User profile as a tool for accurately analyzing users’ characteristics and behavior, has received more and more attention from both academic and industry in recent years. The basic concepts and features of user profile was presented, a comprehensive introduction to the key technologies of related work was conducted, and the advantages and disadvantages of different technologies were compared. Furthermore, the applications of user profile technology in agricultural field were reviewed, including describing farmers’ characteristics, personalized recommendation of agricultural services, precision marketing of agricultural products, and decision support for agricultural management. Finally, the existing problems of user profile technology were summarized, the trend of future research and the application prospect of user portrait technology in agriculture were discussed.