Pogostemon cablin belongs to Labiatae, with reputation in the domestic and foreign markets. The Hainan Patchouli, in addition to medicine, due to high oil content, is also used to extract volatile oil for export. To test the effects of compound application of organic and chemical fertilizers on Patchouli plants, eight treatments of compound fertilizer mixed with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were set to study their influences on Patchouli growth, yield, oil, quality and soil nutrient contents. The treatments were set as organic fertilizer of 100% (100% OF), chemical fertilizer of 100% (100% CF), 75% OF+25% CF, 60% OF+40% CF, 50% OF+50% CF, 40% OF+60% CF, 25% OF+75% CF and no fertilizer as control (CK). The results showed that different fertilization treatments promoted the improvement of Patchouli yield, oil, quality and soil nutrient contents, but an significant difference was presented between different treatments. The yield and oil were the highest in 75% OF+25% CF treatment, which was 31.58% and 168.10% higher than those of CK, respectively, followed by 60% OF+30% CF and 50% OF+50% CF treatments. The growth indexes of Patchouli, such as plant height, stem diameter, number of tillers and leaf area index, and the qualities of the 12 kinds of main chemical components (β-Patchouliene, α-guaiene, exogenous squalene, α-patchoulene, δ-guaiene, nerolidol, β-elemene, caryophyllene, β-guaiene, trans-caryophyllene, pogostone, patchouli alcohol), water soluble and alcohol soluble extracts in 75% OF +25% CF treatment were the highest. Organic matter, alkali solution nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium contents in soil were higher in 100% OF, 75% OF +25% CF， 60% OF +40% CF， and 50% OF +50% CF treatments, and 100% OF treatment got the highest values, the difference between the four treatments was not significant. Therefore, the treatment of 75% OF +25% CF could be suitable for Patchouli fertilization scheme.