Recently, ditching continuous fertilization and digging fertilization are the two main approaches for orchard fertilization in China. However, orchard ditching continuous fertilization always wastes a large proportion of fertilizer while digging fertilization manually is backbreaking work. Based on common ditching fertilizer devices, an orchard toward-target variable-rate fertilizer system was designed, which mainly included an orchard hole fertilization precision fertilizer feeder and a toward-target variable-rate fertilizer controller. Fertilizer ejecting times of ejectors with different sectional areas were obtained by using a high speed photography, and quantitative hole fertilization was realized through using grooved wheel mechanism. A new fertilizer ejecting monitoring method using a horizontal rotating fan was put forward, and a monitoring device was designed. Then the orchard hole fertilization precision fertilizer feeder was designed and developed. The toward-target variable-rate fertilizer controller was developed based on a microcontroller STC12C5A60S2, a photoelectric sensor used to detect orchard tree trunk was adopted to obtain fertilizer ejecting position, and an approach switch sensor was used to acquire speed by detecting wheel rotation. Laboratory experiments were carried out by using self-made test platform. The results showed that when the application setting was one of the 1~5 grades, the maximum error between the average amount of ejected fertilizer and theoretical amount was 10 g, with maximum variation coefficient of 4.6%; the range of average fertilizer length was 20.2~40.9 cm; the maximum and minimum fertilizer position offset errors were 5.5 cm and 0.6 cm, respectively, with average standard deviation of 4.26 cm; in each fertilizer ejecting process, the monitoring device could get the on-off signal two times at least, and the accuracy of fault alarm was 100%. Field experiments showed that the accuracy of fertilizer ejecting was 97% in selected 100 wolfberry trees. This system could control fertilizer seeder based on real-time orchard tree detection, monitor fertilizer ejecting for fault alarm, and meet the need of orchard ditching fertilization with toward-target fertilizer ejecting requirement.