茶叶包装过程实时称量系统设计与试验
CSTR:
作者:
作者单位:

作者简介:

通讯作者:

中图分类号:

基金项目:

福建省自然科学基金项目 (2025J01591)、福建省农业信息感知技术重点实验室建设项目 (KJG22052A) 和福建农林大学高EGCG茶苗快繁技术研究与推广项目 (69914001004)


Design and Experiment of Real-time Weighing for Tea Packaging System
Author:
Affiliation:

Fund Project:

  • 摘要
  • |
  • 图/表
  • |
  • 访问统计
  • |
  • 参考文献
  • |
  • 相似文献
  • |
  • 引证文献
  • |
  • 资源附件
  • |
  • 文章评论
    摘要:

    为解决茶叶包装机称量过程中因多种干扰导致的称量精度低、效率欠佳问题,本文围绕称量信号降噪与控制算法优化展开研究,提出一种融合优化卡尔曼滤波算法、三段式模糊 PD 与自适应迭代学习控制策略的综合性方法。在信号降噪方面,针对传统卡尔曼滤波在称量各阶段降噪效果不足的问题,提出分环节优化策略:动态给料环节采用指数预处理与卡尔曼滤波融合以抑制高频噪声;静态称量环节减小过程激励噪声协方差以增强滤波稳定性,并且根据状态协方差 P 的收敛程度对滤波值进行加权平均分配得到最终称量值;料斗开启环节通过调节卡尔曼增益至极值消除跟踪滞后;料斗关闭环节引入加权限制处理尖峰干扰。在控制算法方面,设计三段式模糊 PD 控制策略,将动态给料过程分为粗给料、减速给料和精给料阶段,结合模糊理论实现 PD 参数在线自整定,通过动态调整参数平衡减速阶段以完成过渡。此外,针对振动盘停止后的超调问题,在精给料阶段引入自适应迭代学习算法,通过迭代修正振动盘的提前停止量,使实际称量值更快接近期望值。试验结果表明,碧螺春绿茶与龙井绿茶的实际称量结果相对目标质量的偏差能够控制在±0.06 g 以内,而武夷岩茶则在±0.12g以内。此外,3 种茶类均能在短时间内完成称量作业,且同一目标质量下的称量时间差异可控制在±1s以内。该方法有效提升了茶叶自动称量系统的精度、效率与稳定性,为茶叶自动包装机的性能优化提供了可行方案。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to address the issues of low weighing accuracy and suboptimal efficiency caused by multiple disturbances during the weighing process of tea packaging machines, focusing on weighing signal denoising and controling algorithm optimization, a comprehensive method integrating an optimizing Kalman filter algorithm with a three-stage fuzzy PD and adaptive iterative learning control strategy was proposed. Regarding signal denoising, addressing the insufficient noise reduction effectiveness of traditional Kalman filtering across weighing stages, a phased optimization strategy was proposed: during the dynamic feeding stage, exponential preprocessing was fused with Kalman filtering to suppress highfrequency noise;during static weighing, process disturbance noise covariance was reduced to enhance filtering stability, and final weight values were obtained through weighted averaging based on the convergence degree of the state covariance matrix. In the hopper opening phase, tracking lag was eliminated by adjusting the Kalman gain to its optimum value. During hopper closing, weighted limiting was introduced to mitigate spike disturbances. Regarding the control algorithm, a three-stage fuzzy PD control strategy was designed, dividing the dynamic feeding process into coarse feeding, deceleration feeding, and fine feeding stages. Combining fuzzy theory, PD parameters were tuned online to balance the deceleration stage through dynamic parameter adjustment, facilitating a smooth transition. Furthermore, to address overshoot after the vibrating feeder stops, an adaptive iterative learning algorithm was introduced during the fine feeding stage. By iteratively adjusting the advance stop amount of the vibrating feeder, the actual weighing value converged more rapidly toward the target value. Test results showed the actual weighing deviation for Biluochun and Longjing green teas was controlled within ± 0. 06 g relative to the target mass, while Wuyi rock tea remained within ±0.12g. Moreover, all three tea types completed weighing operations within a short timeframe, with weighing time variations for identical target weights controlled within ±1s. In summary, this method effectively enhanced the precision, efficiency, and stability of the automatic tea weighing system, providing a viable solution for optimizing the performance of automatic tea packaging machines.

    参考文献
    相似文献
    引证文献
引用本文

翁海勇,黄德耀,张博昱,陆葛强,许少涵,王少峰,叶大鹏.茶叶包装过程实时称量系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2026,57(5):303-313,363. WENG Haiyong, HUANG Deyao, ZHANG Boyu, LU Geqiang, XU Shaohan, WANG Shaofeng, YE Dapeng. Design and Experiment of Real-time Weighing for Tea Packaging System[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2026,57(5):303-313,363.

复制
分享
相关视频

文章指标
  • 点击次数:
  • 下载次数:
  • HTML阅读次数:
  • 引用次数:
历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-15
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-03-01
  • 出版日期:
文章二维码