根区多点微灌水分靶向驱动云南澳洲坚果树幼苗根系形态重塑技术策略
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国家自然科学基金项目(32260438、32160425)、云南省重大科技专项(202502AE090042)、云南省农业基础研究联合专项(202301BD070001-107)和云南省作物生产与智慧农业重点实验室开放基金项目(2024ZHNY06)


Strategy for Moisture Targeted Driven Reshaping of Root Morphology in Yunnan Macadamia Seedlings via Multi-point Root-zone Micro-irrigation
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    摘要:

    根区多点微灌(MRMI)技术在浅根型作物和土壤持水性良好的灌溉场景具有潜在优势,尤其适用于精细化水分管理。本文针对原生澳洲坚果树低磷策略下形成的浅根型抗逆性弱难题,基于云南地区红壤持水性强的特性,提出一种空间4点源微灌水分靶向驱动根系形态重塑技术策略,并验证了其对幼苗根系形态差异化再塑的有效性。田间大棚试验结果表明:在时序差异化灌溉制度(日灌水总量:0~4个月为1.08 mm、5~8个月为0.83 mm、9~12个月为0.58 mm)调控下,MRMI根区土壤含水率与地表滴灌(SDI)均呈现土壤水分的垂向梯度分布,但MRMI较SDI的水分梯度变化更为稳定与集中,且在日灌水总量1.08 mm和0.83 mm下的中深层(20~40 cm)均形成适宜土壤含水率区间(0.30~0.35 cm3/cm3),在日灌水总量0.58 mm下的40 cm土层稳定处于适宜含水率区间,可有效形成根系中层水平扩展、深层垂向深扎的水分驱动条件;第12个月的根系样本指标显示,MRMI较SDI浅层和深层各项指标均达到极显著差异(p<0.01),中层根长密度(RLD)和根体积(RV)达到显著差异(p<0.05),MRMI较SDI的根系样本水平扩展幅度减少17.95%,垂向深度增加23.53%,呈现水平适度扩展,垂向显著深扎的多层级近钟罩形根系演化趋势,有助于提升根系吸收土壤水分和养分的双重潜力。本研究从灌溉技术角度提供了一种突破作物根系形态缺陷的新路径,也为浅根稀植型作物的抗逆培育提供了新思路。

    Abstract:

    Multi-point root zone micro-irrigation (MRMI) is a promising technology for precision water management, particularly for shallow-rooted crops in soils with high water-holding capacity. Aiming to address the weak stress tolerance of shallow root systems in native macadamia trees, a condition resulting from low-phosphorus strategies. By utilizing the high water-holding capacity of Yunnan red soil, a targeted, 4-point spatial micro-irrigation strategy was proposed and validated to steer and remodel root morphology in seedlings. Field greenhouse experiments indicated that under a time-differentiated irrigation regime (The total daily irrigation amounts were 1.08 mm, 0.83 mm, and 0.58 mm for months of 0~4, 5~8, and 9~12, respectively.), both MRMI and surface drip irrigation (SDI) created vertical soil moisture gradients. However, the gradients under MRMI were more stable and concentrated. At 1.08 mm and 0.83 mm application rates, MRMI established a suitable soil moisture range (0.30~0.35 cm3/cm3) in the middle and deep layers (20~40 cm). At the 0.58 mm rate, the 40 cm soil layer also remained consistently within this range, thereby creating effective moisture-driven conditions for horizontal expansion and deep vertical penetration of the roots. At the 12th month, root sample metrics showed that indicators for MRMI in the shallow and deep layers were significantly different from those for SDI (p<0.01), while root length density (RLD) and root volume (RV) in the middle layer showed significant differences (p<0.05). Compared with SDI, MRMI reduced the horizontal spread of the root system by 17.95% while increasing its vertical penetration depth by 23.53%. This fostered the evolution of a multi-tiered, near-bell-shaped root architecture, characterized by moderate horizontal spread and significant vertical penetration, which enhanced the root system’s dual capacity for absorbing both soil water and nutrients. The research presented an innovative irrigation-based strategy to overcome morphological defects in crop roots, offering new insights for cultivating stress tolerance in shallow-rooted, sparsely planted crops.

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张毅杰,钱智勇,宋泽祺,赵永梅,张志涛,孔令琼,杨振杰,杨文彩.根区多点微灌水分靶向驱动云南澳洲坚果树幼苗根系形态重塑技术策略[J].农业机械学报,2026,57(6):347-355,389. ZHANG Yijie, QIAN Zhiyong, SONG Zeqi, ZHAO Yongmei, ZHANG Zhitao, KONG Lingqiong, YANG Zhenjie, YANG Wencai. Strategy for Moisture Targeted Driven Reshaping of Root Morphology in Yunnan Macadamia Seedlings via Multi-point Root-zone Micro-irrigation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2026,57(6):347-355,389.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06
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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-04-15
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