Traditional breeding evaluation methods focus on information of crop traits, while ignoring the previous evaluation results. In order to enhance the efficiency of material evaluation under the condition of large-scale breeding, the comprehensive evaluation of crop traits was integrated into the breeding evaluation, and a method of phenotype feature selection for crop breeding evaluation based on ranking relevance was proposed. Firstly, the training sample set and the candidate feature set were selected from breeding data, and the correlation between the phenotype feature and the results of evaluation and the similarity of the agronomic traits were calculated. Then, considering the characteristics of the maximum correlation coefficient and the minimum similarity, a model of phenotype feature selection for breeding evaluation based on ranking relevance was constructed. The established model can be used for different breeding objectives focusing on collection of characters, and validity of the model was verified by using three kinds of soybean identification trial in 2013. The model also can be used as the preprocess of breeding evaluation to determine the weights of the traits accurately.