Aiming at the lack of internal bonding parameters of garlic species when using the discrete element method for the simulation and analysis of garlic precision sowing and harvesting and other key operational processes, Pizhou white garlic was selected as the research object, and a discrete element flexible model of crushable garlic species was established by using the EDEM software, and the bonding parameters of the species were calibrated. Taking the critical crushing load (105.5 N) and displacement (4.7mm) of the processed garlic species pieces without skin as the reference basis, the significance screening and optimization searching of the discrete element model of garlic species were carried out by Plackett-Burman, the steepest climb test and Box-Behnken test. The results showed that the optimal parameter combinations of normal stiffness per unit area, tangential stiffness, normal strength, shear strength and adhesion radius ratio were 5.115×108N/m3, 2.3×107N/m3, 1.265×106Pa, 54454.594Pa, and 1.716, respectively. At this time, the critical crushing load and displacement of simulated non-peeled garlic species pieces were 116.6N and 5.13mm, with the previous test without skinned garlic species, the error was 9.5% and 12.7%, and with the test with skinned garlic species (critical crushing load and displacement of 107.5N and 4.8mm, respectively), the error was 7.8% and 7.4%, which verified the accuracy of the model. The establishment of the discrete element model of garlic species can provide a reference for the subsequent vibratory species filling force analysis and attitude adjustment.