The research on the growth of the foodborne pathogen in the single cell level is popular and necessary for its random and variability, which is different from it in the population level. Based on the related research literatures, the observation methods of the pathogen single cell are summarized as indirect and direct methods. The indirect method is based on the turbidity method and theoretical hypothesis, meanwhile,the direct method is using the optical devices to record the division process of the cells. For the character of the growth in single cell level, the single cell growth prediction model should be built on the stochastic model rather than the deterministic model used in the traditional predictive microbiology. Modelling the stochastic division process by the individualbased method makes it possible to explain the relations between the single cell and its living environments. The observation and prediction for foodborne pathogen single cell is the foundation to control the risk of the food with lowcontamination. Analysis indicates that the pathogen single cell growth prediction tends to be combined with food risk assessment.