms: Canny edge detection? - ?Classification accuracy and efficiency? - ?Detection algorithm? - ?Harris corner detection? - ?HU moment invariants? - ?Machine vision technologies? - ?Morphologic operators? - ?Recognition accuracy

Classification code: 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?741.1 Light/Optics? - ?741.2 Vision? - ?941.4 Optical Variables Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.06e+01%, Percentage 9.11e+01%, Percentage 9.46e+01%, Percentage 9.49e+01%, Percentage 9.55e+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.053

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

64. Automatic Sow Nursing Behaviour Recognition Based on Spatio-temporal Information Fusion

Accession number: 20204809562539

Title of translation:

Authors: Gan, Haiming (1, 2); Xue, Yueju (1, 2); Li, Shimei (1); Yang, Xiaofan (1); Chen, Changxin (1); Ou, Mingqiang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou; 510642, China

Corresponding author: Xue, Yueju(xueyueju@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 357-363

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Timely and accurate information on sow nursing behaviour in intensive pig industry is beneficial to efficient reproductive performance. The purpose was to establish deep-learning networks to recognize sow nursing behaviour automatically. The recognition was performed at two stages: nursing zone localization in temporal and spatial domain and nursing behaviour recognition using spatio-temporal information extraction and fusion. Firstly, video image sequences were input into Mask R-CNN, whose backbone ResNet-101+FPN generated feature maps and the feature maps were used to produce a set of regions of proposal that were fed into classification head and keypoints head, respectively. The classification head performed sow posture classification and sow detection and keypoint head detection of keypoints related to sow nursing zone extraction. If sow was classified as laterally lying, the keypoint detection results would remain or be filtered out. A sequence of extracted nursing zones were passed into following subnetwork. A self-adaptive nursing zone extraction method was proposed, according to the piglet’s postpartum day and video recording height. Afterwards, within the spatio-temporal region of interest, spatio-temporal features were extracted by the temporal stream and spatial stream of the two-stream convolutional network, respectively. Convolutional features from the two streams were fused with combination of concatenation and convolution for final nursing recognition. Test results showed that the total keypoint detection recall Rk and precision Pk were 94.37% and 94.53%, respectively. Sow nursing behavior in long videos were recognized with an accuracy of 97.85%, a sensitivity of 94.92% and a specificity of 98.51%, which demonstrated the feasibility of automatic recognition of sow nursing behavior with computer vision. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Behavioral research

Controlled terms: Convolution? - ?Convolutional neural networks? - ?Deep learning? - ?Image segmentation? - ?Mammals? - ?Nursing? - ?Video recording

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic recognition? - ?Behaviour recognition? - ?Convolutional networks? - ?Posture classification? - ?Reproductive performance? - ?Spatio temporal features? - ?Spatiotemporal information? - ?Video image sequences

Classification code: 461.7 Health Care? - ?716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing? - ?716.4 Television Systems and Equipment? - ?971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.44e+01%, Percentage 9.45e+01%, Percentage 9.49e+01%, Percentage 9.78e+01%, Percentage 9.85e+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.042

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

65. FDSST Detection Method for Pig Ear Base Surface Temperature Based on Skeleton Scanning Strategy

Accession number: 20204809562260

Title of translation: FDSST

Authors: Ma, Li (1); Zhang, Xudong (2); Xing, Zizheng (2); Feng, Yankun (2); Liu, Gang (2); Liu, Yuanjie (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Liu, Gang(pac@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 371-377

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To realize the automatic detection of pig ear-based surface temperature and reduce the error caused by fast discriminative scale space tracking (FDSST) in the head tracking in the thermal infrared video, an improved detection method of pig ear-based surface temperature by using the skeleton scanning strategy was proposed. Firstly, the initial frame of the video was preprocessed to extract the simplified pig skeleton. Secondly, the skeleton scanning strategy was designed to scan the key points of the head skeleton and realize the head positioning in the initial frame. Thirdly, FDSST was used to track the hog head. After each continuous tracking of N frames, skeleton scanning strategy was adopted to reposition the head and reduce the tracking frame drift. Finally, a method for extracting the surface temperature of the ear base was proposed. According to the temperature distribution of the left and right ear sides of the head, the temperature of the ear base was extracted and the error was corrected. The method was tested on the Matlab platform by using the collected videos of 30 pigs. Compared with FDSST, compressed sensing tracking and nuclear correlation filtering tracking, the average tracking accuracy of the proposed method was improved by 7.82 percentage points, 11.82 percentage points and 8.78 percentage points, respectively. The maximum error of the extracted ear base surface temperature was 0.32. This study can provide technical support for automatic detection of pig ear base surface temperature. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Mammals

Controlled terms: Atmospheric temperature? - ?Errors? - ?Musculoskeletal system? - ?Scanning? - ?Surface properties

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic Detection? - ?Continuous tracking? - ?Correlation filtering? - ?Scanning strategies? - ?Surface temperatures? - ?Technical support? - ?Thermal infrared videos? - ?Tracking accuracy

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties? - ?461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics? - ?951 Materials Science

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.044

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

66. Accurate Evaluation System for Wheat Topdressing Based on Ultrasonic Sensor

Accession number: 20204809562258

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Xiuhua (1); Yan, Sen (1, 2); Gao, Nana (2, 3); An, Xiaofei (2, 3); Wu, Guangwei (2, 3); Meng, Zhijun (2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning; 530004, China; (2) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Beijing Research Center for Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China

Corresponding author: Gao, Nana(gaonn@nercita.org.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 203-209

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of damage to wheat seedlings caused by furrow cutters and failure to evaluate the accuracy of topdressing position in the process of wheat top dressing operation, a precise evaluation system of wheat topdressing based on ultrasonic sensor was studied to evaluate the accuracy of topdressing machine in real time. The system was composed of a work trajectory detection part, a data collection part, and a data analysis and evaluation part. The ultrasonic sensors were installed on topdressing machines to scan the wheat line and detect the operation track of the topdressing machines. The collected data were sent to the controller from each ultrasonic sensor by CAN bus in real time to keep tracking topdressing machine operation. The abnormal data were filtered out and eliminated threshold filter algorithm. The optimally current voltage was estimated by the Kalman filter algorithm. The offset distance of the fertilizing machine and the accuracy of the topdressing machine were calculated according to the difference between the target voltage and the optimal estimated voltage. Field experiment showed that the offset misjudgment rate was 9%, the maximum error distance was 3.15 cm, the error distance during 2 cm accounted for more than 90%, and the average standard deviation was 2.10 cm, which was consistent with the actual operating conditions. In conclusion, the evaluation system provided a new means of measurement for evaluating the accuracy of wheat topdressing. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Ultrasonic applications

Controlled terms: Kalman filters? - ?Ultrasonic sensors

Uncontrolled terms: Analysis and evaluation? - ?Field experiment? - ?Kalman filter algorithms? - ?Machine operation? - ?Offset distances? - ?Operating condition? - ?Standard deviation? - ?Threshold filter

Classification code: 753.2 Ultrasonic Devices? - ?753.3 Ultrasonic Applications

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.00e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 2.10e-02m, Size 3.15e-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.023

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

67. Energy Harvesting Module Design for Flywheel-based Tractor Anti-rollover System

Accession number: 20204809562252

Title of translation:

Authors: Qin, Jiahao (1, 2); Song, Zhansheng (1, 2); Liu, Haifan (1, 2); He, Zhizhu (1, 2); Li, Zhen (1, 2); Zhu, Zhongxiang (1, 2)

Corresponding author: Li, Zhen(zhenli@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 564-567 and 575

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Tractor rollover is one of the most serious safety problems in the process of agricultural mechanization, which has not yet been essentially solved by current technical means. In previous study, an external flywheel-based stability control system was designed to realize attitude stabilization of an unstable tractor, basing on the principle that an accelerating flywheel can generate a reverse torque. To avoid energy waste during the unloading process of the decelerating flywheel after active attitude control, an energy harvesting circuit was proposed and tested on the 1:16 scaled model test platform. The testing results showed that the energy harvesting system effectively worked when the roll angle of the tractor was reduced to 10°. Correspondingly, the peak value of the harvesting voltage rised to 0.97 V (H-B trajectory) when the model tractor traveled at 0.2 m/s on the G-class and H-class roads. Similarly, the voltage responded to decrease to zero as the flywheel decelerated after the active attitude control of the tractor was accomplished. In all the tests, the system proved the ability of harvesting electric energy, which improved the energy utilization efficiency of the tractor attitude control system. The approach and the results of this work may help theoretical fundamentals for optimization of the energy efficiency in a flywheel-based tractor active stability control system. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Control system stability

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots? - ?Attitude control? - ?Control systems? - ?Energy efficiency? - ?Energy harvesting? - ?Energy utilization? - ?Flywheels? - ?Stabilization? - ?Tractors (agricultural)? - ?Tractors (truck) ? - ?Unloading? - ?Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural mechanization? - ?Attitude stabilization? - ?Electric energies? - ?Energy harvesting systems? - ?Energy utilization efficiency? - ?Scaled model tests? - ?Stability control systems? - ?Unloading process

Classification code: 525 Energy Management and Conversion? - ?601.1 Mechanical Devices? - ?601.2 Machine Components? - ?663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles? - ?691.2 Materials Handling Methods? - ?731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications

Numerical data indexing: Velocity 2.00e-01m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.067

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

68. Potato Production Technology and Difference of Mechanization Level in Northwest China

Accession number: 20204809562440

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Tao (1, 2); Yang, Minli (1, 2); Zhang, Xiong (3); Zhang, Engui (3); Cheng, Xingtian (3); Wang, Xiaolin (4)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) China Research Center for Agricultural Mechanization Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Gansu Agricultural Machinery Application Research Institute, Lanzhou; 730046, China; (4) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Minli(qyang@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 307-313

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The potato planting areas are widely distributed, and the basic conditions of natural resources, planting scale, industrialization basis and industrial comparative advantage are different. To study the present situation of potato mechanization production in Northwest China comprehensively, the typical whole mechanized production process of potato in those regions were summarized through the method of field investigation and questionnaire, which included seed potato treatment and field mechanization. The field mechanization operation technology consisted of ploughing or deep loosening, land preparation, fertilization, ridging, film mulching, planting, soil cultivation, weeding, plant protection, killing seedling, harvesting, and film recycling. At the same time, the evaluation indexes of each operation link were listed with reference to relevant standards or technical specifications. It could provide a reference for grasping and evaluating the potato mechanized production technology systematically. Besides, the differences between the mechanization levels of potatoes in Northwest China were studied by using nested ANOVA method and paired comparison test to analyze the mechanization levels in 2008-2018. The results showed that the overall nested ANOVA model(P ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Machinery

Controlled terms: Analysis of variance (ANOVA)? - ?Film preparation? - ?Mechanization

Uncontrolled terms: Actual conditions? - ?Comparative advantage? - ?Field investigation? - ?Paired comparison? - ?Present situation? - ?Production process? - ?Production technology? - ?Technical specifications

Classification code: 601 Mechanical Design? - ?922 Statistical Methods

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.036

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

69. Design of Adaptive Fuzzy Damping Control for Stay Cable-magnetorheological System with Supervisory Function

Accession number: 20204809562256

Title of translation: -MR

Authors: He, Xiaolong (1); Duan, Yuhe (1, 2); Zhang, Gang (1); Chen, Yuehua (1); Feng, Zhimin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China; (2) No.58 Research Institute, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Wuxi; 214072, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Gang(zhanggang@nbu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 592-602

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: A design method of adaptive fuzzy damping controller for stay cable-magnetorheological system with supervision function was proposed on fuzzy estimation and observation theory, which took the vibration reduction of stay cables as the application object to solve the practical engineering problems in magnetorheological damping control, such as difficult to determine boundary conditions, unknown external excitation, modeling and structural errors in the system. In the controller design, the fuzzy estimation and adaptive compensator strategies were used to reduce the influence of unknown excitation mutation, parameters and modeling estimation errors on the damping control performance, and the supervisory control method was introduced to supervise the vibration reduction control performance. The control accuracy of the damping control system was improved. Based on the Lyapunov method, it was proved that the state of the stay cable-magnetorheological damper system was bounded and asymptotically stable, and the stay cable converged with small vibration velocity and small amplitude. Finally, the simulation verification was carried out by taking the stay cable C20 of Ningbo Zhaobaoshan cable-stayed bridge as an example, and the simulation results showed that the method was robust to unknown external excitation disturbance and uncertain system structure, and the damping effect was outstanding. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Adaptive control systems

Controlled terms: Cable stayed bridges? - ?Cables? - ?Control theory? - ?Controllers? - ?Damping? - ?Design? - ?Fuzzy control? - ?Lyapunov methods

Uncontrolled terms: Application objects? - ?Asymptotically stable? - ?External excitation? - ?Magneto-rheological dampers? - ?Magnetorheological damping? - ?Practical engineering problems? - ?Simulation verification? - ?Vibration reductions

Classification code: 401.1 Bridges? - ?731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications? - ?731.1 Control Systems? - ?732.1 Control Equipment? - ?931.1 Mechanics? - ?961 Systems Science

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.071

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

70. Structure Design and Experiment of Three Finger Flexible Pneumatic Gripper

Accession number: 20204809562518

Title of translation:

Authors: Pi, Jie (1); Liu, Jun (1); Xu, Lei (1); Yan, Ni’na (1); Zhou, Kehong (2); Qian, Mingyan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Corresponding author: Liu, Jun(nkyliu@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 93-101

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the fruit skin is fragile and not suitable to be grasped by traditional rigid gripper, based on the structural characteristics of octopus tentacle, combined with bionics principle and additive manufacturing technology, a kind of pneumatic flexible gripper with simple structure and adaptability, which was composed of three flexible fingers and fixed components, was designed and manufactured. ANSYS was used to simulate and test the bending of flexible fingers under different pressures. It was found that the flexible fingers could have large bending deformation under low pressure. The maximum bending angle was 22.4° and the maximum pressure was 2.38 N when the air pressure was 100 kPa. In order to test the gripping ability of the flexible gripper, a special test device was designed to study the clamping performance of the flexible gripper. The results showed that there was a good linear relationship between the grasping force of the flexible gripper and the input air pressure. Under the pressure of 100 kPa, the maximum grasping force was 5.53 N, and the actual load of the flexible gripper was 564 g. The maximum gripping diameter of the flexible claw can reach 100 mm. The effect was good and reached the design target. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Grippers

Controlled terms: 3D printers? - ?Atmospheric pressure? - ?Bending (deformation)? - ?Pneumatics

Uncontrolled terms: Additive manufacturing technology? - ?Bionics principles? - ?Different pressures? - ?Linear relationships? - ?Pneumatic grippers? - ?Simple structures? - ?Special test devices? - ?Structural characteristics

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties? - ?632.3 Pneumatics? - ?731.5 Robotics? - ?745.1.1 Printing Equipment

Numerical data indexing: Force 2.38e+00N, Force 5.53e+00N, Mass 5.64e-01kg, Pressure 1.00e+05Pa, Size 1.00e-01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.011

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

71. Research and Prospect of Intelligent Bait-dropping Boat

Accession number: 20204809562250

Title of translation:

Authors: Guo, Zichun (1); Huang, Jiayi (1); Wang, Shuichuan (1); Yu, Shunting (1); Zhang, Linquan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Research Center of Aquatic Engineering Equipment Technology, Guangdong Institute of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Guangzhou; 510630, China

Corresponding author: Huang, Jiayi(2796426373@qq.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 51

Issue date: November 18, 2020

Publication year: 2020

Pages: 385-396 and 404

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Precise feeding of bait, medicine and microorganism is an important part of healthy aquatic breeding. The research of intelligent bait-dropping boat has gradually attracted attention due to its automatic cruise, obstacle self-avoidance, multi-point accurate delivery, supporting for the integration of water quality and video monitoring. The domestic and foreign research of intelligent bait-dropping boat was summarized from three aspects, including bait-feeding structure, path control and bait-feeding strategy. Among them, the existing conveying and throwing structure, path control mode, heading control algorithm, feeding path strategy and intelligent feeding technology were systematically analyzed. In view of the current research deficiencies, the future R&D trends were obtained: further improvement of bait breaking rate and throwing uniformity, high-precision navigation and positioning system integrated with 5G communication, high-precision heading control algorithm, intelligent bait-dropping algorithm that combined visual and acoustic information analysis, more multifunction of intelligent feeding boat, construction of a remote monitoring system for smart bait-dropping boat based on satellite Internet of things and digital twins. The content was of great significance to the development of digital, precise and intelligent of the intelligent bait-dropping boat. ? 2020, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.

Number of references: 79

Main heading: 5G mobile communication systems

Controlled terms: Boats? - ?Digital twin? - ?Feeding? - ?Water quality

Uncontrolled terms: Acoustic information? - ?Feeding strategies? - ?Feeding structures? - ?Feeding technology? - ?Remote monitoring system? - ?Satellite internet? - ?Self-avoidance? - ?Video monitoring

Classification code: 445.2 Water Analysis? - ?674.1 Small Marine Craft? - ?691.2 Materials Handling Methods

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.046

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village