Aiming at the instability issue of seed transportation under high-speed seeding operations, a wheel-type seed guide device was proposed. Using a high-speed precision seed-metering device for maize as the test platform, the operational principle of this guide device was elucidated. Furthermore, the mechanism affecting seeding performance was systematically analyzed through kinematic modeling and discrete element simulations. In a single-factor test, the effects of the circle centre angle of the constrained transport arc surface at the base of the wheel-type seed guide device and the rotational speed of the seed guide wheel on the seed metering performance were investigated. High speed camera technology was used to analyze the trajectories and discharge velocity of maize seeds at various levels of factors. The findings demonstrated that an elevation in the circle centre angle of the constraint transport arc surface enhanced the stability of maize seed discharge, resulting in a more uniform discharge velocity. A multi-factor test was used to determine the optimum operating parameters of the wheel-type seed guide device. The optimal parameters were determined to be a circle centre angle of the constraint transport arc surface of 65° and the seed guide wheel rotational speed of 120r/min. Multi-factor test results indicated that the qualified rate was 98.35%, the coefficient of variation was 8.13%, the multiple rate was 1.18%, and the miss rate was 0.47% under the optimal operating condition. This research can provide a reference for the investigation and development of the mechanical seed guide device, and also a reference for investigating the mechanism for improving high-speed seed metering performance.