In view of the problems such as low proportion of the whole harvest, low harvest efficiency, high harvest damage rate and high labor intensity during the manual auxiliary operation, a hydraulic suspension single.line yam harvester was designed based on the experience design method, the structure of the most critical component in the harvest of yam. grid vibration mining shovel was studied, and the Motion and Simulation of SolidWorks were comprehensively used. The dynamic simulation analysis and calculation of the vibrating soil breaking device were carried out with the aid of information technology, and the static and working dynamic characteristics of the component were analyzed. At the same time, combined with the agricultural requirements of yam harvest, the frequency, reciprocating vibration amplitude and related mechanical structure parameters of the vibration excavation part were studied, the optimal structure parameters were determined, and the strength analysis, calculation and verification were carried out. Finally, the field harvest experiment was carried out. Based on the theoretical and experimental research, the static and dynamic performance of the main working parts of the device can meet the mechanical property requirements of harvesting environment. The experimental results showed that the operation efficiency of the vibration excavation device was high, and it can realize the fast and efficient separation of the soil and yam. The intact rate of mechanical harvest reached 89.2%, which basically met the requirements of efficient harvest and low loss rate of farmers.