The effects of land use structure on the spatial variation characteristics of soil water content were studied based on the survey of soil water condition on a cropland-grassland mixed slope land in the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the soil water content presented a moderate spatial variability on the slope scale. The cropland-grassland mixed land use structures significantly increased the spatial variability of soil water contents. The soil water content had obvious spatial structure. The Gaussian model and Spherical model were the best fitting descriptors for the mean soil water content of 0～60cm soil depth under arid and moist condition respectively. Compared to the moist condition, the mean soil water content had a higher sill and range, but a lower nugget-to-sill ratio under dry condition. The interpolation map by Kriging method showed that soil water content presented a significant different plaque distribution pattern, which was consistent with the mixed land use structure on the slope. The difference in the spatial variability and distribution pattern of soil water content (0～60cm) in the test area mainly were effected by topography, precipitation, land use and land use structure. 