This review mainly focused on researches and applications of visible/near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy for quality and safety inspection of fruits and vegetables. Vis/NIR spectroscopy was widely and successfully applied in fruits and vegetables for quantitative quality analysis (including internal components like sugar content and acidity, and tissue properties like firmness, etc.), qualitative quality analysis (including defects detection, maturity classification, storage time/on-shelf life discrimination, etc.), growing or processing monitoring, growing condition analysis, safety inspection, variety and geographical origin tracing, and so on. Raman spectroscopy was used for internal components analysis (especially for carotenoids), quality classification, maturity discrimination and defects detection of fruits and vegetables. It is even a more potential way for detecting pesticide residues and microbiological contaminations in fruits and vegetables. At the end of this review, advantages and disadvantages of spectroscopy techniques for quality and safety inspection of fruits and vegetables were summarized, and also the future trends. 