Soil initial moisture content is one of the important factors affecting border irrigation quality. The uneven distribution of soil moisture content caused by runoff is a common phenomenon in the farmland of North China Plain. In order to explore the influence of spatial variability of initial soil moisture content on flow movement and irrigation quality of border irrigation, one-dimensional soil column infiltration test and two-dimensional soil tank irrigation test were carried out in this study. Combined with WinSRFR surface irrigation simulation model, the technical factors of border irrigation under the condition of uneven initial moisture content were optimized and solved. The results showed that the greater the increase of initial soil moisture content along the border, the faster the surface water flow of border irrigation, and the slower the surface water flow of border irrigation. Compared with the uniform distribution of initial moisture content, under the condition of uneven distribution of initial moisture content along the border soil, the irrigation efficiency and irrigation uniformity will decrease, and the water storage efficiency will not change significantly. When the initial soil moisture content increased along the border, the irrigation efficiency and water storage efficiency were affected by the length of the border, the flow rate per unit width of the border and the number of water improvement, while the soil moisture uniformity after irrigation was only affected by the length of the border and the flow rate per unit width. When the initial moisture content of the border soil increases uniformly from 0.1890m3/3 to 0.4643m3/m3, the optimal border irrigation quality can be obtained when the border length L=85m, the number of water change G=6.0, and the unit width flow q=7.0L/(m·s). The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the regulation of irrigation technology elements under the initial moisture content of border soil caused by rainfall runoff.