Cattle manure is a kind of complicated biomass mainly consisting of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. In order to study the pyrolysis characteristics and interaction among these constituents, Van Soest method was adopted to effectively segregate hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, extractives and ash. The obtained detergent fibers and cattle manure original samples were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy to analyze their microscopic structures. The results showed that the apparent morphology of cattle manure and detergent fibers was changed from surface compression without cracks and holes to a honeycomb structure with numerous cracks and holes along with the washing process. Furthermore, those samples were also addressed by dynamic thermogravimetry and derivate thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) method. Thermogravimetric experiments showed that the pyrolyis rate of acid detergent fiber mainly including cellulose had the largest value among the detergent fibers, e.g. 14.310%/min, and the strong acid detergent fiber at the smallest one with the value of 1.615%/min. The pyrolysis processes of the different components were intrinsically interacted with each other. Hemicellulose inhibited extremely the devolatilization of cellulose, resulting in the volatile rate of cellulose was decreased from 14.310%/min to 7.617%/min. For the presence of the neutral detergent dissolved matter, the starting temperature of pyrolysis of cattle manures was reduced, and the thermal degradation rates of hemicellulose and cellulose were also restrained.