气吸双盘组合式玉米小区排种器设计与试验
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国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2000400)


Design and Experiment of Air-suction Double Disc Combined Maize Plot Seed Meter
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    摘要:

    针对现有玉米小区排种器难以根据不同品种玉米发芽率不停机切换对应粒数播种模式的问题,本文设计了一种气吸双盘组合式玉米小区排种器,可通过改变排种盘相对位置实现播种模式切换。阐述了排种器工作原理和播种模式切换过程,通过理论分析确定了关键部件结构参数。利用Fluent软件对3种播种模式型孔负压平均值进行了分析,结果表明,3种播种模式型孔负压变化较小。利用EDEM软件明确了棘槽组合盘具有良好的扰种性能,以漏播率、重播率、合格率为评价指标,开展了不同排种器播种性能台架试验。试验结果表明,当负压大于4 kPa时,气吸双盘组合式玉米小区排种器合格率大于普通排种器。播种模式切换试验结果表明,在切换时间为1 s时,切换相邻播种模式和切换间隔播种模式排种轴最佳反转速度分别为15、26 r/min。提出的气吸双盘组合式玉米小区排种器能实现不停机切换播种模式,研究结果可为玉米小区气吸式排种器设计与优化提供参考。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to address the limitations of existing maize seeding devices, which struggle to seamlessly switch sowing modes based on the germination rates of different maize varieties, a novel air-suction maize plot seeding device with a double disc combined seeding plate was designed. This device allowed rapid switching between sowing modes by adjusting the seeding plate's position. The structure and working principle of the seed-metering device were detailed, and the key structural parameters were determined through theoretical analysis. The average negative pressure values of the holes under three sowing modes were analyzed by Fluent software, the experiment showed that there was little change in negative pressure at the hole under three sowing modes. Simulations with EDEM software confirmed that the spine-groove combination disk had good disturbance performance. A comparative bench test was conducted on the seeding performance of different seeders based on the evaluation indicators of missed sowing rate, replay rate, and qualification rate. The test results showed that with the seeding plate speed setting at 22 r/min and negative pressure greater than 4 kPa, the qualified rate of sowing double disc combined device was greater than that of conventional seeder. A sowing mode switching test was conducted for the air-suction double disc combined maize plot seeding device, with the switching state of the seeding pattern as an evaluation indicator. Tests showed that when the switching time was 1 s, the optimal switching speed of the adjacent and the interval sowing mode was 15 r/min and 26 r/min. The proposed air-suction double disc combined maize plot seeder can achieve non-stop switching of sowing modes, the research result can provide a reference for the design and optimization of air-suction seeders for maize plots.

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杨然兵,何宇鹏,陈栋泉,陈林,李国莹,查显涛.气吸双盘组合式玉米小区排种器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2026,57(6):67-77. YANG Ranbing, HE Yupeng, CHEN Dongquan, CHEN Lin, LI Guoying, ZHA Xiantao. Design and Experiment of Air-suction Double Disc Combined Maize Plot Seed Meter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2026,57(6):67-77.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-12
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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-04-15
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