For the purpose to improve the conversion rate of reducing sugar of rice straw,the cellulose was used in the enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw. The content of reducing sugar was detected by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. The enzyme concentration, hydrolysis time and temperature were selected as inspecting factors. Meantime, comparisons of the enzymatic hydrolysis of rural rice straw with that of steam explosion pretreatment rice straw were made. The results showed when the cellulose weight content taking 10% of the dry rice straw, enzymatic hydrolysis time of 48h and reaction temperature of 50℃ were ideal reaction conditions. The maximum reducing sugar yield of enzymatic hydrolysis original rice straw was 9.7%. The highest reducing sugar yield of enzymatic hydrolysis steam explosion rice straw was approximately 34.3%. Steam explosion pretreatment can obviously improve the production of reducing sugar of enzymatic hydrolysis rice straw, and at the same time accelerate the reaction rate. 