In view of the problems that traditional singleaxis machines are difficult to adapt to the wet and clay soil conditions covered with a large amount of straw when straw is returned to the rice field in the northern cold region, the problem that the quality of work is difficult to meet the needs of actual work. A type of rice straw double-shaft deep-buried returning machine with forward rotation of the front shaft and reverse rotation of the rear shaft was designed. Combined with the actual agronomic requirements and the soil movement process, the horizontal distance between the center of the front and rear knife shafts was 650mm and the vertical distance was 100mm, and the whole machine was configured. The EDEM simulation software was used to simulate the working process of the field returning machine. Taking the forward speed, front axle speed and rear axle speed as the test factors, and taking the straw returning rate and the power consumption of the machine as the evaluation indicators, an orthogonal test was carried out to establish the straw returning rate and the machine tool power consumption regression equation. Design-Expert analysis software was used to obtain the optimal parameter combination, and the optimal working parameters were determined according to the simulation optimization results and actual processing requirements: forward speed was 1.5km/h, front axle speed was 274.2r/min, rear axle speed was 219.4r/min, providing theoretical support for subsequent field experiments. The field test results showed that when the stubble height was 15~20cm, the surface straw coverage was 468~578g/m2, and the forward working speed of the tractor was the first gear of low speed (1.5km/h), the rice straw biaxial deep burial returning machine can still be used. The field rate was 88.7%~91.2%, the ground flatness was 1.8~2.4cm, the broken soil rate was 97.7%~98.8%, and the tillage depth was 16.6~19.5cm. All indicators met the agronomic requirements, which improved the straw returning rate and the broken soil rate, at the same time, there was no phenomenon of stagnant soil in front of the machine.