微润灌多重变水头下土壤水分动态演变与数值模拟
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国家自然科学基金项目(52109053)、国家科技奖后备培育项目(20212AEI91011)、江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20200523)、江西省水利科学院开放基金项目(2021SKTR03)、中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M690874)和江西省科技+水利联合项目(2023KSG01002)


Mechanisms of Soil Water Dynamics in Moistube Irrigation under Regulated Multiple-variable Working Pressure Heads and Corresponding Simulation
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    摘要:

    为研究水头多重调控下微润管出流与土壤水分运移规律,进行了不同水头调控模式下微润灌入渗试验,设置调增(0→1m(水头由0m调节到1m,以下类推)、0→2m、1→2m)和调减水头(1→0m、2→0m、2→1m),研究微润管出流、湿润体及含水率变化规律;将微润管假定为多孔介质重黏土,利用HYDRUS 2D模型对水头多重调控下微润管出流和土壤水分运移进行了模拟,据此分析了多重变水头情景下微润灌土壤水分动态规律。结果表明,水头调节显著改变累积入渗量、入渗率与时间关系曲线,累积入渗量曲线呈折线型,曲线斜率随着调增或调减而有规律增减;水头调节导致入渗率发生骤增或骤降,稳定入渗率与水头存在线性正相关关系。调增水头时湿润锋内含水率骤升,正向反馈显著;水头调减后管周含水率微弱下降后逐渐回升。将微润管模拟为质地黏重的多孔介质,基于HYDRUS 2D模型较好地模拟了微润管出流及水分运移,优度较好(决定系数R2≥0.90,纳什效率系数(NSE)大于等于0.70,相对标准偏差(RSR)趋近于0)。构建了多重水头调控模式(0→1→2m、0→2→1m、1→0→2m、1→2→0m、2→0→1m、2→1→0m),分析了多情景下微润灌土壤水分动态规律,发现水头调增后入渗率随时间呈现“指数减小后稳定”规律,而调减后入渗率表现为“指数增加后稳定”;连续调增0→1→2m方案下,最终累积入渗量最大;连续调减下(2→1→0m)累积入渗量较调增方案降低3.7%,可通过调控水头控制湿润锋推移和湿润体内含水率分布,且微润管附近含水率对水头调控响应更为显著。研究可为微润灌动态水头调控提供科学依据,并与智慧灌溉相融合实时调控水头,适量地补给作物需水并维系根区适宜水分环境,实现精准灌溉。

    Abstract:

    Moistube continuously fertigates the crop-root zone through the nano pores on the Moistube, as required by the crop water demands. To investigate the Moistube discharge and water movement, a series of Moistube irrigation experiments was conducted under different regulated working pressure heads (WPH) in Moistube. The scenarios of WPH increase (0→1m, 0→2m and 1→2m) and WPH decrease (1→0m, 2→0m and 2→1m) adjustments were designed. The Moistube discharge, wetting front advance and soil water dynamics were studied. The HYDRUS 2D model was used to simulate the Moistube discharge and soil moisture transport under regulated WPH, by assuming the Moistube as a porous medium clay. After the model performance was validated, the soil moisture dynamics of moitube irrigation under scenarios of multiple WPH adjustments were analyzed accordingly. The results showed that regulation of WPH significantly changed the cumulative infiltration volume and infiltration rate with respect to time. The curve of cumulative infiltration with time was manifested as a fold line comprising of two interaction lines. The slope of lines was increased or decreased regularly with WPH adjustment. WPH adjustments gave rise to sudden increases or decreases in infiltration rate, and the stabilized infiltration rate was linearly correlated with the adjusted WPH. With increase of WPH, the moisture content within the wetting front was sharply risen, displaying significantly positive feedback. When the WPH was decreased, the water content around the Moistube was slightly decreased, and then rose gradually as the moisture redistributed. The Moistube was treated as a clay porous medium, and the Moistube discharge and water flow transport was well simulated based on the HYDRUS 2D model. The model performances were rated as ‘good’, with coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.90, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) was not less than 0.70 and RSR approached 0. Multiple WPH regulation scenarios (0→1→2m, 0→2→1m, 1→0→2m, 1→2→0m, 2→0→1m and 2→1→0m) were formulated. The soil-water dynamics around the Moistube under all scenarios were analyzed. It was found that the infiltration rate showed exponentially decreasing and subsequent stabilizing trend with respect to time after the WPH was increased. However, following a decrease in WPH, the infiltration rate showed an exponential increase followed by stabilization. The final cumulative infiltration volume was maximum under the consecutive incremental WPH scenario (for instance, 0→1→2m);and the consecutive decremental WPH scenario (2→1→0m) resulted in a minimum cumulative infiltration, which was reduced by 3.7% compared with the 0→1→2m treatment. It was feasible to regulate the wetting front advance and the moisture condition within the wetting front by adjusting WPH. The moisture condition around the Moistube was more sensitive in response to the regulation of WPH. The results provided scientific and theoretical basis for dynamically regulating the working pressure head of Moistube. The Moistube irrigation technique could also be integrated with intelligent irrigation by automatically adjusting the WPH, in order to maintain an appropriate water environment within the root zone and to conduct precise irrigation.

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王策,叶津阳,邢栋,许瑞,滕梓灵,陈婧莹.微润灌多重变水头下土壤水分动态演变与数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2023,54(11):306-318,368. WANG Ce, YE Jinyang, XING Dong, XU Rui, TENG Ziling, CHEN Jingying. Mechanisms of Soil Water Dynamics in Moistube Irrigation under Regulated Multiple-variable Working Pressure Heads and Corresponding Simulation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(11):306-318,368.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-08
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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-11-10
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