A bamboo shoots peeling machine with rolling friction feeding based on knife-cutting method was designed according to the low degree of mechanization of bamboo shoots peeling in China. Based on the physical characteristic parameters of bamboo shoots and the principle of artificial bamboo shoots peeling, the force and movement analysis in the peeling process were described in detail, and the main factors affecting peeling efficiency, damage rate, no-hell rate were identified as the blade installation angle, the rotation speed of the peeling roller, the axis height difference between the roller and the peeling roller. On this basis, the design principle of the key components and the bamboo shoots peeling machine were given. In order to obtain the best experimental materials for the prototype experiment, single factor experiment was carried out with the length and base diameter of bamboo shoots as experimental factors, and the length from 300mm to 320mm and the base diameter from 29mm to 32mm were selected as orthogonal experimental materials samples for the bamboo shoots peeling machine. The Design-Expert software was used to design the orthogonal experiment and determine the optimal parameter combination of peeling quality according to the actual work situation. The results showed that when the blade installation angle was 30.12°, the rotation speed of the peeling roller was 229.18r/min, the axis height difference between the roller and the peeling roller was 15.43mm, the damage rate of bamboo shoots was 6.81%, and the no-shell rate was 94.59%. The verification experiment was carried out under these conditions, and the results showed that the damage rate and no-shell rate were 7.10% and 93.22%, respectively, which were basically consistent with the optimized parameters. This product can meet the requirements of bamboo shoots peeling.