Aiming at the problem of seeding omission of sugarcane transverse planter in the process of planting, a kind of replanting device with hierarchical transmission was designed. Through the kinematics and dynamics simulation analysis of filling, storing, supplying, protecting and throwing process, the main factors affecting the effect of replanting were determined, and the key components of replanting system were designed. A sugarcane real-time replenishment system based on 51 single chip computer was developed. The AT89C52 chip and three pairs of laser sensors were used to collect signals of sugarcane seed leakage, replenishment box and sugarcane storage tank for insufficient sugarcane seed reserve. The signal was counted and displayed. The alarm circuit realized the alarm of insufficient sugarcane seed reserve, and the stepper motor was used for the alarm. For power source, the driving roll rake rotated to complete the seed replenishment process. The bench test showed that by choosing two factors, i.e. the traveling speed and the number of grooves, and taking the success rate and the replacement rate as the performance index, the orthogonal rotation test of two factors and five levels was carried out. It was concluded that the traveling speed had a very significant influence on the success rate of replanting, followed by the number of grooves. The quadratic regression equation analysis with Excel showed that the success rate of replanting was 93.97% and the replacement rate was 1.69% when the traveling speed was 3km/h and the number of grooves was 10. The performance of the real-time seeding replenishment system was stable and reliable, which solved the problem of seeding leakage in the process of seeder operation.