To test the effects of compound application of organic and chemical fertilizers on tea plants, five treatments of compound fertilizer mixed with organic vinegar residue fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were set to study their influence on tea growth, yield and quality, and soil nutrient as well. The treatments were set as organic fertilizer of 100% (100% O), chemical fertilizer of 100% (100% C), 70% O+30% C, 50% O+50% C, 30% O+70% C and no fertilizer as control (CK). The result showed that all the fertilization treatments contributed to tea yield and quality and soil nutrient contents, but the effects varied with different treatments. The treatment of 70% O+30% C was the most significant in yield increase, which was 276.91%, the treatment of 30% O+70% C was the second and the treatment of 50% O+50% C was in the middle; the growth indexes such as the length of new shoot, leaf area, 100 bud weight and bud density, and the quality indexes such as tea polyphenols, amino acid, caffeine and water extract were also the highest when the treatment of 70% O+30% C was applied. The more organic fertilizer was applied, the more alkali-hydro nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased in the soil of tea fields, and the treatment of 100% O ranked the first place and the treatment of 70% O+30% C took the second place, between which there was no significant difference. Comprehensive analysis showed that the treatment of 70% O+30% C was optimal and worthy of application in tea fields.