In order to solve the problem of low synchronization rate and poor stability of the speed of the driving motor and the belt high-speed guide device, which results in the increase of seeding distance coefficient and poor sowing uniformity, a control system of belt highspeed guide device based on fuzzy sliding mode control-Kalman (FSMC-Kalman) algorithm was studied. Through the analysis of the system movement process, the relationship between the train and guide motors and the operation speed was established to establish the mathematical model of the two motors. The proposed FSMC-Kalman algorithm used the approximation coefficient and rate coefficient in the fuzzy algorithm, and added the Kalman filter algorithm in the feedback link, so as to enhance the robustness and adaptability of the control system. The simulation test showed that the speed of guide motor based on FSMC-Kalman algorithm had no overshoot, the adjustment time was 0.22s, and the steady state error was 4.68r/min;the speed of type motor based on FSMC-Kalman algorithm had no overshoot, the adjustment time was 0.23s, and the steady state error was 1.96r/min. The bench test showed that the average qualified plant spacing coefficient of variation of the four operation speeds of FSMC-Kalman algorithm was 7.98%. The FSMC-Kalman algorithm reduced the average coefficient of variation by 4.67 percentage points, which was 3.36 percentage points lower than that of the FSMC algorithm, and 2.06 percentage points lower than the average coefficient of variation of the SMC-Kalman algorithm. The control system of belt high-speed guide device based on FSMC-Kalman can make the guide motor and the seed type drive motor work stably with high synchronization rate, thus improving the sowing uniformity.