The coordinated development of land intensive use and urbanization plays an important role in promoting economic development. In order to explore the coupling and coordination relationship between land intensive use and urbanization and promote their coordinated development, the performance evaluation index system of land intensive use and urbanization was constructed respectively, and the evaluation index system of coordinated development of land intensive use and urbanization was established on the basis. The land intensive use performance evaluation index system included four subsystems: economic performance, social performance, ecological performance and management performance, and the index system of urbanization performance evaluation included four subsystems: population urbanization, economic urbanization, social urbanization and ecological urbanization. Anhui Province was taken as an example. The TOPSIS model was used to evaluate the performance levels of land intensive use and urbanization in Anhui Province from 2000 to 2017, and the performance levels of both and the variation trends of their subsystems were studied. Then, by using the coupling degree and coordination degree model and based on the value change of coupling effect coefficient, the relationship between land intensive use and coordinated development of urbanization in Anhui Province was discussed under different circumstances and the change trend. Finally, the obstacle degree model was used to diagnose the obstacle factors that affected the coordinated development of land intensive use and urbanization in Anhui Province. It was found that from 2000 to 2017, both land intensive use and urbanization in Anhui Province were increased year by year, and the trend was steady and steady. The performance level of land intensive use in Anhui Province was increased from 0.0536 in 2000 to 0.9587 in 2017, with an average annual growth rate of 18.49%, and it experienced the development process of poor performance (2000—2006), intermediate performance (2007—2010), good performance (2011—2014) and high performance (2015—2017); the urbanization level of Anhui Province was increased from 0.2715 to 0.8180, with an average annual growth rate of 6.70%, and experienced a development process from poor performance (2000-2011) to intermediate performance (2012—2017). From the perspective of each subsystem of land intensive use, the subsystem of economic performance made the largest contribution to land intensive use, while the subsystem of ecological performance made the smallest contribution to land intensive use, with weights of 0.3526 and 0.1308 respectively, and from the perspective of each subsystem of urbanization, the economic urbanization subsystem had the greatest impact on the urbanization level, while the ecological urbanization subsystem had the least impact on the urbanization level, with weights of 0.4160 and 0.1377 respectively. In the case of different values of coupling effect coefficient, the change trend of the relationship between land intensive use and coordinated development of urbanization in Anhui Province was slightly different from that in 2005 and 2012, but the trend and type of coordinated development in the other 16 years were completely the same, and the influence of coupling effect coefficient on the relationship between the two was very limited. From 2000 to 2017, the coordinated development degree of land intensive use and urbanization in Anhui Province was increased year by year, which experienced the unbalanced recession stage (2000—2001), low coordination stage (2002—2005), moderate coordination stage (2006—2012) and high coordination stage (2013—2017). From the perspective of the obstacle degree of each subsystem, the economic subsystem of land intensive use had the greatest impact on the coordinated development of land intensive use and urbanization in Anhui Province, with an average annual obstacle degree of 16.48%, the subsystem of ecological urbanization had the least impact on the coordinated development of the two, with an average annual barrier of 6.60%. From the perspective of the obstacle degree of each indicator, the obstacle factors affecting the coordinated development of the two mainly include peoples living standard, per capita fiscal income and per capita GDP in 2011 and before, and in 2012 and after, the obstacles affecting the coordinated development of the two mainly include the gap of per capita disposable income between urban and rural areas and the density of urban population. From the perspective of the first five obstacle factors in each year, according to the impact of various indicators on the coordinated development of land intensive use and urbanization, it can be divided into two stages: the first stage (2000—2013) focused on the impact of land intensive use, and the second stage (2014—2017) focused on the impact of urbanization. The research results provided new ideas and methods for studying and judging the coordinated development level and obstacle factors of land intensive use and urbanization, so as to promote the coordinated development of land intensive use and urbanization in Anhui Province and other similar provinces. 