With the aim to improve the production efficiency of paddy rice in double cropping area in south China, the panel data of cost and profit from 1995 to 2010 was analyzed. Total factor productivity, technical progress rate and technical efficiency was calculated and their time series characteristics were analyzed. The result showed that the total factor productivity was observed with a constant decline from 2004 to 2010, which was mainly caused by technical progress decline. The result also showed that the total factor productivity in double cropping area was much lower than that in Heilongjiang and Jiangsu Province, and there was significant variation between provinces and autonomous regions. Strengthening adaptability and advancement of paddy rice production technologies, promoting the innovation of management and mechanism, and narrowing the gap between provinces are key countermeasures to improve the capability of paddy rice production efficiency.