Aiming at the problems of the existing sugarcane cutting and paving machine, such as one-way harvesting operation, fixed cutting height, no sugarcane supporting mechanism, unreasonable frame structure and low intelligence, a modular sugarcane cutting and paving machine that can be remotely controlled in hilly and mountainous areas was designed. Through the reasonable layout and sidehanging conveying form of the whole machine, the sugarcane was laid to the left and right sides behind the cutter by the laying device with adjustable laying angle, so as to realize the two-way harvesting operation and improve the problem of easy blockage of the conveying channel. Combined with the force analysis of sugarcane in the process of sugarcane movement, the design of unequal pitch spiral drum was put forward. The spiral line equation, the diameter and installation angle of the spiral drum were obtained by the change of spatial coordinates. Through the analysis of sugarcane conveying motion, the working speed of the conveying and laying mechanism and the laying angle of sugarcane were determined. Through the analysis of sugarcane cutting mechanism, the key parameters such as cutting form, cutter diameter and rotation speed of sugarcane cutting mechanism were obtained. The working width of the whole machine was designed to be 1100mm, the working speed was 1.8km/h, and the production efficiency was 0.176hm2/h. The field test results of the prototype showed that when the forward speed was 452.28mm/s, the rotation speed of the sugarcane cutting mechanism was 562.12r/min, and the inclination angle of the cutter head was 12.27°, the orthogonal test response surface analysis was used to obtain the minimum head breaking rate of the sugarcane cutting machine, which was 8.398%, the total working loss rate was 1.71%, and the working state of the whole machine was good during the test, which can meet the design requirements of the whole machine.