In order to clarify the significance of suitable fertilization straw measures for summer maize farmland in Guanzhong region in the future climate conditions to control ammonia and stabilize yield and cope with climate change, based on the two-year field experiment conducted in 2019—2020, the impact of different nitrogen fertilizer types and different straw returning modes on soil ammonia volatilization and crop yield in farmland was studied. The DNDC model was calibrated and validated according to the field measured data, and the validated model was used to simulate the effects of different fertilization-straw measures on summer maize yield and soil ammonia volatilization accumulation under future climatic conditions. Taking into account the yield and the cumulative amount of soil ammonia volatilization of maize per production unit, the optimal ammonia control and stable yield fertilization-straw measures for summer maize farmland in Guanzhong area under future climatic conditions were finally put forward. The results showed that the corrected DNDC model could well simulate summer maize growth and soil ammonia volatilization accumulation under different fertilization-straw measures. Under future climatic conditions, straw returning would significantly increase summer maize yield and reduce soil ammonia volatilization accumulation per unit yield of maize. Under the RCP4.5 emission scenario, in the future from 2030 to 2090, the soil ammonia volatilization accumulation amount per unit yield of maize was lower and the yield was higher when the full amount of straw was returned to the field and 180kg/hm2stable nitrogen fertilizer was applied to the field. Under the RCP8.5 emission scenario, in the future of 2030—2050 and 2070—2090, the full amount of straw was returned to the field with 180kg/hm2 of stable nitrogen fertilizer and the full amount of straw was returned to the field with 162kg/hm2 of stable nitrogen fertilizer production unit, the soil ammonia volatilization accumulation in yield maize was lower and yield was higher. Therefore, under the RCP4.5 emission scenario, the full amount of straw returned to the field and the application of 180kg/hm2 stable nitrogen fertilizer was more optimal fertilization-straw measure for controlling ammonia production and stabilizing production in Guanzhong area from 2030 to 2090. Under the RCP8.5 emission scenario, the combination of 180kg/hm2 stable nitrogen fertilizer and 162kg/hm2 stable nitrogen fertilizer combined with the full amount of straw returning to the field were the optimal fertilization-straw measures for 2030—2050 and 2070—2090 in Guanzhong area, respectively. The results can provide a reference for the realization of sustainable agricultural development and stable yield and emission reduction in Guanzhong area.