Abstract:A new 4WD vehicle DYC system based on the tire longitudinal forces optimization distribution was proposed to combine the advantages of DYC and the independent four-wheel-drive chassis. The modified 2DOF vehicle model was utilized to obtain the DYC target for vehicle stability. The “feedforward + feedback” DYC controller was designed with the optimal dynamical sliding mode. The tire longitudinal forces optimization distribution mode was established with the stability index combining HSRI tire model to increase the vehicle-road grip margin. The index was constraining calculated to obtain tire forces distribution results. The simulation result shows that the remaining part of the vehicle-road adhesion is increased by the optimization distribution under DYC, which means the vehicle stability potential is improved than using the general distribution method, i.e. DYC is enhanced further.

Abstract:A mathematical model and state equation of the electric power steering system were established. The compensatory controller was designed by utilizing linear quadratic Gaussian/ loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) theory aiming at getting rid of the uncertainties and noise of measurement for electric power steering system. The compensatory controller was simulated and the results show that torque undulation and noise of measurement are inhibited well, the system possesses good robustness with the LQG/LTR controller.

Abstract:The method of speed ratio of controlling of metal V-belt continuously variable transmission based on driving intention was suggested using fuzzy mathematics. According to this method, the target speed ratio between economical and drivable mode can be gotten instead of traditional manual selection. The control with the target speed ratio based on the driving intention index of fuzzy control rules can get a good economy and drivability, the bump, shake and flicker of the engine can be avoided. Finally, the controller using the target speed ratio control logic is designed and the effectiveness is validated.

Abstract:The new hydraulic system of torque converter was designed. The dimension structure of valves was designed by theoretical calculation. The dynamic simulation model of hydraulic system of torque converter was established. Then the dynamic characteristics of the system were simulated. The simulation results and the test results from the test bench were compared to validate the simulation model. The results show that the simulation model can match the real system very well and the simulation model was validated. The effects of different parameters of the hydraulic system on the characteristics of the system were analyzed, and also the effects of different parameters of the hydraulic system on the characteristics of the system were analyzed.

Abstract:The unsteady flow of the hydrodynamic coupling was calculated by using the sliding mesh method and mixture model in CFD software. And the velocity and pressure distribution of the hydrodynamic coupling were figured out. Through analyzing the velocity and pressure field, the distribution of the two-phase flow under different filling rate were summarized. The torque was computed based on the numerical solution of 3-D flow field, and the original characteristic of hydrodynamic coupling was predicted. The predicted characteristic was compared with the experimental data. It indicates that the computational result of numerical simulation is well tallied with the results of the experiment, and the result can reflect the basal characteristic of the inner flow in hydrodynamic coupling.

Abstract:The impact and vibration of vehicles often occurs in three directions along or around axes, which need multidimensional vibration isolation. If the technology was applied on one dimensional vibration isolation into multidimensional vibration isolation simply, the vibration isolation device would interfere. So a multidimensional vibration isolation device of vehicles was developed. It is composed of two Stewart mechanisms: down platform and up platform. The two Stewart mechanisms with six degrees of freedom lead to the same degrees of freedom of the device. Damping and springs installed in joints of the two Stewart mechanisms isolate the vibration of vehicles. Dynamics simulations by ADAMS show that when the down platform is given an impulse, 6 accelerations of up platform are less than those of down platform obviously, and they decline rapidly. The shocking time, damping coefficient, stiffness coefficient of springs were simulated.

Abstract:The strain time history of the strain simulation control point in the lower suspension arm was measured when the car was driven on the intensified road in Hainan automobile proving ground. Then the frequency analysis was done, and the service conditions for quasi-static method were also discussed. Combining finite element static analysis result, the stress time history of the critical location was gained by quasi-static method. Fatigue life of lower suspension arm was evaluated by the nominal stress method. Based on these work, the effect exerted by the choice of the strain simulation control point and the effect of average stress revised arithmetic on the result were investigated. The conclusion is helpful to well choose the strain simulation control point, and has reference value to improve the accuracy of analyzing fatigue life. Although the research in this article is to take the lower suspension arm for an example, the research method and conclusion have also reference value to other parts.

Abstract:Based on the principle of water volume balance, by generalizing the surface water profile and Philip infiltration formula equivalent for Kostiakov model when infiltration parameter α=0.5, the model of synchronously determining Philip infiltration parameters and synthesis roughness according to the advance of border irrigation water was set up. The values of infiltration parameters and roughness were obtained under the different figure coefficient of surface storage σh, some research results and field experiments testified, by using the software of Matlab to solve the model. Then these parameters were confirmed, the results showed that synchronously determining Philip infiltration parameters and synthesis roughness were reliable. The study indicates that the analytic model has some advantages, such as simple calculation method and solution, higher accuracy.

Abstract:CFD模拟。Considering the structural intricacy of the drip irrigation emitter with labyrinth channel, this paper utilized the numerical simulation method by CFD and observation method by PIV to simulate and observe the movement regulation of the solid particles in labyrinth channel, and analyzed the results of the two methods. The results show that the movement trajectories of the solid particles with different diameter and density calculated by CFD software accord with the actual movement trajectories observed by PIV machine well. When the diameter is 65μm or the density is 1740kg/m3, the difference of the path length between the numerical simulation by CFD and observation by PIV is very little, but it is big when the diameter or density is big as the actual movement of solid particles are more closing to the mainstream. It is feasible to simulate the velocity of solid particles by CFD software, but the time of the high speed of particles can keep longer than the simulation one.

Abstract:A motor-operated penetrometer with novel structure and constant-velocity (30mm/s) was developed. The major innovation was to employ ball screw as transmission component of penetration force so that the higher control accuracy and operating efficiency could be simultaneously obtained. Moreover, a microcomputer-based controller associated with GPS and PDA was designed to coordinate the soil penetration resistance and the depth measurements at real-time and to monitor the operating status of the penetrometer. By using of the available hardware and software provided by PDA, the data capacity and the processing ability of field information was significantly improved.

Abstract:Based on a commercialized tensiometer, a dual-sensor was presented that it was able to simultaneously determine soil matric suction and volumetric water content, and therefore obtain soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) directly. Soil volumetric water content was measured by employing the metallic tube of the tensiometer as an antenna, whose radiating impedance varied as soil water content. Soil samples of three texture classes (sand, sandy-loam, and clay-loam) were tested and compared with the data from the sand box and pressure chamber methods. The results indicate that for all the three soils, the RMSE of the dual sensor was less than 0.05, the results of the dual-sensor agreed to that of classical method.

Abstract:4%。A time domain reflectometry (TDR) used in soil measurements was developed. Based on the measurement requirements of soil parameters, the TDR prototype was designed and manufactured. The pulse generator of TDR can produce a pulse with 140ps rising-edge. The equivalent sampling precision of the TDR receiver was 8.69ps. TDR control software was also programmed and the flow chart of the program was illustrated. The relative permittivities of sand and soil were measured. The volumetric moisture content and electrical conductivity (EC) of the loam and sandy loam are inversed. The inversed volumetric moisture results are close to the weighting method results. The test error is below 4%.

Abstract:Three kinds of soil from Hubei province was studied, PLS and cross calibration method was employed to establish soil moisture analysis model. The result indicates that the model’s decision coefficient was 0.995，and RMSECV was 0.801%, the model’s forecast decision coefficient was 0.992, the RMSEP was 0.912%. Using the model to forecast loessial soil on Loess Plateau region, the error was greater than 4%. At last, the study of the Hubei yellow brown earth, paddy field soil and alluvial soil samples collected from Fourier transform parameters and characteristics of soil moisture to establish PLS prediction model, model decision coefficient was 0.988, and RMSECV is 1.106%. And the error of model prediction of loessial soil was less than 2%, the accuracy improved more greatly than traditional model.

Abstract:0.13%～2.12%。In order to improve the precision of soil moisture testing under natural causes and nonlinear system, the fuzzy controller and signal pickup assembly based on DSP(TMS320VC5402) were constructed by neural networks technique, and the signal processing and optimized method were raised. The BP learning algorithm for fuzzy control rule and amending rule were determined, moreover, the experiment and verification were done with the system. The results of experiment show the errors of soil moisture test by neural networks technique are 0.13%～2.12% lower than by routine method.

Abstract:One kind of seed metering device with special cells for cole seed was designed. The configuration and working principle was introduced. The differences between two disposal modes of cells were analyzed. And then, the capability, mainly the uniformity of the seed-metering device was tested in experiments. Based on the request of testing result, the structure of the seed-metering device was changed. Some conclusions were given in the end. The disposal modes of cells are the primary factors which affecting the working uniformity of the seed-metering device. Testing with the combination of optimal parameters, the pass percentage of seeding is 98.3%, the leakage sowing rate is 0.6% and reseeding rate 1.1%. Generally speaking, the seed-metering device with special cells for cole seed is simple in structure and steady in working, its cells are compatible with cole seed.

Abstract:The effects of the type of the snapping rolls of the harvester on harvesting performance are significant. For the vertical corn harvester, the effects of the type of the snapping rolls on harvesting performance were studied through orthogonal test, while the movement parameters of the interaction were analyzed, to determine the optimal production conditions. The pattern and shape of snapping roll on loss rate is significant; the roll of dome pattern under the conditions of 1000r/min can achieve the best results. The influence of roll shape on power is significant; the roll of dome pattern under the conditions of 900r/min can achieve the lowest power consumption. The relationship between working gap of snapping roll and loss rate is linear.

Abstract:With the aim to solve the problems of the soil blocking, the high rate of tuber damage, and the bad adaptability to different heights of ridge, MZPH-820 potato harvester was designed. The blades of the digging device were designed separating from each other, as well as their supported pipes. The guide rollers of the screening conveyor belt installed on two cantilever plates individually, this brought the transverse through shaft a bit large displacement to the upwards. Both of them made the blades and the soil-cutting discs be the only two kinds of soil-engaging parts, and effectively prevented vines winding and soil blocking. The blades angle adjusting mechanism performed the angle adjustment of the blades and the guide rollers of the screening conveyor belt in the same time, and the adjusting range of the blades angle is 18°～30°. Through adjusting the heights of mound drum and rear wheels harmoniously, the harvester could meet the working demand of various ridge height in range of 100～400mm and ensure the presetting angle of the blades. This improved greatly the adaptability to different ridge heights. Field experimental results show that in conditions of high ridge wide row, MZPH-820 potato harvester performed smoothly in digging, lifting and transporting without any blocking, and potatoes were separated effectively from soil. Its productivity was 0.10hm2/h, damage rate was 0.3%, and losing rate was 3.9%, all meeting the technical requirements.

Abstract:The yellow dextrin/straw fibers composites were prepared using a 150mm×150mm steel mold and JFY50 hot-press machine based on the preparation parameters. The experimental results were analyzed by range analysis method. The optimal level of factors, the primary and secondary factors, the best combination of factors and their levels were obtained. The best combination of factors was tested and verified for the hot pressing temperature of 170℃, the hot pressing pressure of 9.8MPa, the hot pressing time of 20min and the yellow dextrin content of 30g. The yellow dextrin/straw fibers composites were prepared based on the best combination of factors. The flexural strength and the flexural elastic modulus of the composite were 15.34MPa and 2522.78MPa respectively for the optimal combination situation. The experimental results were also analyzed by variance analysis method. The results show that the hot pressing pressure has an evident effect on the flexural property of the yellow dextrin/straw fibers composites, while the hot pressing time has no obvious effect on the flexural property of the yellow dextrin/straw fibers composites.

Abstract:1.14～2.05GPa。The mechanical properties of wheat stems in mature were tested, and the curves on stress-strain of wheat stems were measured by the electronic testing machine CMT2502. The microstructure of wheat stems was observed, and the SEM images of transverse and longitudinal section of wheat stem were got by scanning electron microscopy. The relation between mechanical properties and microstructure of wheat stems was analyzed, and mechanical model of wheat stem was established. The results show that wheat stem is a typical porous, no-continuous, no-homogeneous and anisotropic composite material. Wheat stems have enough strength and good flexibility, and its carrying capacity depends on the thickness of thickwalled cells and the numbers of vascular bundles, as well as the connection form and strength of cells in stems. The strength and Young's modulus of wheat stems are 30.36～52.65MPa and 1.14～2.05GPa respectively.

Abstract:The preparation characteristics of monodispersed oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with large particles stabilized were investigated by using isolated soybean protein as emulsifiers. Monodispersed emulsion was successfully prepared when pH value ranged from 6 to 8. The particle became significantly bigger and its monodispersity decreased with the decrease of pH value. Emulsions were prepared using isolated soybean protein with a particle size of 43.4μm, and whose coefficient of variation was 4.3% when pH value of protein solution was 7. When the pH value of protein solution was lower than its isoelectric point, the electronic attractive interaction worked between the negatively charged silicon MC plate and the positively charged protein molecules, resulting in unsuccessful emulsification.

Abstract:The synergistic lethal effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) combined with mild heat on Listeria innocua in egg white was evaluated. The results show that 0.8, 1.4, 2.3 and 3.8 log reductions of Listeria innocua inoculated in egg white were achieved by 20, 25, 30 and 35kV/cm for 400μs at 15℃, respectively. The reductions increased to 1.3, 2.5, 4.9 and 6.4 logs when the temperature was 55℃. Approximately 1.8, 2.7, 3.5 and 3.8 log reductions of Listeria innocua were induced by 35kV/cm for 100, 200, 300 and 400μs at 15℃ respectively. The reductions increased to 2.7, 3.8, 5.4 and 6.4 logs when the temperature was 55℃. The results demonstrate the synergistic effect of PEF and mild heat on the inactivation of Listeria innocua in egg white. There is a linear relationship between inactivation of Listeria innocua and PEF applied energy.

Abstract:The processing parameters were optimized in unconventional spaghetti productions by using Chinese wheat flour. The results show that the optimal dough is mixed by addition of water in 28%～30%, at the temperature of 5～15℃, with the vacuum of 60～80kPa, and then the dough is extruded at the temperature of 35～45℃. The quality of spaghetti is controlled by optimizing the parameters of temperature and humidity in pre-drying, main-drying and balance-drying in an industry production line of spaghetti.

Abstract:Drying characteristics of horse mackerel drying in a heat pump dehumidifier (HPD) were studied. Quadratic orthogonal regression design was employed to establish the connection between modeling coefficients (K and n) and temperature and velocity. The experimental data were analyzed with statistical method and a mathematical model was established. The obtained mathematical model suitable for horse mackerel drying by HPD is Page model. There were few differences between the speculated result and the calculated value. Therefore, mathematical model established on these data could be used to describe the heat pump drying process of horse mackerel.

Abstract:Aiming at solving the problem in grain drying, with many uncertain influence factors, that the measurement results hysteresis exists, the selection approach was presented on both the controlled and control variables of the continuous flow grain drying. Based on experimental data, factors affecting grain drying process and multiple factors sensitivity affecting grain outlet moisture content were analyzed. The result shows the major factors influencing the grain outlet moisture content sensitivity are discharge motor rotation speed, heated air temperature and initial moisture content; ambient temperature and initial temperature etc. also have effects on grain outlet moisture content sensitivity to a small extent. A control structure of the automatic control system for continuous flow grain drying was designed, and a restraint approach for the measurement lag was introducing differential block.

Abstract:30%。 The flow, temperature, pressure fields and viscous heating distribution in a triple screw extruder were studied by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The effects of screw rotational speeds, numbers of screw thread, pressure difference and flow rate on productivity ratio and power consumption were employed with considering temperature by pressure build-up and viscous dissipation. At the same time, the characteristics of power consumption of triple screw extruder were compared with those of traditional twin screw extruder. The results show that with the increase of screw rotation speed, pressure difference and flow rate, the power consumption of triple screw extruder increases and the productivity ratio of it decreases. With the increase of numbers of screw thread, the power consumption of triple screw extruder increases. By comparing, it is found that the productivity ratio of triple screw extruder increases 30% than that of twin screw extruder.

Abstract:The effects of Ca2+ on the formation and structure of milk gel of mozzarella cheese were assessed by two-photon confocal laser scanning microscopy combined with fluorescence dyeing. The results show that Ca2+ can stimulate the formation of milk gel extremely and have important effects on the structure of the milk gel, the gel time decreases to 12min (3mmol/L Ca2+), 6min (6mmol/L Ca2+) and 3min（9mmol/L Ca2+）respectively from 38min (0mmol/L Ca2+) after adding of Ca2+. It was found by the real-time investigations that the fine casein granules of milk without Ca2+ became to move closer and combined with the crunodes nearby and form bigger clusters. While the milk with Ca2+ tends to coagulate in a very short time and form very strong gel, and this may prevent the casein granules from closing up to the crunodes, so the curds are smaller and connections of crunodes are weaker.

Abstract:89.87%。In order to improve the extraction effect of flavonoids from Lycium barbarum L., ultrasonic was used to extract flavonoids of Lycium barbarum L. Through single fraction experiments and orthogonal experiments, the optimal technological parameters were determined. The result expresses the optimal technological parameters are the concentration of ethanol 80%, liquid to solid ratio 50mL/g, ratio of ultrasonic run and interim time 3s/1s, ultrasonic power 500W, extracting 50min, the extraction rate was 89.87%.

Abstract:Two kinds of rice were studied in order to find out the distribution of bacteria and mould in the summer and autumn rice production line. The results showed that in the process, from raw materials to rice products, the number of bacteria and mould gradually reduced, but the total number of bacteria in each sampling point was higher than that of mould. The difference of the total number of bacterial and mould was very significant for samples from different site（α<0.0001). The source of rice has a significant impact on the number of bacteria and mould but the season has little effect on it.

Abstract:1.33°。The measurement method was developed for determining contact angle by fitting the unilateral drop profile. The concept of contact angle’s stable interval was put forward, and a numerical experiment method for the optimization of fitting functions and fitting pixel numbers was established. The presented method was compared to the axisymmetric integral method, with contact angle deviation 1.92%. Because the axisymmetric condition was not introduced in this method, it can be used to measure contact angles of non-axisymmetric drops. The contact angles of deionized water on Osmanthus fragrans leaves were measured, and the research results show that: three degree polynomial can be used to fit the drop profile in the pixel number interval and determine contact angle; the contact angles between the principle vein direction and the direction perpendicular to it are obviously different, with the average discrepancy 7.15°, the average discrepancy of left and right contact angles on the same direction is 1.33°.

Abstract:Field-growing maize seedling was transplanted onto measuring board with soil reserved. Images of plant were captured with calibrated binocular stereovision system. The binary images were extracted and segmented into leaves and stems according to phyllotaxis. An algorithm of Douglas-Peucker polygonal approximation of leaf contour was applied to find matching points of two corresponding images. Projecting 3-D points of maize seedling onto plant plane and plant horizontal plane, fitting and interpolating the projected points to generate leaf curve so that the leaf length, leaf insertion height, azimuth and inclination angle could be calculated.

Abstract:82.1%。Automatic recognition research on distinguishing copperleaf herb from cotton was developed by machine vision based on the different color features. The binary images were obtained by segmenting five feature images, which were the color-difference methods (R—G, R—B, G—B), the super-green’s method (2G—R—B), and chromatometry (H) respectively. The chromatometry feature images segmented by Otsu’s method could achieve better results by comparing. The double precision matrix as 0, 1 was created with the corresponding binary image, and multiplied by the component plans of R, G and B respectively. The gray images were gained. Their foregrounds were the component plans of R, G and B and their backgrounds were black. The standard deviations of R, G and B in the foregrounds of the cotton and the copperleaf herb images were analyzed. The threshold value for the judgment of the copperleaf herb, which was the margin between R’s standard deviation and B’s standard deviation less than 5, was determined. The identifiable results show that the recognition rates of the cotton and the copperleaf herb are 71.4% and 92.9% respectively, and the overall recognition rate is 82.1%.

Abstract:With the aim to demonstrate the feasibility of calibration transfer of near-infrared spectroscopy on silage, two types of near-infrared spectrometer of Nicolet ANTARIS (master) and FOSS 6500 (slave), and two methods of slope/bias and local centering were studied. Results show that after calibration transferring the determination coefficient of calibration (R2) and determination coefficient of cross validation (R2cv) were all greater than 0.85. The standard error of prediction and bias were 20.27g/kg and －3.75, 27.67g/kg and －6.17 for slope/bias and local centering technique respectively, which were comparable with the standard error of prediction value (20.60g/kg) and bias value (－1.04) of the original model of FOSS 6500 spectrometer. These results were greatly improved from the standard error of prediction value (39.65g/kg) and bias value (－33.60) before calibration transferring. Both of the two methods of calibration transfer worked successfully.

Abstract:The method and principle of apple orientation and turnover were described. An apple conveyer and turnover mechanism were specially designed to accomplish the orientation of different diameter apples and turn them over by the approximately same angular speed in order to collect and process the images of apples for apple grading in next step. Experiment results indicate that the mechanism could accomplish apple orientation and turnover, image collection results can meet grading requirement.

Abstract:From the view of practice and application, the situation of research and development for environmental control and simulation models of greenhouse were described. The multiple processor distributed control systems are widely used for greenhouse environment, and the single chip processors with the universal structure and low price are mainly used as the controller of the systems. The IPC (industrial personal computer) can also be used as the controller but its price is relatively expensive. The intellectualization of the control systems and the signal wireless transmission are significant trend for the environmental control of the greenhouse, and the wireless transmission is more suitable for greenhouse characteristics. It should be considered to integrate environmental control with crop growth models and greenhouse production economy (benefits), but it’s difficult to do at present. The simulation models can help to know better about the effect factors on greenhouse environment. It’s not necessary to over emphasize the precision of rare level control system.

Abstract:According to the balance of plant canopy energy, a mathematical model of simulating greenhouse plant canopy temperature that has relations with greenhouse inside and outside climate and structure was developed. The experiment was carried out to validate the correctness of the model in the Venlo-type greenhouse in North China during winter. The simulated canopy temperature agreed well with the measured data. The determination coefficient and the root mean square error between the measured and simulated canopy temperature were 0.7975 and 1.3℃, respectively. Then a BP neural network model of canopy temperature was built, the determination coefficient and the root mean square error were 0.7835 and 0.6℃. Based on the neural network model, the influencing factors sensitivity of canopy temperature was analyzed. The inside temperature is the most important factor, and the next ones are in order of the transpiration rate, solar radiation and inside relative humidity.

Abstract:The research on effects of air velocity in heat exchanging pipes on heat storage, temperature and humidity in double-film greenhouse with heat storage system was done during heat saving in winter. The temperature and humidity inlet and outlet of heat exchanging pipes, floor temperature in heat storage greenhouse, air temperature and soil temperature in the adjacent reference greenhouse and outside temperature were measured at different air velocities in the heat exchanging pipes. The experiment results show that the average floor temperature in heat storage greenhouse was respectively 0.8, 1.1, 3.1, 3.9, 4.3 and 5.6℃ higher than that of the soil in the reference greenhouse when the air velocity in heat exchanging pipes was 0.6, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 2.8m/s in clear day. While the air velocity in heat exchanging pipes was 0.6～2.8m/s, the air temperature in the heat storage greenhouse was 0.1～0.6℃ lower than that of the reference greenhouse because the hot air temperature was reduced after flowing through the heat exchanging pipes. However the air temperature in heat storage greenhouse was feasible for plant growth during heat saving.

Abstract:An intelligent platform based on RS485 bus was created. It takes the sectional-control theory which combines the PID algorithm with fuzzy control theory as the strategy and integrates the crop growth and cultivation expert system. The system real-timely measures the environment factors in greenhouse and analyzes them to make decision and control the output devices so as to create the optimal grow environmental conditions in greenhouse. The application shows that the sectional-control algorithm makes the output trace the set value correctly and the distributed and unit module structure make the maintenance easier and lower the running cost.

Abstract:To inspire designers to do creative design more effectively, the classification and mapping relation in scientific principle knowledge were analyzed, and an application process for scientific principle knowledge in product innovation was proposed and established. According to the construction principle of domain ontology, the ontology vocabulary of function and effects were extended, and the representation model of scientific principle knowledge was presented and implemented with OWL. A software prototype of ontology-based scientific principle knowledge management system was developed according to the proposed theory, and then the construction mechanism and semantic retrieval technology of the system were discussed. Finally, an example was given to illustrate the system’s effectiveness.

Abstract:The surface and the section geometrical structure features of the foreleg’s tarsal claw of the oriental mole cricket (Gryllotalpa orientalis Burmeister) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that there exists a hollow structure in the tarsal claw and the material of the section displays samdwich structure. The hollow structure of the foreleg’s tarsal claw was modeled using the slice method. The hardness and elastic modulus of the foreleg’s tarsal claw of the oriental mole cricket (Gryllotalpa orientalis Burmeister) were obtained by nanomechanical test system. The results show that the hardness and elastic modulus of the tergal cuticle material of the tarsal claw of the foreleg were higher than its front cuticle material. It was found through comparison that the hardness of the foreleg’s tarsal claw of the oriental mole cricket (Gryllotalpa orientalis Burmeister) is higher than that of the tibia cuticle material of Copris ochus Motschulsky, Geotrupes stercorarius Linnaeus and Holotrichia sichotana Brenske, and higher than the hardness of the hoof wall materials of cattle, sheep and pig as well.

Abstract:The permeability of cutting fluids influences cutting effect directly. The main influential factors of cutting fluid penetration in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) such as nozzle position, spray parameters were analyzed theoretically with spray and fluid mechanics. Based on turning 45 steel tests on CNC super precision machine tool, the cutting effect such as cutting force, surface roughness and chip shape were studied. Theory and tests results show that supplying more cutting fluids from main tool flank at proper position (20mm from cutting point) can get better cutting effect: low cutting force, low surface roughness and easy treated chip.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of ratio of revolution and rolling on high-speed ball bearing, the shortage of raceway control theory was put forward. Then a precise relationship between inner and outer raceway control parameter was established according to the equilibration of frictional force and gyro moment on rolling ball. The semi-empirical formula about friction factor between rolling element and raceway was introduced into the calculation process. To avoid the shortage of raceway control theory, the attitude angle of rolling ball decided by raceway control theory is substituted by the one obtained from the analysis of D’ Alembert principle. So the friction factor and attitude angle of rolling ball are depended on normal load of rolling ball, and then an accurate form was provided and make sure it could be solved with dynamic equations group of high-speed ball bearing. At last, an example was given to compare the results from body matter with the ones from existing method, and indicates that the method of body is accurate and more closing to the practice.

Abstract:This paper described a decoupling algorithm for two signals input and two signals output that is based on non-stationary real signal. Firstly, a model about two non-stationary signals through a linear system outputting two signals was built. According to the model, the system’s decoupling was translated into resolving the system’s decoupling coefficients. Secondly, the requirements of the algorithm were derived which making the algorithm work correctly. The signals being non-stationary and decorrelation must to be emphasized. Thirdly, the source signals are de-mixing from two output signals through the decoupling coefficients. Two coupled signals were decoupled by using the algorithm and the result proves the validity of the algorithm. The algorithm was already applied to a differential testing bench and the decoupling result can satisfy the engineering requirement.

Abstract:A dynamic model was established based on Newtonian mechanics theory and analysis was made on vibrating characteristics in time and frequency domain to the modes of constant flow and pressure. Measurement mechanism was designed to test the vibration of stator of JB32H-type radial piston pump. It is concluded from analysis and test results that the acceleration of stator vibrates periodically in time domain on the two modes. The amplitude on the mode of constant pressure is smaller than the one on the mode of constant flow. The frequency band is wider on the mode of constant flow than that on the mode of constant pressure. Stator vibrates in the range of higher frequency on the mode of constant flow than on the mode of constant pressure. Constant pressure system of pump is in the function of low-pass filter.

Abstract:The direct-drive air compressor drove by permanent magnet brushless D.C. motor (BLDCM) was designed and manufactured. Volume and its weight of direct-drive air compressor drove by permanent magnet BLDCM are little but its efficiency is high. To improve air compressor’s efficiency, BLDCM is used to drive the air compressor. The aim of this paper is to reduce the cost and enhance the efficiency of air compressor, thus based on the direct torque control method, a simple open loop control method to change duty ratio according to the resistant torque was provided. Duty ratios of control cycle beat are different because of the different air compressor load. The duty ratio increase and decrease with the change of air compressor. The system was simulated by Simulink. The simulation results show that the fluctuation of compressor’s rotating speed is small using this control method, and it has robustness.

Abstract:A new algorithm of local model reference data querying for the scattered points based on the R*-tree was proposed, which contains four steps: first, the spatial index structure of scattered points was constructed based on the R*-tree; second, a hollow sphere was initialized according to the leaf node including current sample point; third, points in hollow sphere were caught with depth-first searching algorithm; forth, the local model reference data querying was realized through dynamic enlarge hollow sphere, and which is proved that it has strong adaptability of data type, improves the accuracy and efficiency of local model reference data querying for scattered points by examples.

Abstract:An infinite number of linkages can be produced for given four angle-displacements of rotating links. It is difficult for designers to synthesize the best linkage through rapidly and precisely selecting curve points that ensure to satisfy every design condition. To solve this problem, based on mapping theory, an infinite number of mechanism solutions generated by Burmester curves were expressed as finite solution ranges. Through solution analysis, the mechanism property graphs of interest have been computed, including their types, defects, minimum transmission angles, link-length ratios, and so on. After design constraints were considered and imposed, feasible solution ranges could be calculated. To avoid aimlessness in choosing positions and mechanisms, property analysis graphs on the feasible solution ranges were displayed, along with which the optimized solution which satisfies practical design conditions can be synthesized.