Taking the Inner Mongolia Desert Oasis as a research area, the analogy analysis of complex networks and potential ecological networks was carried out to study the characteristics of ecosystem energy flow and analyze the connectivity, integrity and stability of potential ecological networks. Combined with the corresponding ecological factors, the ecological resistance surface was constructed, and 1103 potential ecological corridors and 992 ecological nodes were extracted. The potential ecological network distribution was consistent with the power law distribution, so the weighted network can be adapted to the potential ecological network for analysis. The potential ecological network connectivity in the desert oasis area was poor, the clustering characteristics were not obvious; the ecological nodes were scattered and fragmented, and the integrity was low; the energy flow inside the potential ecological network was relatively simple and not stable enough. The ecological landscape in the desert oasis area was fragmented, and the contradiction between development and ecological protection was more prominent. The overall ecological environment needed to be optimized.