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2014年第45卷第10期共收录53篇 1. Accession number: 201446200297 Title: Detection of breathing rate and abnormity of dairy cattle based on video analysis Authors: Zhao, Kaixuan1 ; He, Dongjian1 ; Wang, Enze1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling; Shaanxi, China Corresponding author: He, Dongjian Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 258-263 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: A real-time video capturing system for dairy was designed, and a detection method of breathing rate and abnormity in cows was studied based on the system to acquire the information in breathing. The optical flow method was used to calculate the velocity for each pixel. Breathing points were found out by looping Otsu operation according to the magnitude of velocity. The period was calculated from the curve of direction of velocity to get the breathing rate, and breathing abnormity was detected according the duration of each breath. 72 cows were detected for total 360 minutes to test the methods. The results demonstrated that the accuracy of calculated breathing rate and the recognition ratio of breathing abnormity were 95.68% and 89.06%, respectively, and the error detection of breathing abnormity was 2.53 times per-minute. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Optical flows Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery Uncontrolled terms: Breathing abnormity - Breathing rate - Dairy cattles - Detection methods - Optical flow methods - Real time videos - Recognition ratio - Video analysis Classification code: 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.040 Database: Compendex 2. Accession number: 201446200294 Title: Vegetable salting process based on inductive ion current Authors: Yang, Na1 ; Jin, Yamei1 ; Ma, Qian1 ; Wu, Fengfeng1 ; Jin, Zhengyu1 ; Xu, Xueming2 Author affiliation: 1 School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China 2 State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China Corresponding author: Xu, Xueming Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 238-244 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: This study presents a new impregnation technique for brining four kinds of vegetables based on Na and Cl- ion current generated by the electromagnetic induction. Saline concentration, processing time and porosity were identified as main variables, which influenced pickling efficiency. Based on the principle of Box-Benhnken central composite design, response surface analysis was applied to obtain the regression model to estimate the salt content of vegetables in the porosity range from 5.4%~8.2%. The results showed that the efficiency of magnetic energy converting to electrical energy increased along with increasing the concentration of solution. With a thickness of 24 mm and a porosity of more than 6% of the vegetables tissue, the sample were immersed in saline solutions subjected to ion current under the influence of the static magnetic field for 30 min, the salt content reached 5% approximately. The regression model provided reliable prediction of the salt content in eggplant with the porosity of 7.3%. Number of references: 29 Main heading: Vegetables Controlled terms: Electromagnetic induction - Ions - Mathematical models - Porosity - Regression analysis - Surface analysis Uncontrolled terms: Central composite designs - Concentration of solutions - Ion currents - Response surface analysis - Saline concentration - Salt content - Salting - Static magnetic fields Classification code: 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 801 Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.037 Database: Compendex 3. Accession number: 201446200288 Title: Design and test on porosimeter for particle material Authors: Li, Changyou1 ; Fang, Zhuangdong1 ; Mai, Zhiwei1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China Corresponding author: Li, Changyou Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 200-206 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: To improve detection precision and reliability of the porosimeter for particle materials, a constant volume porosimeter and an automatic control system were developed based on the ideal gas state equation and gas displacement method. In 0.1~0.4 MPa, the results showed that the higher the inflation pressure, the better the repeatability and precision of porosimeter when stainless steel balls, prisms, pebbles and fine stones were used in the test. The equation of error compensation was proposed through the calibration experiment using standard stainless steel balls and cylinders in the standard condition. The porosity of the samples were 16.02%, 25.14%, 35.57%, 49.05%, 58.42%, 67.79%, 76.57%, 85.36%, 94.14% respectively. In the inflation pressure limit of 0.4 MPa, with 13.5% wet basis of paddy porosity, the test results showed that the range of porosity was 0.3%, when filling rates of sample were 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% respectively. The reliability of measurement was proved by the results. Number of references: 27 Main heading: Porosity Controlled terms: Automation - Design - Equations of state - Error compensation - Measurements - Stainless steel - Testing Uncontrolled terms: Calibration experiments - Detection precision - Gas displacement - Ideal gas state equations - Inflation pressures - Particle materials - Stainless steel balls - Standard conditions Classification code: 408 Structural Design - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 545.3 Steel - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 732 Control Devices - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.031 Database: Compendex 4. Accession number: 201446199812 Title: Effect of jet hole arrangement on drag reduction characteristics of jet surface Authors: Gu, Yunqing1 ; Mu, Jiegang1 ; Zheng, Shuihua1 ; Zhao, Gang2 ; Ru, Jing2 ; Wang, Chenggang3 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China 2 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China 3 Institut National Polytechnique of Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France Corresponding author: Gu, Yunqing Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 340-346 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: A calculation model of jet hole arrangement ways was established based on the characteristics of single jet hole. With SST k-ω turbulence model, the drag reduction characteristics of jet surface under the condition of different jet hole arrangement was researched by using the numerical simulation. Then, the impact of jet hole arrangement on surface viscous resistance and drag reduction rate was analyzed, and the maximum drag reduction rate reached 33.65%, which was experimentally validated by using numerical calculation model. The movement characteristics and distribution rules of the shear stress of wall boundary layer, the surface compressive stress, the flow velocity and vortex generating in the downstream of the jet hole were studied. The results showed that wall boundary layer could be well controlled by jet hole arrangement of jet surface, and the drag reduction mechanism of jet surface was also revealed. Number of references: 19 Main heading: Drag Controlled terms: Boundary layers - Computer simulation - Drag reduction - Numerical models - Shear flow - Turbulence models Uncontrolled terms: Calculation models - Drag reduction mechanism - Drag-reduction rate - Jet surfaces - Maximum drag reductions - Movement characteristics - Numerical calculation model - Surface compressive stress Classification code: 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921 Mathematics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.053 Database: Compendex 5. Accession number: 201446200296 Title: Design of technical efficiency evaluation system for broiler based on WebGIS Authors: Liu, Xue1 ; Chen, Xuerui1 ; Li, Xinxing1 ; Zhang, Lingxian1 ; Fu, Zetian2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 2 College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Fu, Zetian Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 252-257 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Using the object-oriented JAVA language, a WebGIS-based system for evaluating the technical efficiency of broiler production was designed and developed. The system had multiple functions including the collection and storage of broiler breeding data (spatial and attribute data), calculation of technical efficiency, analysis of time spatial characteristics, analysis of the determinants of technical efficiency and visual displays of the evaluation results. The application of the system shows that it can provide a simple, rapid and comprehensive information query function, and serves as an intelligent and integrative tool for management of spatial data and the evaluation of dynamic technical efficiency and determinants. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Information management Controlled terms: Digital storage - Efficiency - Function evaluation - Java programming language - Search engines - Spatial variables measurement Uncontrolled terms: Broiler productions - Broilers - Comprehensive information - Evaluation - Evaluation results - Spatial characteristics - Technical efficiency - Web-GIS Classification code: 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages - 903.2 Information Dissemination - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.039 Database: Compendex 6. Accession number: 201446200305 Title: Synthesis of Watt-I six-bar linkage based on spatial solution region for given two coupler planes Authors: Yang, Tong1 ; Han, Jianyou1 ; Cui, Guangzhen1 ; Li, Renwu1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Han, Jianyou Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 307-312 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: This paper addresses the synthesis problem of Watt-I six-bar linkage motion generation, and introduces a novel and convenient synthesis approach. The coupler link used as end-effector of Watt-I is connected to a coupler plane of a four-bar linkage, so that the designers need to give the task positions of these two coupler planes. With the method, a four-bar linkage is synthesized firstly, and then a dyad is attached to this four-bar linkage to obtain a six-bar linkage. For four-precision-position problems, four-bar motion generation can produce infinite number of solutions. And for any selected four-bar linkage, we can present an equation of pivot curve that each point on this curve can generate a satisfactory dyad. Based on the planar solution region of four-bar linkage, an infinite number of synthesized six-bar linkage solution can be expressed in a finite spatial region. In addition, the paper still puts forward a circuit and branch defects distinguish method for Watt-I six-bar linkage. The feasible spatial mechanism solution regions without any defects are obtained by using the distinguish method. Application of the spatial solution regions makes designers to be able to understand the information of the synthesized six-bar linkages on the whole, and makes it possible to get the optimal solution that attached more design requirements. Number of references: 17 Main heading: Design Controlled terms: Defects Uncontrolled terms: Four-bar linkage - Motion generation - Optimal solutions - Planar Solutions - Six-bar linkages - Spatial mechanism - Spatial solution regions - Synthesis problems Classification code: 408 Structural Design - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 951 Materials Science DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.048 Database: Compendex 7. Accession number: 201446200267 Title: PWM variable spray control based on Kalman filter Authors: Jiang, Huanyu1 ; Zhou, Mingchuan1 ; Tong, Junhua1 ; Liu, Yan1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Corresponding author: Jiang, Huanyu Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 60-65 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: A platform was built up to collect the pressure data near the nozzle. The instantaneous flow data was calculated based on the relationship between pressure and flow by using Kalman filtering algorithm, and the average spray flow rate was obtained by integrating over the instantaneous flow, then an automatic piecewise linear fitting method was designed after considering the relationship between the duty cycle of PWM signal and the average spray flow rate. In order to verify the control effects of the spray flow rate model, the PWM spray flow rate models based on Kalman filtering were established under the spray pressure of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4MPa, respectively, and the experiments of spray flow rate control accuracy were performed under the same conditions. The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) in the models above were all more than 0.995 under the three spray pressures, and the spray flow rate control error was within ±6%. This method provides a reference of building spraying control model for rapid and online use. Number of references: 14 Main heading: Flow rate Controlled terms: Kalman filters - Piecewise linear techniques - Pulse width modulation Uncontrolled terms: Coefficient of determination - Instantaneous flow - Kalman filtering algorithms - Kalman-filtering - Piecewise linear fittings - Pressure data - Spray pressure - Variable spray Classification code: 631 Fluid Flow - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 731.1 Control Systems DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.010 Database: Compendex 8. Accession number: 201446200269 Title: Reliability experiment on high clearance boom sprayer chassis Authors: Yang, Fangfei1 ; Han, Xiaojin1 ; Duan, Yaoqi1 ; Tian, Yongwei1 ; Yan, Chuliang1 Author affiliation: 1 Beijing Aircraft Strength Institute, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Yang, Fangfei Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 73-77 and 72 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The reliability of high clearance boom sprayer chassis was studied by simulation and experiment. The stress distribution and the weak positions of the chassis were simulated by software ANSYS. According to the finite element results, the relation equations between the load of testing points and weak positions were obtained. The load spectrum measurement experiments of spray machine chassis were carried out under typical using conditions. In data statistics processing, the rain-flow method was adopted. By means of the Miner's rule, the cumulative damages of weak positions of the chassis under various typical conditions were calculated. According to the actual use of the spray machine, the real life of the chassis was calculated by a weighted average of the damage under various typical conditions. The research method and the analysis results can provide guidance for reliability design of agricultural machinery. Number of references: 13 Main heading: Chassis Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery - Data handling - Experiments - Finite element method - Load testing - Machine design - Reliability - Reliability analysis Uncontrolled terms: Boom sprayer - Cumulative damage - Damage - Load spectrum - Provide guidances - Reliability design - research methods - Weighted averages Classification code: 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.012 Database: Compendex 9. Accession number: 201446200271 Title: Fuzzy adaptive control system of forward speed for combine harvester based on model reference Authors: Chen, Jin1 ; Ning, Xiaobo1 ; Li, Yaoming2 ; Yang, Guangjin1 ; Wu, Pei1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China 2 Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China Corresponding author: Chen, Jin Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 87-91 and 86 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Taking a tangential-axial combine harvester as a research object, a fuzzy adaptive control system of forward speed based on model reference was put forward, and the multivariate fusion reference models under adaptive control and the fuzzy control rules were established. Then, the control device of forward speed for the combine harvester was developed, and the field harvesting tests of rice were made to verify the feasibility of the device. The results proved that the model reference fuzzy adaptive control system could implement the adaptive control function of the forward speed for the combine harvester compared with the ordinary fuzzy control system, which effectively reduced the labor strength and increased the harvesting efficiency. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Model reference adaptive control Controlled terms: Adaptive control systems - Control systems - Fuzzy control - Harvesters - Speed Uncontrolled terms: Adaptive Control - Combine harvesters - Forward speed - Fuzzy control rules - Fuzzy-adaptive control - Model reference - Model reference fuzzy adaptive control - Reference models Classification code: 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921 Mathematics - 931.1 Mechanics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.014 Database: Compendex 10. Accession number: 201446200298 Title: Signal transmission characteristics of 2.4 GHz wireless sensor network in tomato greenhouse Authors: Han, Wenting1, 2 ; Wang, Yi1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling; Shannxi, China 2 Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A and F University, Yangling; Shannxi, China Corresponding author: Han, Wenting Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 264-271 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: For deploying a wireless sensor network system and studying the channel characteristics in tomato greenhouse, relationships among radio frequency signal propagation characteristics and communication distances, antenna heights, transmission paths were studied with a 2.4 GHz carrier frequency for configuring wireless sensor network in a tomato greenhouse. The results showed that the attenuation of the received signal strength caused by communication distance accorded with a logarithmic model. When the height was fixed, the strength index of received signal tended to decrease and the packet loss rate fluctuated as the distance of transmitter to receiver increased, which was an overall increasing trend. It was the best to place the antennas at a column of central location in greenhouse, in the top of the tomato or above of it, followed at higher place above 1.5 m. The regression analysis results demonstrated that there was a quadratic relationship between the regression parameter A and the antenna height, and there was also a quadratic regression equation between the environmental factor n and antenna height. Besides, a model used for calculating the received signal strength of 2.4 GHz transmitting through tomato greenhouse was constructed. Validation results showed that the model could better predict the received signal strength at different distance point at different height. This research can provide a reference for WSNs application. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Wireless sensor networks Controlled terms: Antennas - Fruits - Greenhouses - Microwave antennas - Radio communication - Radio transmission - Regression analysis - Signal receivers Uncontrolled terms: Channel characteristics - Communication distance - Environmental factors - Radiofrequency signals - Received signal strength - Regression parameters - Signal attenuation - Tomato Classification code: 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.041 Database: Compendex 11. Accession number: 201446200260 Title: Analysis and optimization of Macpherson steering suspension Authors: Qin, Wei1 ; Geng, Qingsong1 ; Huang, Yonggang2, 3 ; Du, Li2, 3 ; Zhang, Wei1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China 3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Mechanism Design and Control for Manufacturing Equipment, Chongqing, China Corresponding author: Qin, Wei Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 15-21 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Aiming at a car modified as SUV, the layout of the front Macpherson steering suspension system needs to be redesigned after raising the car body. As a result, the toe-in of front wheel changes towards a positive rate in the process of the wheel jounce, which causes the vehicle tends to over steer. And Ackerman deviation is large which makes severe tire wear in progress of turning around. According to the structure characteristics of Macpherson suspension mechanism, the kinematics of suspension is analyzed based on space geometry method when it has or not has the steering linkage. And the influences on the amount of toe-in and camber of steering linkage are found. The optimization model is set up based on the influences on toe-in of steering linkage and space limitation of splitting point, which is calculated with Matlab. After optimization, the toe-in deterioration is eliminated, and Ackerman deviation is effectively reduced. As a result, the handling and stability of the vehicle and tire wear are improved in progress of turning around. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Suspensions (components) Controlled terms: Automobile steering equipment - Automobile suspensions - Optimization - Steering - Wheels Uncontrolled terms: Alignment parameter - Handling and stabilities - Macpherson suspension - Optimization design - Optimization modeling - Space limitations - Structure characteristic - Suspension system Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components - 632.1 Hydraulics - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.003 Database: Compendex 12. Accession number: 201446200264 Title: Navigation line detection for farm machinery based on improved genetic algorithm Authors: Meng, Qingkuan1 ; Zhang, Man1 ; Qiu, Ruicheng1 ; He, Jie1 ; Si, Yongsheng2 ; Liu, Gang1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 2 College of Information Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China Corresponding author: Zhang, Man Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 39-46 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Aimed at the problem of low processing speed and poor anti-interference in existing algorithms for the visual navigation, an algorithm based on improved genetic algorithm (IGA) was designed for navigation line detection. Since the trend of crop row in image was approximate to a line, two points from the bottom and top sides of image were randomly selected to code as chromosome. By multiple genetic evolutions, the highest fitness individual was chosen as the crop row line, so as to obtain the navigation line. To increase search efficiency and accuracy, IGA adopted the method of combination of probability preservation and optimal preservation strategy as the selection operator. The probabilities of crossover and mutation were adjusted automatically to improve the convergence speed and global search ability. The experimental results showed that, compared with Hough transform and Generic algorithm, IGA had the advantages of rapid detection and strong anti-interference. When the velocity of the vehicle was 0.6m/s, the maximum lateral deviation and average lateral deviation were 76 mm and 33.1 mm respectively, which could meet the requirement of farm machinery navigation. Number of references: 20 Main heading: Algorithms Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery - Computer programming - Crops - Genetic algorithms - Hough transforms - Machinery - Navigation Uncontrolled terms: Crossover and mutation - Farm machinery - Generic algorithm - Global search ability - Line detection - Preservation strategies - Selection operators - Visual Navigation Classification code: 601 Mechanical Design - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.1 Computer Programming - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.007 Database: Compendex 13. Accession number: 201446200275 Title: Design and experiment of rotary converter of liquid fertilizer Authors: Wang, Jinwu1 ; Pan, Zhenwei1 ; Yang, Xinlun1 ; Liu, Yongjun1 ; Zhang, Chunfeng1 ; Wang, Jinfeng1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China Corresponding author: Wang, Jinwu Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 110-115 and 65 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: There are a lot of problems in deep application-type liquid fertilizer such as large energy loss, low efficiency, transporting liquid fertilizer hose winding, etc, because of intricate piping in splitter and fertilization institutions of deep application-type liquid fertilizer. Hence, we designed a rotor type liquid fertilizer converter by theoretical analysis and Adams simulation method in order to solve the above problems. Using the converter, which could replace original splitter and any original tubing of fertilization institutions, we designed the pipe system of transporting liquid fertilizer. We used the new pipeline system with the converter in an anti-winding test. We also used the new one and the original pipeline for a comparative fertilization experiment. When finished the anti-winding experiment we found that when the sun gear and the planetary gear ratio was 3:1 and the sun gear and the planet carrier speed ratio was 2:3, the converter applications could better solve the transporting liquid fertilizer hose winding problem of fertilization institutions. When finished the comparative fertilization experiment we found that the new pipeline system efficiency was 2.63 times of the original pipeline system when fertilizer was 20.32 mL/time and pump pressure was 0.31 MPa. Number of references: 22 Main heading: Fertilizers Controlled terms: Energy dissipation - Experiments - Hose - Liquids - Pipelines - Piping systems - Problem solving - Societies and institutions - Water pipelines - Winding Uncontrolled terms: Adams simulation - Converter - Fertilization experiment - Liquid fertilizers - Pipe-line systems - Planet carriers - Planetary Gears - Pump pressures Classification code: 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 816.1 Processing of Plastics and Other Polymers - 901.1.1 Societies and Institutions - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.018 Database: Compendex 14. Accession number: 201446200258 Title: Characteristics and control method of proportional relay valve for commercial vehicle EBS Authors: Han, Zhengtie1, 2 ; Zong, Changfu1 ; Zhao, Weiqiang1 ; Wan, Ying1 Author affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, China 2 College of Mechanical Engineering, Pyongyang University of Mechanical Engineering, Pyongyang, China Corresponding author: Zong, Changfu Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 1-6 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The simulation model and hysteresis compensation control method of proportional relay valve of EBS for commercial vehicle were proposed focused on the hysteresis characteristic. First, the mathematic model for proportional relay valve was established, which reflected the hysteresis characteristic. Then, the response characteristic and hysteresis characteristic were simulated using that model in Matlab/Simulink environment, and the correctness and reliability of the model were validated through opened loop test. After that, a control method for proportional relay valve was developed by which the hysteresis characteristic could be compensated. Finally the effectiveness of this control method was validated through the off-line simulation and the HIL test. Simulation and test results show that the hysteresis compensation control method proposed can improve the control characteristic and vehicle active safety. Number of references: 11 Main heading: Commercial vehicles Controlled terms: Automobiles - Computer simulation - Hysteresis - Vehicles Uncontrolled terms: Control characteristics - Control methods - EBS system - Hysteresis characteristics - Hysteresis compensation - MATLAB/Simulink environment - Off-line simulations - Response characteristic Classification code: 432 Highway Transportation - 662.1 Automobiles - 723.5 Computer Applications - 961 Systems Science DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.001 Database: Compendex 15. Accession number: 201446200289 Title: Design and test of grain moisture online measuring system based on floating ground capacitance Authors: Mai, Zhiwei1 ; Li, Changyou1 ; Xu, Fengying1 ; Fang, Zhuangdong1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China Corresponding author: Li, Changyou Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 207-213 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: A new type of capacitive grain moisture on-line measuring device was designed based on the measuring principle of non-contact parallel plate floating capacitor, which was suitable to continuous dryer under severe environment. The static batching measurement was used to improve the repeated accuracy of the measurement. Positioned filling device was designed to eliminate the measuring error caused by the variation of porosity and different way of filling. Wireless communication technology was adopted to achieve real-time data transmission from client sensors to computer and overcome the poor drying conditions, which could affect data transmission. The relationship among moisture, temperature, and capacitance of corn was calibrated and the system was tested on a continuous dryer. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between results of oven method and results of online measuring system was 0.992, and the absolute error of measurement was less than ±0.4%, while the working temperature was 15~50, relative humidity was 80%~100%, drying temperature was 70, and the corn moisture content range was 14%~21%. It proved that the online measuring system meet the design requirement of poor drying conditions. Number of references: 29 Main heading: Social networking (online) Controlled terms: Capacitance - Data communication systems - Data transfer - Design - Dryers (equipment) - Drying - Grain (agricultural product) - Moisture - Testing - Wireless telecommunication systems Uncontrolled terms: Correlation coefficient - Ground capacitances - Online measuring - Online measuring systems - Real time data transmission - Variation of porosities - Wireless communication technology - Working temperatures Classification code: 408 Structural Design - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 642.1 Process Heating - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 717 Optical Communication - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.032 Database: Compendex 16. Accession number: 201446200301 Title: A detection method of tomato phosphorus level based on micro-structure of leaf Authors: Li, Qinglin1 ; Mao, Hanping1 ; Zuo, Zhiyu1 ; Zhang, Xiaodong1 ; Sun, Jun2 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China 2 School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China Corresponding author: Mao, Hanping Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 282-287 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The object of this study was to seek a new way to detect the phosphorus levels of tomato rapidly. Taking the tomato grown under different phosphorus levels as the object of the research, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and TEM(Transmission Electron Microscope) were adopted to evaluate the effects of phosphorus levels on micro-structure and ultra-structure of tomato leaf. The results showed that for the control treatment plant, the thickness of leaf was (124±2.14) μm, the stomatal and trichome density was (233.0±5.5) mm-2 and (34.2±1.33) mm-2 respectively, the height of trichomes was (97.0±2.83) μm, and the size of the stoma was 13.91±0.85 μm. In comparison with the control treatment, the thickness of leave, the density of stomata, the density and the height of trichomes decreased significantly in response to low phosphorus levels, while the changes in stomata size were not significant. The size of stomata, the density of trichomes, the number of vascular bundle were increased in high phosphorus level plants, while the density of stomata, the length of trichomes did not change markedly. At the ultra-structural level, low phosphorus supplied cell contained chloroplast so that it had begun to lose their structural integrity, and high phosphorus supplied cell had thicker cell wall, but the structure did not change observably. Based on the results, a new method to detect phosphorus levels rapidly was proposed. Number of references: 25 Main heading: Phosphorus Controlled terms: Fruits - Plants (botany) - Scanning electron microscopy - Transmission electron microscopy Uncontrolled terms: Control treatments - Detection methods - Phosphorus levels - Rapid detection - Structural levels - Tomato - Ultra structure - Vascular bundle Classification code: 461.9 Biology - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.044 Database: Compendex 17. Accession number: 201446200265 Title: Synchronized position and pose tracking technology for mobile target Authors: Luo, Chengming1 ; Li, Wei1 ; Yang, Hai1 ; Ying, Baohua1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China Corresponding author: Li, Wei Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 47-52 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Taking mobile targets, such as agricultural vehicles and mining equipments, as the research object, the position and pose tracking technology is proposed under three-axis accelerometer and three-axis gyroscope aimed at realizing autonomic movement in unknown environment. Firstly, dynamic characteristics and kinematic model are built. Secondly, using three-axis accelerometer, the position and pose of mobile target are resolved based on the multi-parameters. Then, a prototype system for verifying the proposed position and pose method is developed. The estimation results indicate that the mean errors of roll, pitch and yaw are 0.33°, 0.26°and 0.38° respectively under static state, while the dynamic errors of pose detection are 1.01°, 0.64° and 0.83° respectively. The mean errors of position estimation are 0.76, 0.52 and 0.56 m respectively under static state. Meanwhile, the accumulation error caused by three-axis accelerometer can be eliminated under the aid of zero-velocity update, which can effectively track the trajectory. Number of references: 19 Main heading: Tracking (position) Controlled terms: Accelerometers - Errors - Kinematics - Target tracking Uncontrolled terms: Accuracy analysis - Agricultural vehicles - Dynamic characteristics - Mobile targets - Position and pose - Self-tracking - Three axis accelerometers - Three-axis gyroscopes Classification code: 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 921 Mathematics - 931.1 Mechanics - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.008 Database: Compendex 18. Accession number: 201446200278 Title: Comparison of lattice Boltzmann method and Preissmann implicit difference method in application to overland flow Authors: Zhang, Xiaona1 ; Feng, Jie2 ; Zhang, Donghui3 ; Liu, Ningning4 Author affiliation: 1 College of Hydrometeorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China 2 Water Resources Research Institute, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China 3 School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China 4 Hydraulic Engineering Administration Bureau of Shandong Province, Ji'nan , China Corresponding author: Zhang, Xiaona Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 132-139 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Lattice Boltzmann method is applied extensively in the field of fluid motion for concise programming, parallel computing, and dealing with complex geometrical boundary easily and so on. As the main force of soil water erosion process, accurate simulation of the process of overland flow has important significance for analyzing the mechanism of slope erosion and building the physical process of soil erosion model. However, there is less research on the application of the lattice Boltzmann method to overland flow at present. In this paper, lattice Boltzmann method with D1Q5 velocity model is applied in motion equation of overland flow, in which, only time is considered in the process of multiple scales, and undetermined coefficient method is adopted to determine the equilibrium distribution function by means of multi-scale analysis. And then using analytical solution as a standard, lattice Boltzmann method and Preissmann four-point implicit scheme method are compared through ideal numerical example. The results indicate that the calculation precision of lattice Boltzmann method using D1Q5 velocity model is higher than that of Preissmann four-point implicit scheme method in simulating the variations of water depth and discharge per unit width at the bottom of slope, especially in the stage of recession flow, and in describing the distribution of water depth and discharge per unit width along the slope length before equilibrium time. But after equilibrium time, the calculation precision of lattice Boltzmann method using D1Q5 velocity model is lower in calculating the distribution of water depth and discharge per unit width along the slope length because at the point of x=1 m, a large relative error occurs. The relaxation time is recommended to be taken in [1, 1.2] s when lattice Boltzmann method is applied to solve the motion equation of overland flow. Number of references: 19 Main heading: Computational fluid dynamics Controlled terms: Boltzmann equation - Computer simulation - Distribution functions - Equations of motion - Erosion - Numerical methods - Parallel architectures - Relaxation time - Soil moisture - Velocity Uncontrolled terms: Calculation precision - Difference method - Distribution of water - Equilibrium distribution functions - Lattice Boltzmann method - Overland flow - Undetermined coefficients - Velocity model Classification code: 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631 Fluid Flow - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.1 Mechanics - 933 Solid State Physics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.021 Database: Compendex 19. Accession number: 201446200261 Title: Estimation of vehicle states based on adaptive model particle filter Authors: Qin, Lufang1, 2 ; Li, Wei1, 2 ; Li, Jun2 ; Cao, Jie2 Author affiliation: 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Large Engineering Equipment Detection and Control, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou, China 2 College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Uniersity of Technology, Lanzhou, China Corresponding author: Qin, Lufang Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 22-29 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to get the accurate and real-time vehicle state variables in running, a new kind of model adaptive update particle filter method is proposed. The non-Gaussian and non-linear tire noise vehicle dynamics model is established. High frequency sub-band is used to estimate real-time measurement noise variance of sensors based on the wavelet transform. The real fitting degree of observation likelihood function is improved and the degradation phenomenon of particle weight is improved to a certain extent by the combination of the adaptive auto regression model of the whole vehicle system state. Virtual experiment based on ADAMS/Car and real vehicle experiment verify the validity of the proposed method. Experiment results show that the estimation precision and anti-noise performance of the proposed method are superior to those of the commonly used method, and can satisfy the requirements of vehicle state estimation. Number of references: 20 Main heading: Vehicles Controlled terms: Experiments - Monte Carlo methods - Regression analysis - Spurious signal noise - State estimation - Virtual reality - Wavelet transforms Uncontrolled terms: Autoregression models - Estimation of vehicles - Likelihood functions - Particle filter - Real time measurements - Vehicle dynamics - Vehicle dynamics models - Vehicle state estimations Classification code: 432 Highway Transportation - 713 Electronic Circuits - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.004 Database: Compendex 20. Accession number: 201446200273 Title: Automatic monitor system for mesh roller type unginned cotton and film remnant separator based on virtual instrument Authors: Zhang, Ruoyu1 ; Ding, Zhuqing1 ; Li, Xiaoliang1 ; Kan, Za1 ; Li, Shuo1 ; Zhang, Yaou1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory for Agricultural Machinery of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shehezi, China Corresponding author: Kan, Za Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 97-102 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to real-time and accurately obtain the multi-point wind speed of all the key regions and rotate speed of the big and small mesh rollers during running of the mesh roller-type unginned cotton and film remnant separator, the automatic monitor system was designed and developed based on virtual instrument technology combining with a variety of sensors. Finally, the value acquired by system was compared with the measured data of the handheld laser tachometer and the four-channel intelligent pressure data collecting instrument for wind speed and volume. Experimental results showed that the maximum relative error of rotate speed of the big and small mesh roller was 0.68%, and the maximum relative error of wind speed was 8.95%. The result indicated that the monitor system met the measurement requirements for collecting wind speed and rotate speed and the system was reasonable and practical. Number of references: 17 Main heading: Monitoring Controlled terms: Cotton - Digital instruments - Rollers (machine components) - Separators - Speed - Wind Uncontrolled terms: Automatic monitors - Film remnants - Maximum relative errors - Mesh roller types - Monitor system - Unginned cottons - Virtual instrument - Virtual instrument technology Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 601.2 Machine Components - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 931.1 Mechanics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.016 Database: Compendex 21. Accession number: 201446200303 Title: Detection of soil potassium content based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Authors: Zhang, Junning1 ; Fang, Xianfa1 ; Zhang, Xiaochao1 ; Yuan, Yanwei1 ; Zhou, Liming1 ; Wu, Haihua1 Author affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant-Machine System Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Zhang, Xiaochao Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 294-299 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Regarding to the inadequacy of traditional soil nutrition detecting techniques, a new soil nutrition on-line detecting equipment based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy theory is developed. The experiments to analyze feasibility and accuracy of detecting soil potassium nutrient content is carried out with this equipment. Experimental results show that characteristic lines of potassium are 766.49 nm and 769.90 nm respectively, and the relationship of soil potassium nutrient content and characteristic peak value is positive correlation. However, once potassium content in samples is above 0.3%, the relationship of potassium nutrient content and characteristic spectral intensity becomes nonlinear because of the existence of emission spectrum self-absorption phenomenon. To eliminate the detecting matrix effects, lithium element in soil samples is selected to be a internal standard element for correcting potassium element characteristic lines. Using spectral intensity of sensitive characteristic wavelength 766.49 nm and 769.90 nm to estimate soil potassium nutrient content by binary linear model, the determination coefficient (R2) of model reaches 0.933 7, and the relative root mean square error(RRMSE) is only 0.276 1. With current testing conditions, the lowest detection limit of soil potassium content is 212 μg/g. This result indicates that the detecting system can satisfy the requirements of soil potassium nutrient on-line detection preliminarily, but needs to be further improved. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Potassium Controlled terms: Absorption spectroscopy - Atomic emission spectroscopy - Emission spectroscopy - Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy - Laser theory - Linear regression - Mean square error - Nutrients - Nutrition - Social networking (online) - Soil testing - Soils Uncontrolled terms: Absorption phenomena - Characteristic lines - Determination coefficients - Internal standard element - Internal standard method - Multiple linear regressions - Positive correlations - Root mean square errors Classification code: 461.7 Health Care - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 744.1 Lasers, General - 801 Chemistry - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.046 Database: Compendex 22. Accession number: 201446200282 Title: Effects of CaCl2 solution irrigation on distributions of soil water, salt and water repellency Authors: Ju, Juanli1 ; Li, Yi1, 2 ; Song, Hongyang1, 2 ; Liu, Junmin1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Water Resources and Architecture Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling; Shaanxi, China 2 Linghe Reservoir Management Station at Lintong Region in Xi'an, Xi'an, China Corresponding author: Liu, Junmin Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 159-166 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Saline water irrigation is one of the effective measures for relieving the crisis of agricultural water utilization. Sand and saline-alkali soils were selected and were added with hydrophobic materials. CaCl2 solution with mineral degrees of 0, 1, 3 and 6 g/L were used for laboratory column infiltration experiments, in order to compare the effects of irrigation water quality on the distributions of soil water, soil salt and soil water repellency. The results showed that the curves of cumulative infiltration, wetting front and infiltration rate for sand 1 and wettable saline-alkali soil were all smooth after saline water irrigation. But those for sand 2 and hydrophobic saline-alkali soil were not so smooth, and their infiltration process were much slower than those of sand 1 and wettable saline-alkali soil. The increase of irrigation water mineral degree affected the infiltration process of saline-alkali soil more than that of sand. Philip model and Kostiakov equation were both good for fitting the infiltration curves of wettable soils. After saline water irrigation, the water drop penetration time (WDPT) along the profile increased both for sand 1 and san 2, but the maximal increment was only 3.6 s. The increment of WDPT for saline-alkali soil was obvious and the maximal increment value was 19 s. The increase of irrigation mineral degrees affected electrical conductivity, concentration of Ca2 and concengtration of Cl-. In conclusion, this study indicated that saline water irrigation affected not only the distributions of soil water and salt, but also that of hydrophobicity. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Infiltration Controlled terms: Curve fitting - Hydrophobicity - Irrigation - Minerals - Saline water - Sand - Soil moisture - Soils - Water - Water quality Uncontrolled terms: Cumulative infiltrations - Electrical conductivity - Irrigation water quality - Saline water irrigations - Soil hydrophobicity - Soil salts - Soil water repellency - Water drop penetration time Classification code: 444 Water Resources - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.025 Database: Compendex 23. Accession number: 201446200300 Title: Recognition of green apple in similar backgroud Authors: Zhang, Chunlong1 ; Zhang, Ji2 ; Zhang, Junxiong1 ; Li, Wei1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 2 The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh; PA, United States Corresponding author: Li, Wei Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 277-281 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to realize the automated estimation of orchard yield, we studied on the recognition method of green apple based on machine vision. An image capturing system composed of a color camera and an active lighting system was used to capture images of apple trees at night. A hybrid classifier including an SVM method based on the advantage of H, S and normalized g and a Super-G method was developed to remove the background. The connected apples were found by the area feature and the ratio of major axis to minor axis of the individual regions. Then we used the Euclidean distance transformation method to generate the distance image of the founded connected apple regions. Finally a watershed method was used to separate the connected apples, and the total number of the apples in image were known. The analysis of experimental results regarding 64 images showed that the average rate of correct recognition was 89.30%. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Fruits Controlled terms: Computer vision - Support vector machines - Watersheds Uncontrolled terms: Automated estimation - Euclidean distance - Green apple - Hybrid classifier - Image capturing system - Recognition methods - Similar background - Watershed methods Classification code: 444.1 Surface Water - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.043 Database: Compendex 24. Accession number: 201446200279 Title: A new experimental method for observing initial soil infiltration under ring infiltrometer Authors: Zhang, Jing1 ; Lei, Tingwu1, 2 ; Zhang, Guanghui2, 3 ; Cai, Chongfa4 ; Huang, Yanhe5 ; Yang, Xiusheng6 Author affiliation: 1 College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; Shaanxi, China 3 School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 4 College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China 5 College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agricuture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China 6 Department of Natural Resources Management and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs ; CT, United States Corresponding author: Lei, Tingwu Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 140-146 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The initial soil infiltration rate affects and determines rainfall runoff, hydrological processes and soil erosion process. A new experimental method and device were suggested to test the initial infiltrability of soil under ring infiltrometer. The water distribution in the soil profile as made by the initial infiltrated water was visually observed and the initial process of soil infiltration was estimated. The specially constructed ring could be disassembled into two halves so as to conveniently observe the distribution of the infiltrated water. The detailed structure of the special designed ring and its application methodologies were detailed. An infiltration ring made of plexiglass was used to comparatively observe the 1-D infiltration process with refilled soil of the same density. The diameter of the disassemble ring was 35 cm, as the standard. A series of infiltration experiments were conducted with silt loam taken from Beijing. The experiment involved three soil bulk densities, 1.2 g/cm3, 1.3 g/cm3, and 1.4 g/cm3 and three hammering energy levels, determined by the weights of hammers of 1 kg, 2 kg, 4 kg, freely falling down from 1 m height. Two liters of water were used for the observations in every experiment, with two replicates. The wetted soil volume in the ring showed that the actually wetted soil column by the infiltrated water consisted of the radial/horizontal infiltration caused by the gaps between the ring wall and soil and the vertical infiltration from the ground surface. The preferential flow between the ring wall and the soil significantly influenced the accuracy of the measured infiltration rate. The errors increased with the increase of soil bulk density. The observed initial infiltration, in terms of the radial infiltration width and the vertical infiltration depth was approximately equal. The depth of vertical infiltration was 1.001 times of radial infiltration width. The initial infiltration rate measured was 3.3 times of the simulated 1-D initial infiltration rate. This study will supply a method for assessing soil infiltration rate measured by ring infiltrometer. Number of references: 18 Main heading: Infiltration Controlled terms: Experiments - Groundwater flow - Silt - Soil moisture - Soils - Water supply systems - Wetting Uncontrolled terms: Experiment equipment - Hydrological process - Infiltration process - Infiltrometers - Measurement effects - New experimental method - Vertical infiltration - Water distributions Classification code: 444.2 Groundwater - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.022 Database: Compendex 25. Accession number: 201446200266 Title: Current status and future trends of agricultural aerial spraying technology in China Authors: Zhang, Dongyan1, 2 ; Lan, Yubin3 ; Chen, Liping1, 3 ; Wang, Xiu1 ; Liang, Dong2 Author affiliation: 1 Beijing Research Center of Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, China 2 College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China 3 Sino-US Agricultural Aviation Cooperative Technology Center, Beijing, China and College Station, TX, United States Corresponding author: Chen, Liping Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 53-59 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Agricultural aerial spraying is an effective guarantee to achieve food security and ecological security in China. In this article, the research status of agricultural aerial spraying technology in China was reviewed and summarized. Three aspects such as models of agricultural airplane, key technologies of aerial spraying and supporting equipments in aerial spraying were elaborated, and then the prospect of China's agricultural aerial spraying was expected through comparing the current situation of aerial spraying with developed countries. It will provide progress reference for scientific research and development of domestic research institutions and enterprises. Number of references: 30 Main heading: Agriculture Controlled terms: Drops - Food supply - Societies and institutions - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) Uncontrolled terms: Current situation - Developed countries - Domestic research - Ecological security - GPS navigation - Key technologies - Research status - Scientific researches Classification code: 404.2 Civil Defense - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.1.1 Societies and Institutions DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.009 Database: Compendex 26. Accession number: 201446200306 Title: Improved DH method to build robot coordinate system Authors: Huang, Xiaochen1 ; Zhang, Minglu1 ; Zhang, Xiaojun1 ; Li, Xinye1 ; Zhang, Jianhua1 Author affiliation: 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China Corresponding author: Zhang, Minglu Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 313-318 and 325 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Considering the limitation of the DH rule when using it to establish coordinate systems for robots, an auxiliary coordinate method was proposed as the extension of the traditional DH rule. The details about how to construct the auxiliary coordinate and how to use the auxiliary coordinate method were stated comprehensively. By the proposed method, any point of a link, not exactly in the joint of two links as usual, can be chosen as the original point of the auxiliary coordinates. The analytical results based on the auxiliary coordinate method were compared with the numerical simulation and it was found that they were in good agreement. It is shown that the method presented is more accurate and flexible when applied to complex robot systems while one or more components are not straight link, for example in L-shape, or t a relative rotation of one link about the axis of the connected previous one. Number of references: 21 Main heading: Numerical methods Controlled terms: Computer simulation - Kinematics - Numerical models - Robots Uncontrolled terms: Analytical results - Auxiliary coordinate method - Co-ordinate system - D-H method - DH rule - Relative rotation - Robot coordinate system - Robot system Classification code: 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.5 Robotics - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.049 Database: Compendex 27. Accession number: 201446200274 Title: Directional adsorption characteristics of corn seed based on fluent and high-speed photography Authors: Zhao, Xueguan1 ; Xu, Liming1 ; Wang, Yingbiao1 ; Li, Chao1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Soil-Machine-Plant System Technology, MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Xu, Liming Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 103-109 and 28 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Directed sowing corn can make the corn growthconsistent, increasing core planting density and yield of crops. Corn directional sowing tapes was one of the methods to realize the directional seeding. In order to ensure that seed direction deflection did not occur in the process of adsorption, we designed the seed adsorption arranging mechanism, and established the mechanical model of joint adsorption of seed. Software Fluent was used to make simulated analysis of the seed suction airflow field. Taking suction cone angle, hole spacing, and lateral plate width as three factors, an orthogonal experiment was carried out, and the directional absorption-arranging of corn seeds was determined. The best suction model parameters were as following, suction cone angle was 60°, hole spacing was 1.5 mm, lateral plate width was 4 mm, and air velocity was 6~8 m/s. Number of references: 11 Main heading: High speed photography Controlled terms: Adsorption - Air Uncontrolled terms: Absorption property - Corn seeds - Directional sowing - Fluent simulation - Vacuum suction Classification code: 742.1 Photography - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.017 Database: Compendex 28. Accession number: 201446200277 Title: Global sensitivity analyses of DSSAT-CERES-wheat model using Morris and EFAST methods Authors: Song, Mingdan1 ; Feng, Hao2, 3 ; Li, Zhengpeng1, 3 ; Gao, Jianen1, 2 Author affiliation: 1 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A and F University, Yangling; Shaanxi, China 2 Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; Shaanxi, China 3 Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A and F University, Yangling; Shaanxi, China Corresponding author: Feng, Hao Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 124-131 and 166 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Parameter sensitivity analysis is crucial to the process of model localization. In this study, both the Morris and EFAST (extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test) methods were applied to test the sensitivities of outputs of CERES-Wheat model to its cultivar and ecotype parameters. The wheat crop planted during 2007-2010 was simulated under the potential, attainable and actual yield level at Yangling, Shaanxi Province. CERES-Wheat outputs of interest included anthesis date, maturity date, yield and above-ground biomass. The results showed that the anthesis and maturity dates were highly influenced by photoperiod response (P1D), accumulated temperature in the duration of emergence stage to terminal spike differentiation stage (P1), accumulated temperature in the duration of terminal spike differentiation stage to flag leaf stage (P2), and vernalization effect (VEFF). Moreover, maturity date was sensitive to grain filling phase duration (P5). Yield and above-ground biomass were highly influenced by PAR before and after flag leaf stage (PARUE, PARU2), P1D, P1 and P2. Moreover, biomass was sensitive to standard kernel size (G2) and kernel number per unit canopy weight at anthesis (G1). The correlation coefficient between the Morris mean and the EFAST total sensitivity index was high, indicating that the Morris method with less computation could be used to select the sensitive model parameters. Number of references: 31 Main heading: Sensitivity analysis Controlled terms: Biomass - Crops - Plants (botany) Uncontrolled terms: Above ground biomass - Accumulated temperatures - Correlation coefficient - Crop model - Fourier amplitude sensitivity tests - Global sensitivity analysis - Parameter sensitivity analysis - Topdown Classification code: 461.9 Biology - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921 Mathematics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.020 Database: Compendex 29. Accession number: 201446200302 Title: Non-destructive moisture detector for plant leaves based on capacitance Authors: Guo, Wenchuan1 ; Liu, Dongxue1 ; Zhou, Chaochao1 ; Han, Wenting2, 3 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling; Shaanxi, China 2 Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Northwest A and F University, Yangling; Shaanxi, China 3 Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A and F University, Yangling; Shaanxi, China Corresponding author: Han, Wenting Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 288-293 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: To realize precise and non-destructive determination on moisture content of plant leaves, a moisture detector based on leaf capacitance was designed. Circular parallel plate capacitor was used to detect capacitance values of plant leaves, FSR402 pressure sensor was used to detect pressure on plant leaves given by circular parallel plates, and MSP430 single-chip microcomputer was used as micro-controller. Maize leaves were used as samples to study the influence of moisture content and pressure on obtained capacitance values, and the best pressure for maize leaves' capacitance determination was obtained. The model describing the relationship between capacitance and moisture content of maize leaves at the best pressure was established and verified. The results showed that the capacitance values of maize leaves increased with moisture content and pressure. The best pressure for obtaining capacitance values of maize leaves was 4 N. The running test indicated that the absolute measurement error of the designed detector for moisture content of maize leaves was -1.2%~1.7% in wet basis when the moisture content was between 55% and 80%, and the response time was within 3 s at oscillation frequency of 8 MHz. Number of references: 20 Main heading: Moisture determination Controlled terms: Capacitance - Detectors - Moisture - Plants (botany) - Pressure Uncontrolled terms: Absolute measurements - Capacitance values - Non destructive - Oscillation frequency - Parallel plate capacitors - Parallel plates - Plant leaf - Single chip microcomputers Classification code: 461.9 Biology - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 914 Safety Engineering - 931.1 Mechanics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.045 Database: Compendex 30. Accession number: 201446200285 Title: Effects of microwave pretreatment on enzymatic saccharification and lignocellulosic structure of rice straw Authors: Ma, Huan1 ; Liu, Weiwei2, 3 ; Liu, Ping4 ; Cheng, Beijiu1 ; Zhu, Suwen1 ; Wu, Yuejin5 Author affiliation: 1 School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China 2 School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China 3 Institute of Plasmas Physics, Academia Sinica, Hefei, China 4 Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, United States 5 Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China Corresponding author: Zhu, Suwen Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 180-186 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Microwave irradiation was employed as pretreatment for rice straw. The effects of microwave on enzymatic saccarification and lignocellulosic structure of rice straw, as well as its adsorption ability of enzyme, were investigated under the optimal conditions of pretreatment. The chemical composition analysis and structural properties determination by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy further confirmed that microwave pretreatment could disrupt the silicified waxy surface, break down lignin-hemicellulose complex and partially remove silicon and lignin, which could be favorable for the enhancement of enzymatic saccharification of rice straw and reduction of its adsorption of enzymes. However, X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that microwave irradiation had no significant influence on crystalline structure of cellulose. Number of references: 39 Main heading: Microwave irradiation Controlled terms: Adsorption - Atomic force microscopy - Cellulose - Characterization - Chemical analysis - Crystal atomic structure - Enzymes - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Irradiation - Lignin - Microwaves - Saccharification - Structural properties - X ray diffraction analysis Uncontrolled terms: Adsorption ability - Chemical composition analysis - Crystalline structure - Enzymatic saccharification - Microwave pretreatment - Optimal conditions - Pre-Treatment - Rice straws Classification code: 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 951 Materials Science DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.028 Database: Compendex 31. Accession number: 201446200259 Title: Spatial structural nonlinear modeling and analysis of steering linkage Authors: Gu, Yufeng1 ; L, Pengmin1 ; Shan, Zenghai2 ; Cao, Leilei1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China 2 Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd., XCMG, Xuzhou, China Corresponding author: L, Pengmin Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 7-14 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Projection-to-plane model of the Steering linkage has low accuracy. Multi-body dynamics model is inconvenient to use complex optimization algorithm. To deal with these difficult problems, a spatial structural nonlinear modeling of the steering linkage in an 8×4 type heavy duty truck was developed using the rotation vector method of the spatial RSSR four-rod mechanism. The steering-wheel angle was the model input, and the steering wheel deflection was the model output. The steering linkage was broken up into six spatial RSSR four-rod mechanisms according to the angular displacement transfer path. Through establishing each RSSR mechanism model and then integrating them, the angle relationship between the steering-wheel and steering wheels was acquired. The simulation and test results showed that the Ackerman deflection errors of the right steering wheels of the first and second steering axles reduced 50% and 28.6% respectively in the spatial model comparing with the projection-to-plane model. The results also showed that the maximal deflection error of the spatial model in all the steering wheels was 1.8° relative to the test results, while the error of the projection-to-plane model was 3.9°. In the whole steering-wheel angle, the spatial model had high accuracy. The spatial model described the mathematical relationship of each moving component in the steering linkage distinctly. The model may provide theoretical foundation for analyzing the moving interaction between the suspension and steering linkage and the optimal design of the steering linkage. Number of references: 18 Main heading: Computer simulation Controlled terms: Algorithms - Nonlinear systems - Optimization - Wheels Uncontrolled terms: Mathematical relationship - Multibody dynamics model - Nonlinear modeling and analysis - Rotation vector - Spatial modeling - Steering linkage - Steering wheel deflection - Theoretical foundations Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 961 Systems Science DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.002 Database: Compendex 32. Accession number: 201446200292 Title: Effects of hypobaric storage on postharvest energy metabolism in juicy peach Authors: Chen, Wenxuan1, 2 ; Song, Lili2 ; Liao, Xiaojun1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 2 Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China Corresponding author: Liao, Xiaojun Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 226-230 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The effect of hypobaric storage under different pressures on the energy metabolism of juicy peach fruit were studied. The pressures were controlled at (10±5) kPa and (80±5) kPa, respectively with air storage as control. Contents of ATP, ADP, AMP and energy charge, and the activities of mitochondria respiratory metabolism-related enzyme H -ATPase, Ca2 -ATPase, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) were determined during storage. The results indicated that the hypobaric storage significantly maintained higher H -ATPase, Ca2 -ATPase, SDH and CCO activities, and inhibited the decreases of contents of ATP and energy charge level. Hypobaric storage under (10±5) kPa pressure was more conducive to maintain energy level and the activities of mitochondria respiratory metabolism-related enzyme. These results suggested that the benefits of hypobaric storage associated with energy metabolism. Number of references: 24 Main heading: Metabolism Controlled terms: Calcium - Enzymes - Fruits - Physiology Uncontrolled terms: Air storage - Cytochrome c oxidase - Different pressures - Energy metabolism - Hypobaric storage - Juicy peach - Peach fruits - Postharvest Classification code: 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.035 Database: Compendex 33. Accession number: 201446200293 Title: Effects of different blanching ways combined with CaCl2 treatment on quality of hami melon Authors: Wen, Xin1 ; Hu, Rui2 ; Zhao, Jinhong1 ; Peng, Yu1 ; Meng, Xinxin1 ; Ni, Yuanying1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 2 Food and Drug Administration of Beijing Xicheng District, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Ni, Yuanying Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 231-237 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to explore suitable quick-frozen preprocessing techniques of hami melon (Cucumis melo var. saccharinus), hot water blanching (temperature 80, 90, 100; time 0.5~4 min), 100 steam blanching (time 0.5~4 min) and high pressure processing (pressure 100 MPa, 200 MPa, 300 MPa; time 1~9 min) were adopted to study the effect of different preprocessing ways on quality of hami melon. Futhermore, the effect of hardness maintenance in different concentrations of CaCl2 solution was evaluated. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity of hami melon extract was inhibited effectively by hot water blanching, while the hardness and vitamin C content decreased significantly with increasing temperature and time of blanching. High pressure processing at 100~300 MPa could barely suppress PPO and POD activity of hami melon, and under certain conditions the enzyme activity was even activated, meanwhile the texture was seriously damaged. Vitamin C content also decreased significantly. However, 100 steam blanching inhibited PPO and POD activity effectively and also performed better than hot water blanching and high pressure processing in keeping hami melon texture and vitamin C. Therefore, 100 steam blanching at 1 min was chosen to preprocess hami melon, and in this condition PPO and POD residual activity levels were 55.5% and 46.0% respectively. Compared with the fresh hami melon, hardness maintained 80% and vitamin C lost only 13%. On this basis, soaking in 1.0% (m/m) CaCl2 solution improved hami melon hardness and vitamin C content by 7.6% and 6.8%, respectively. Number of references: 32 Main heading: Blanching Controlled terms: Enzyme activity - Hardness - High pressure effects - Image quality - Textures - Water Uncontrolled terms: Hami melon - High pressure processing - Increasing temperatures - Peroxidase (POD) - Polyphenol oxidase - Preprocessing techniques - Residual activity - Vitamin c contents Classification code: 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 444 Water Resources - 461.9 Biology - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 933 Solid State Physics - 951 Materials Science DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.036 Database: Compendex 34. Accession number: 201446200263 Title: Position determination strategy of CNG-diesel dual-fuel single-cylinder engine based on crankshaft instantaneous speed Authors: Wang, Guiyong1 ; Hu, Hailong1 ; Bi, Yuhua1 ; Shen, Lizhong1 ; Wang, Weichao1 Author affiliation: 1 Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China Corresponding author: Wang, Guiyong Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 34-38 and 21 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Aiming at the non-electronically controlled single-cylinder diesel mainly applied for agricultural machinery, the electronically controlled CNG gas supply system was only increased to modify the engine but maintaining the original mechanical part. Theoretical analysis and experimental measurement of instantaneous speed for single-cylinder diesel were conducted. The law of single-cylinder instantaneous speed variation was summarized, and based on the law a position determination strategy was proposed. An experimental scheme for CNG-diesel dual-fuel single-cylinder diesel was designed. After implemented the strategy and CNG injection driver on microcontroller, bench tests were carried out. The results showed that position determination based on this strategy achieved good accuracy and the engine ran stably, both under stable and variable engine conditions. Number of references: 13 Main heading: Engine cylinders Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery - Crankshafts - Engines - Fuels Uncontrolled terms: CNG injection driver - Engine conditions - Experimental scheme - Gas supply system - Instantaneous speed - Mechanical parts - Position determination - Single-cylinder engines Classification code: 522 Gas Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 524 Solid Fuels - 601.2 Machine Components - 612 Engines - 612.1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Components - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.006 Database: Compendex 35. Accession number: 201446200262 Title: Measurement system of vehicle drive shaft dynamic torque based on SAW Authors: Zhang, Haitao1, 2 ; Tang, Dunbing1 ; Xu, Qin2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China 2 College of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China Corresponding author: Tang, Dunbing Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 29-33 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: This paper presents a real-time measurement method of vehicle transmission shaft dynamic torque, which was based on two single-port SAW resonators. Using three-point equidistantly and symmetrically arranged signal transceiver antenna, the diffraction of signal was eliminated. The control circuit of signal transmitting and receiving sequence was achieved with PWM signal, therefore, the hardware circuit was simplified. Modeling of SAW torque sensor measurement with frequency difference was introduced into this measurement system,, and the influence of temperature or other factors was reduced and the measuring accuracy was improved. Theoretical and experimental results were compared and the results showed good agreement and supported the validity of the SAW torque sensor model. Obtained measurement sensitivity was 1.15 kHz/(N·m), and a feasible solution for vehicle transmission shaft dynamic torque measuring was provided. Number of references: 13 Main heading: Vehicle transmissions Controlled terms: Resonators - Torque - Torque meters - Vehicles Uncontrolled terms: Dynamic measurement - Frequency differences - Measurement sensitivity - Measurement system - Measuring accuracy - Real time measurements - Signal transceivers - Signal transmitting Classification code: 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 432 Highway Transportation - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 714 Electronic Components and Tubes - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.005 Database: Compendex 36. Accession number: 201446200268 Title: Spray drift model of droplets and analysis of influencing factors based on wind tunnel Authors: Ru, Yu1 ; Zhu, Chuanyin2 ; Bao, Rui1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China 2 Second Institute of Civil Aviation Administration of China, Chengdu, China Corresponding author: Ru, Yu Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 66-72 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Aerial spraying may easily lead to loss of droplets with the wind from crosswinds and influence of spray effect. This article analyzes related factors which influence spray drift behavior, and sets up the motion equations of the droplet in three-dimensional coordinate system. A prediction model of droplet drift under crosswind condition is received so that the droplet drift distance can be predicted by calculating. Spray drift experiments are done under different flow and spray conditions by using wind tunnel with the droplet concentration testing method. Actual droplet drift distance in the wind tunnel conditions are obtained through simulation of the linear regression method. Experimental results show that as the air velocity increases, spray drift distance increases significantly, and droplets with diameters less than 200 μm under crosswind are more prone to drift. For the large droplets with diameters bigger than 250 μm, although the drift along downwind direction of the wind tunnel still happen, the drift distance is shorter since the kinetic energy of the vertical direction is relatively larger. Through analyzing and comparing droplet drift distance from prediction model with the results of calculating and estimates, it is observed that the results meet the requirements. It is concluded that the motion model of droplet as the dominant expression of spray drift behavior is feasible. Number of references: 18 Main heading: Drops Controlled terms: Air - Equations of motion - Forecasting - Kinetics - Linear regression - Mathematical models - Regression analysis - Testing - Wind tunnels Uncontrolled terms: Aerial spraying - Droplet concentration - Linear regression methods - Motion modeling - Prediction model - Spray conditions - Three dimensional coordinate system - Vertical direction Classification code: 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921 Mathematics - 921.2 Calculus - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.011 Database: Compendex 37. Accession number: 201446199811 Title: A compound control strategy combining load compensation with ADRC of electro-hydraulic position control system Authors: Gao, Bingwei1 ; Shao, Junpeng1 ; Li, Jianying1 ; Ji, Yajuan1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China Corresponding author: Shao, Junpeng Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 333-339 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The electro-hydraulic position control system, which has the shortcomings of highly nonlinear, time-varying of the internal parameters and disturbance of the external load, seriously affects the static and dynamic control. In order to solve this problem, a compound control strategy combining load compensation with ADRC (auto disturbance rejection controller) was put forward, and the working principle of the composite control strategy was given in this paper. ADRC controller was designed, and the extended state observer was used for observing internal parameters uncertainties and external disturbances, so that the disturbance of the system is suppressed effectively. Load compensation controllerwas designed and the compensation model was derived. They further weakened the adverse effects on the system due to the changes in the external load, and improved the position control accuracy of the system. The composite control strategy was verified on the simulation in Matlab and semi-physical simulation platform, respectively. And the simulation and experimental results show that the electro-hydraulic position control system with ADRC controller could effectively inhibit the interference of external disturbances, and the precise positioning control was realized after introducing the load compensation controller. And then the efficiency of the method presented was verified through simulations. Number of references: 15 Main heading: Position control Controlled terms: Control systems - Controllers - Disturbance rejection - MATLAB Uncontrolled terms: Auto disturbance rejection controllers - Compensation modeling - Composite control strategy - Electro-hydraulics - Extended state observer - External disturbances - Load compensation - Semi-physical simulations Classification code: 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 732 Control Devices - 732.1 Control Equipment - 921 Mathematics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.052 Database: Compendex 38. Accession number: 201446200286 Title: Process modeling and parameter optimization of straw briquetting machine with vertical circular mould Authors: Cong, Hongbin1 ; Zhao, Lixin1 ; Meng, Haibo1 ; Yao, Zonglu1 ; Huo, Lili1 ; Zhang, Yan1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Yao, Zonglu Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 187-193 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: It can provide a theoretical basis for quantitatively analyzing the force on mechanism and energy consumption to build model of material molding process for vertical circular mould straw briquetting machine. On the basis of analysis on structure and working principle of core work unit on vertical circular mould straw briquetting machine, the models of forces on roller and molding energy consumption are established, and the load distribution curves and molding energy consumption curves are drawn under different technical parameters, and finally, the optimization method of technical parameters is proposed. Theoretical analysis results show that the eccentric design of molding hole can improve load distribution of the rollers, and reduce the energy consumption per ton of material. The eccentric angle of molding hole is related to the friction coefficient between equipment and materials as well as diameter ratio of roller to circular mould. The optimal eccentric angle of molding hole is greater when the friction coefficient between equipment and materials and diameter ratio of roller to circular mould are greater. The eccentric design of molding hole can reduce energy consumption from 0.29% to 3.58%. Finally, through the device comparison test, the above conclusions are confirmed. The research provides a theoretical reference for the design of key technical parameters. Number of references: 13 Main heading: Molding Controlled terms: Briquetting - Curve fitting - Design - Energy utilization - Friction - Molds - Rollers (machine components) - Straw Uncontrolled terms: Forces - Forming mechanism - Friction coefficients - Load distributions - Optimization method - Parameter optimization - Process Modeling - Reduce energy consumption Classification code: 408 Structural Design - 524 Solid Fuels - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 535.2 Metal Forming - 601.2 Machine Components - 816.2 Plants and Machinery for Plastics and Other Polymers - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.029 Database: Compendex 39. Accession number: 201446200304 Title: Multiple attribute constraint and nearest-neighbour provincial summary method for farmland quality database Authors: Yang, Jianyu1 ; Xiang, Qiquan1 ; Chen, Yanqing1 ; Zhu, Dehai1 ; Zhang, Chao1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Yang, Jianyu Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 300-306 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: An important part in farmland quality evaluation is summarizing the county-level results into provincial result. As the foundation of the national summary, the summary accuracy directly affects the distribution of the national farmland land quality. Because of the summary base map lags behind, a method was proposed for quickly updating summary base map. Meanwhile, the multiple attribute constraint and nearest-neighbour provincial summary method for farmland quality database was proposed, then the summary software was developed for automating provincial summary. Daxing district of Beijing was taken as an example, then the rationality of summary base map process was analyzed and the distribution of farmland land quality before and after summarizing was compared by the standard distance, mean center and standard deviation ellipse indexes. Results showed that except grade 16, the standard distance reduced after summarizing, which meant that the summary result was more gathered than the county level and the process of summary base map was reasonable. Furthermore, by comparing the mean centre and the directional distribution before and after summarizing, the distribution of farmland quality almost had no change, which indicated that the spatial distributions of the province and county farmland quality were in highly consistent. Number of references: 17 Main heading: Farms Controlled terms: Quality control Uncontrolled terms: Directional distributions - Farmland qualities - Land evaluation - Multiple attributes - Provincial summary - Retrospective analysis - Spatial join - Standard deviation Classification code: 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.047 Database: Compendex 40. Accession number: 201446200287 Title: Nitrogen source utilization of photosynthetic bacteria in process of hydrogen production Authors: Wang, Yi1 ; Zhou, Xuehua1 ; Zhang, Zhiping1 ; Zhang, Quanguo1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China Corresponding author: Zhang, Quanguo Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 194-199 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The mixed culture of photosynthetic bacterial was screened from activated sludge to carry out the experiment of hydrogen production. The effect of different nitrogen sources on the growth and hydrogen production of photosynthetic bacteria was studied, and the utilization pattern of nitrogen source in the process of hydrogen production by photosynthetic bacterial was also analysed. The results showed that: the photosynthetic bacteria had a significant selectivity in the process of growth to utilize nitrogen source. Inorganic nitrogen sources, especially ammonium salts was the most vulnerable to be used by photosynthetic bacteria, and organic nitrogen sources followed. Using (NH4)2SO4 as nitrogen source for growth, the best added concentration was obtined, which was 7 mmol/L. The maximum utilization appeared in 24~48 h of cultivated time, and the top consumption rate was 0.105 mmol/L. The impact of different nitrogen type on photosynthetic hydrogen production was not significant and the organic nitrogen was slighely better than inorganic nitrogen. When photosynthetic bacteria utilized (NH4)2SO4 as nitrogen source for hydrogen production and the added concentration was set as 3.5 mmol/L, the photosynthetic bacteria showed better activity of hydrogen production. The nitrogen source was only consumed during 0~48 h in the process of hydrogen production, and the cell no longer utilized the nitrogen source once the cell went into the period of hydrogen-producing peak. Number of references: 20 Main heading: Hydrogen production Controlled terms: Bacteria - Experiments - Nitrogen - Salts Uncontrolled terms: Mixed cultures - Nitrogen sources - Organic nitrogen sources - Photosynthetic bacterial - Photosynthetic bacterias - Photosynthetic hydrogen productions - Photosynthetic hydrogen produnction - Utilization patterns Classification code: 461.9 Biology - 522 Gas Fuels - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 901.3 Engineering Research DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.030 Database: Compendex 41. Accession number: 201446200272 Title: 1ZQHF-350/5 hang combined cultivating machine with front-stubble-breaking, post-subsoil and rotary-tilling equipment Authors: Zhao, Dayong1 ; Li, Lianhao2 ; Xu, Chunlin1 ; Zhang, Chengliang1 ; Li, Xiangjun1 ; Li, Mingjin1 Author affiliation: 1 Harbin Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute, Harbin, China 2 College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China Corresponding author: Xu, Chunlin Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 92-96 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: In order to reduce the working resistance of soil compaction and the problem of tractor tire caused by crop stubble, a kind of cultivating combined front-stubble-breaking, post-subsoil and rear-rotary-tilling was design based on single and combined work of cultivating machines, and the field test was carried out. The experimental results showed that 1ZQHF-350/5 front-stubble-breaking, post-subsoil and rear-rotary-tilling combined cultivating could enhance the stability of the tractor. The energy saving was about 6.2% and the ratios of pulverizing soil and stubble-breaking were improved above 2.3% and 5.8%, respectively. The problems and measures were analyzed in the process of application and promotion, which provided reference for study of large agricultural implements. Number of references: 11 Main heading: Agricultural machinery Controlled terms: Agricultural implements - Automobile testing - Design - Soil mechanics - Soils - Testing - Tractors (truck) Uncontrolled terms: Field test - Front-stubble-breaking - Post-subsoil - Rear-rotary-tilling - Soil compaction Classification code: 408 Structural Design - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles - 663 Buses, Tractors and Trucks - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.015 Database: Compendex 42. Accession number: 201446200280 Title: Pedo-transfer function for saturated hydraulic conductivity of agricultural soil based on cross-validation Authors: Sun, Mei1 ; Zhang, Xiaolin1 ; Feng, Shaoyuan2 ; Huo, Zailin1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 2 College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China Corresponding author: Huo, Zailin Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 147-152 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Based on the sample data of agricultural soil profile, the locally-developed pedo-transfer function (PTF) of agricultural soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) in Daxing district was established using multiple regression with the independent variables, including constant and the monomials with variables of Si content, Cl content, and organic matter content. The PTF was validated simultaneously using multi-fold cross-validation method. The performance of Daxing District PTF built in this paper was compared with other three existing PTFs in predicting Ks. The PTF from this study was used in regional prediction of Ks in depth of 0~80 cm. The results showed that the root-mean-square error, average absolute relative error, and coefficient of determination of multiple regression function for predicting Ks in depth of 0~100 cm were 40.525 cm/d, 204.738%, 0.544, respectively, which were much lower than that of other three PTFs. The Ks was of great spatial variability in the top layer soil of 0~20 cm, and was relative small along the Yongding River in the north and southwest of Daxing district. The PTF from this study also performed well in the characterization of layered Cl loam in depth of 60~80 cm in Caiyu. It can be used in regional evaluation of Ks in Daxing district. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Transfer functions Controlled terms: Agriculture - Forecasting - Hydraulic conductivity - Regression analysis - Soils Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural soils - Cross validation - Multiple regressions - Pedo-transfer functions - Saturated hydraulic conductivity Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.023 Database: Compendex 43. Accession number: 201446200299 Title: Poplar branch and trunk modeling based on Levenberg-Marquardt Authors: Hu, Chunhua1 ; Li, Pingping2 ; Zhu, Yongli2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China 2 College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China Corresponding author: Hu, Chunhua Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 272-276 and 271 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The improved Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to estimate the parameters of poplar branch and trunk modeling. To achieve a dynamic three-dimensional visualization of poplar, amount of diameters were obtained by measuring different poplars forest age. According to the growth trend of diameters, the function of diameter growth was built using the improved Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. A class of heart-shaped curve equation was proposed, and the relationship function between the main branch length and the depth of the sticks was obtained using the improved Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. A lot of comparison experiments were carried out, and the results demonstrated that the fitting algorithms and mathematical models selected could better simulate the growth of poplar branches. The three-dimensional visualization of poplar was realized with dynamic simulation equation, and the results validated the effectiveness of poplar growth modeling. Number of references: 18 Main heading: Three dimensional computer graphics Controlled terms: Algorithms - Computer simulation - Forestry - Mathematical models - Visualization Uncontrolled terms: 3D visualization model - Fitting algorithms - Levenberg-Marquardt - Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm - Model-based OPC - Poplar - Simulation equations - Three dimensional visualization Classification code: 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.042 Database: Compendex 44. Accession number: 201446200276 Title: Effects of different pretreated straw on soil water content and water consumption characteristics of winter wheat Authors: Yu, Kun1 ; Feng, Hao1, 2 ; Li, Zhengpeng1 ; Wang, Zengli3 Author affiliation: 1 Chinese National Academy of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Region, Northwest A and F University, Yangling; Shannxi, China 2 Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; Shannxi, China 3 Wuwei Integrated Service Centre on Water Conservancy Technologies of China, Wuwei, China Corresponding author: Feng, Hao Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 116-123 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Two-year (2011-2013) field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of straw pretreatment (comminuted or ammoniated) on soil moisture dynamics (0~100 cm depth) in the whole growth period of winter wheat, crop water consumption, water use efficiency (WUE) and precipitation use efficiency (PUE). The results showed that the changes in soil water storage (0~100 cm depth) under all experimental treatments were similar in the whole winter wheat growing period in 2 -consecutive-year. The ammoniated straw application increased soil water storage (0~100 cm depth) by 4.95% and 1.82% at the maturity stage significantly in two years respectively more than conventional straw mulching, and by 4.24% and 1.75% more than unammoniated straw application. In terms of crop water consumption, conventional straw mulching, compared with conventional straw incorporation, effectively reduced the total water consumption in the growing periods of winter wheat. In addition, the comminuted-ammoniated straw application, compared with unammoniated straw application, also observably reduced the total water consumption at the late growth stage of winter wheat, which promoted the use of irrigation and precipitation by winter wheat. Pretreatment (comminuted-ammoniated) straw application, compared with conventional straw mulching, significantly increased the grain yield of winter wheat by 9.07% and 11.42% in 2 years respectively, which improved winter wheat WUE and PUE significantly as well. Number of references: 28 Main heading: Crops Controlled terms: Cultivation - Precipitation (chemical) - Soil moisture - Soils - Straw - Water supply Uncontrolled terms: Ammoniated - Comminuted - Soil water storage - Water consumption - Winter wheat Classification code: 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.019 Database: Compendex 45. Accession number: 201446199810 Title: Leakage mechanism of screw pump based on leakage model in fluid mechanics Authors: Zhang, Yuanxun1 ; Tang, Qian2 ; Li, Zhonghua2 ; Yan, Di2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China Corresponding author: Tang, Qian Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 326-332 and 339 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Clearance leakage is the main cause of pump leakage. Aiming at the design and control of the key clearance, which determines the performance of screw pump such as clearance of barrel wall and meshing area, the model of differential pressure flow and shear flow of clearance leakage in pump cavity is established. The mathematical expressions of leakage from different clearance are obtained by analyzing the clearance leakage of barrel wall and meshing area. The influence of the rotation speed and pressure difference between inlet and outlet on flow characteristics and volumetric efficiency characteristics of screw pump is revealed by theoretical calculation and experimental analysis of twin screw pump. Based on these results, the rotor design theory of the screw pump as well as the performance of the screw pump can be improved. Number of references: 18 Main heading: Pumps Controlled terms: Fluid mechanics - Inlet flow - Leakage (fluid) - Screw pumps - Shear flow Uncontrolled terms: Clearance - Design and control - Differential pressures - Experimental analysis - Mathematical expressions - Pressure differences - Theoretical calculations - Volumetric efficiency Classification code: 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 618.2 Pumps - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.051 Database: Compendex 46. Accession number: 201446200290 Title: Optimal sensor layout in refrigerator car based on multi-objective fuzzy matter element method Authors: Liu, Jing1 ; Zhang, Xiaoshuan2 ; Xiao, Xinqing3 ; Fu, Zetian2 Author affiliation: 1 Department of Business, Ludong University, Yantai, China 2 Food Quality and Safety Laboratory in Beijing, Beijing, China 3 Department of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Liu, Jing Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 214-219 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Multi-objective fuzzy matter element method was put forward to optimize the sensor quantity. Fuzzy matter element matrix was constructed by means of center effect measure, and the monitoring point was optimized according to the comprehensive correlative degree. Twenty-seven sensors was reduced to 7 in the refrigerator car, which reduced the costs of cold-chain transportation. The statistical analysis method and the temperature field analysis were applied to validate the rationality of the optimization algorithm. The measurement data of sensors had more than 95% of confidence level and the similarity rate of temperature field distribution between before and after optimization reached over 90%, which achieved the dual requirements of cost savings and accurate monitoring in cold chain transportation. Number of references: 16 Main heading: Refrigerators Controlled terms: Algorithms - Chains - Optimization - Refrigerator cars - Temperature - Temperature distribution Uncontrolled terms: Fuzzy matter elements - Layout optimization - Matter elements - Monitoring points - Optimization algorithms - Statistical analysis methods - Temperature field analysis - Temperature field distribution Classification code: 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.033 Database: Compendex 47. Accession number: 201446200291 Title: Water content detecting of beef based on spectral analysis and clustering analysis of PSO algorithm Authors: Tang, Ming1 ; Xu, Yang1 ; Peng, Yankun1 ; Tang, Xiuying1 ; Tian, Xiaoyu1 ; Niu, Lizhao1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Xu, Yang Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 220-225 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Total water content is an important quality attribute for consumer satisfaction, and a more accurate pre-detecting method is necessary. The conventional method of partial least squares regression (PLSR) has been widely used in meat water content forecasting. In this study, the cluster analysis of particle swarm optimization algorithm was carried out and calibrated as one of the optimization methods of PLSR with the goal of reducing computation complexity and enhancing the prediction precision. Based on the novel method above, a predicting model of beef water content was developed in wavelength range of 900~2 300 nm, and the best predicting result with Rc=0.920 5 and Rv=0.919 1 was obtained in wavebands of 900~1 400 nm. The samples used in the experiment were beef longissimus collected from the supermarket in that day, and the water contents of samples were detected according to the national standard. Spectra of samples were acquired in reflectance spectral detection system and pre-treated procedure was carried out by means of multiplication scatter correlation method before model construction. Number of references: 24 Main heading: Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Controlled terms: Algorithms - Beef - Cluster analysis - Clustering algorithms - Forecasting - Least squares approximations - Meats - Optimization - Principal component analysis - Spectrum analysis - Water content Uncontrolled terms: Clustering analysis - Computation complexity - Consumer satisfactions - Partial least square regression - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Particle swarm optimization algorithm - Prediction precision - Total water content Classification code: 444 Water Resources - 721 Computer Circuits and Logic Elements - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 822.3 Food Products - 921 Mathematics - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.034 Database: Compendex 48. Accession number: 201446200307 Title: Analysis of torque pulsation for multi-acting double-stators couple hydraulic motor Authors: Wen, Desheng1 ; Gao, Junfeng1 ; Zhou, Ruibin1 ; Liu, Zhongxun1 ; Liu, Qiaoyan1 ; Yang, Xiaoyong1 Author affiliation: 1 College of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China Corresponding author: Wen, Desheng Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 319-325 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The concept of the couple hydraulic motor is put forward, which is different from the traditional hydraulic motor. Based on the principle of the multi-acting double-stators couple hydraulic motor, the theoretical torque is studied. Through analyzing the pulsating characterize and the influencing factors of the motor, the relationship between the pulsation and the numbers of sliders is obtained. When the number of the rollers and connecting rods equals to 8 or less, the torque pulsation of the hydraulic motor consisted of the even number of the rollers and connecting rods is lower than what number is odd. When the number of the rollers and connecting rods equals to 9 or more, the torque pulsation of the hydraulic motor consisted of the odd number of the rollers and connecting rods is lower than what number is even. Finally, a theoretical basis is provided for the design and experiment of the hydraulic motor. Number of references: 19 Main heading: Hydraulic motors Controlled terms: Connecting rods - Information dissemination - Rollers (machine components) - Stators - Torque Uncontrolled terms: Differential connection - Multi-acting - Torque pulsation Classification code: 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 602 Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 705.1 Electric Machinery, General - 903.2 Information Dissemination DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.050 Database: Compendex 49. Accession number: 201446200281 Title: Application of 0-1 programming model on optimization of crop deficit irrigation schedule Authors: Mao, Xiaomin1 ; Shang, Songhao2 Author affiliation: 1 College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Mao, Xiaomin Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 153-158 and 123 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: A 0-1 programming model was proposed to optimize the deficit irrigation schedule. It is based on the concept of field water balance and the crop water production function, and introduces a 0-1 variable to describe the irrigation decision in possible irrigation periods. Microsoft Excel solver is applied for finding the solution. This model was applied in the irrigation schedule optimization of winter wheat in Xiaohe irrigation district in Shanxi Province. The result compares well with a previous developed simulation based optimization model, while the present model is much simpler in the solving procedure. Results demonstrate that the key period for winter wheat irrigation is the later jointing stage in early May. If the initial soil water content is low, the suitable irrigation time should be earlier in order to achieve higher crop yield. The evapotranspiration and relative crop yield increase with the irrigation volume, while the marginal yield decreases with the irrigation volume. Number of references: 18 Main heading: Irrigation Controlled terms: Agriculture - Computer simulation - Crops - Optimization - Soil moisture Uncontrolled terms: 0-1 programming - Crop water production function - Deficit irrigation - Irrigation districts - Irrigation schedule - Simulation-based optimizations - Solving procedure - Water balance Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.024 Database: Compendex 50. Accession number: 201446200295 Title: Review of monitoring technology for animal individual in animal husbandry Authors: Shen, Mingxia1 ; Liu, Longshen1 ; Yan, Li1 ; Lu, Mingzhou1 ; Yao, Wen2 ; Yang, Xiaojing3 Author affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Modern Facility Agriculture Technology and Equipment Engineering in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China 2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China 3 Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China Corresponding author: Shen, Mingxia Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 245-251 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The information of individual animal husbandry mainly includes estrus information, delivery information, behavior information, weight information and health information. Automatic and intensive farming is the development trend of husbandry, and accurately and efficiently monitoring individual animal information is useful for analyzing animal physiology, health and welfare, and the foundation of automated health farming and meat traceability. At present, the method of monitoring the information of individual animal husbandry in China mainly relies on the artificial observation, which has the shortage of strong subjectivity and time-consuming. The present study and application of some key technologies, including estrus information, delivery information, behavior information, weight information and health information, and monitoring of the animal husbandry information, are discussed. The research direction of the intelligent technology for individual animal husbandry information monitoring in the future is put forward. Number of references: 53 Main heading: Animals Controlled terms: Agriculture - Health - Monitoring Uncontrolled terms: Animal husbandry - Animal welfare - Healthy breeding - Individual monitoring - Information monitoring - Intelligent technology - Monitoring technologies - Study and applications Classification code: 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 914.3 Industrial Hygiene - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.038 Database: Compendex 51. Accession number: 201446200284 Title: Experimental investigation of biomass gasification in a pilot-scale fluidized bed gasifier Authors: Pan, Xianqi1 ; Su, Deren1 ; Zhou, Zhaoqiu1 ; Liu, Huacai1 ; Yin, Xiuli1 ; Wu, Chuangzhi1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China Corresponding author: Yin, Xiuli Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 175-179 and 287 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: The effects of equivalence ratio (RER) and steam/biomass (S/B) ratio on gasification performances such as temperature distribution, gas composition and gasification stability were investigated in a pilot-scale fluidized bed gasifier with different feedstocks (sawdust, rice husk, wood pellet and straw pellet). The results showed that typical product gas percentage components from gasification were as follows: H2 27.1%~30.4%, CO 29.7%~32.6%, CO2 25.3%~27.9%, CH4 4.9%~5.8%. The uniformity of temperature distribution increased with RER and S/B ratio. More uniform temperature distribution was obtained in the case of sawdust and rice husk gasification. In the downstream direction of the dense phase zone, H2 and CO increased significantly whereas CO2 and O2 decreased considerably. In the dilute phase zone, the components of product gas varted slightly. Increasing the moisture content of sawdust will deteriorate the gasification stability. An abrupt increase of temperature in the bottom of gasifier was observed during the rice husk gasification. A consistent increase of temperature drop and pressure drop was observed in the dense phase zone in the case of wood pellet and straw pellet gasification. Number of references: 23 Main heading: Gasification Controlled terms: Biomass - Carbon dioxide - Drops - Fluidization - Fluidized beds - Pelletizing - Pilot plants - Temperature distribution Uncontrolled terms: Biomass Gasification - Dilute phase - Equivalence ratios - Experimental investigations - Fluidized bed gasifiers - Gas compositions - Pilot scale - Temperature drops Classification code: 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.027 Database: Compendex 52. Accession number: 201446200270 Title: Numerical simulation of internal flow field in centrifugal fan with double outlet and multi-duct Authors: Xu, Lizhang1 ; Yu, Lijuan1 ; Li, Yaoming1 ; Ma, Zheng1 ; Wang, Chenghong1 Author affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China Corresponding author: Xu, Lizhang Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 78-86 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Centrifugal fan is one of the important parts of the combine harvester, and study on its internal flow field distribution is of great importance for the structural design of the fan. Single duct centrifugal fan is commonly used in air-and-screen cleaning device of the existing full-feed rice combine. And it has the problems of unstable internal flow field, uneven outlet velocity and fast wind speed attenuation. In order to solve those problems, the channel model of the fan was established by using Solidworks software. Meshing it with ICEM software and simulating it in Fluent software, the internal flow field in centrifugal fan was simulated. The results showed that the wind speed at upper outlet and external rim of impeller was larger, and the pressure of impeller runner increased along radial direction. The wind speed of lower outlet I and II and III increased successively, and the decline rate decreased, which was useful for the air flow covering the whole sifter. Transverse air flow was nearly layered distribution on the upper outlet. Transverse air flow of middle outlet among three lower outlets was the largest, and that of other two outlets were symmetric. Maximum value of wind speed, air quantity and pressure of upper outlet and lower outlet II and III increased with fan speed increasing. Maximum value of each outlet's air quantity and wind speed decreased with inlet diameter decreasing and the change of lower outlet I was more obvious. Variation of upper and lower separating board angle had a great change on wind speed and air quantity of lower outlet. The research of this paper provides basis for designing double outlet and multi-duct centrifugal fan. Number of references: 17 Main heading: Ducts Controlled terms: Air - Air cleaners - Computer simulation - Fans - Flow fields - Harvesters - Impellers - Numerical models - Speed - Structural design - Wind Uncontrolled terms: Centrifugal fans - Combine harvesters - Double outlet - Internal flow field - Outlet velocities - Radial direction - Screen cleaning - Solidworks software Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 601.2 Machine Components - 618.3 Blowers and Fans - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921 Mathematics - 931.1 Mechanics DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.013 Database: Compendex 53. Accession number: 201446200283 Title: Effects of long-term different fertilization on soil aggregates and organic carbon fractions on sloping upland of purple soil Authors: Hua, Keke1 ; Zhu, Bo2 ; Yang, Xiaolin3 ; Wang, Xiaoguo2 Author affiliation: 1 Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China 2 Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, China 3 Safety and Emergency Management Research Center, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China Corresponding author: Zhu, Bo Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao Volume: 45 Issue: 10 Issue date: October 25, 2014 Publication year: 2014 Pages: 167-174 Language: Chinese ISSN: 10001298 CODEN: NUYCA3 Document type: Journal article (JA) Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery Abstract: Long-term fertilization has a significant impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock. However, fertilization impact on physical fractions of SOC is still poorly understood on sloping upland of purple soil in the central Sichuan Basin, southwestern China. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of long-term different fertilization on soil aggregates distribution and its organic carbon factions under an intensive wheat (Triticum Aestivium L.)-maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system through four fertilization treatments, no fertilizer (CK), applied mineral fertilizer (NPK), pig manure matched with mineral fertilizer (OMNPK), and crop straw residue matched with mineral fertilizer (RSDNPK). Soil samples from 0~20 cm soil layer were separated into four soil aggregations (>2 mm large macroaggregates-LM, 0.25~2 mm small macroaggregates-SM, <0.25 mm microaggregates-M and <0.053 mm slit-clay microaggregates-SC) by using wet sieving method. LM and SM were further separated into particulate organic matter (POM), microaggregates (mM) and the silt-plus-clay fraction (SC). The results showed that the mass percent, organic carbon content and contribution of LM and SM under organic amendments combined with mineral fertilizer (OMNPK and RSDNPK) were significantly increased compared with NPK treatment, indicating that SOC was enriching towards larger soil aggregates under long-term application of organic fertilizer. Furthermore, organic carbon content and storage of POM, mM and SC in large aggregates were significantly enhanced by OMNPK and RSDNPK treatment. In comparison with NPK treatment, OMNPK and RSDNPK treatments significantly increased contributions of POM while decreased contribution of SC in large soil aggregates. The results also showed that it was greatly helpful to enhance POM sequestration and accumulation in large aggregates by long-term application of organic fertilizer. Additionally, the soil organic carbon storage in the whole soil and larger aggregates were dominated by SC fraction, which was helpful to enhance organic carbon sequestration, especially for crop straw return practice on sloping upland of purple soil. Number of references: 27 Main heading: Soils Controlled terms: Aggregates - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Carbon - Carbon capture - Crops - Fertilizers - Forestry - Grain (agricultural product) - Landforms - Minerals - Organic carbon - Organic compounds Uncontrolled terms: Long-term fertilization - Particulate organic matters - Purple soils - Sloping upland - Soil aggregate Classification code: 406 Highway Engineering - 454 Environmental Engineering - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.1 Geology - 481.2 Geochemistry - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.026 Database: Compendex
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