In order to establish watersaving, high quality and efficient production model in the black soil of cold region of rice, fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic characteristics were measured by using LI-6400XT photosynthetic apparatus in the main growth period of rice under different water and fertilizer treatments. The results showed that photochemical quantum efficiency of rice (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching factor coefficient qP and non-photochemical quenching coefficient qN were decreased with the decrease of irrigation amount. With the increase of nitrogen, Fv/Fm at the bloom stage ,qP at jointing stage showed inverted V trend, it showed that PSII reaction center was adjusted due to different treatments of water and fertilizer in black soil of cold area of rice, primary energy conversion efficiency of PSII, potential activity of PSII, photosynthetic electron transport, photosynthetic primary reaction process and heat dissipation capacity subjected to varying degrees of inhibition or improvement. The stomatal limitation of controlled irrigation was greater than that in flood irrigation, it did not affect the photosynthesis of rice leaves. Through simulated light response curves under fertilizer rate of 110 ~160kg/hm2 treatment, it showed that the curve was increased with the increase of nitrogen and the LSP and LCP were reduced significantly, but α, θ and Pnmax were increased to some extent. Through comparison among different treatments of irrigation, LSP, LCP and θof the flood irrigation were less than those in control irrigation, and Pnmax was increased significantly, but the change of Rd and αwere not obvious, it showed that high rate of fertilizer was benefit for utilization of low light in rice leaves, reduced water consumption was benefit for utilization of strong light. Therefore, water and nutrient coercion would improve the adaptability of rice leaves to light, and increasing of nitrogen amount can efficiently improve the light response characteristics.