In order to achieve uniformity and stable seed discharge, a uniform seeding control system for ratoon cane reseeding machines was developed and designed to address the problem of pre-cut ratoon cane reseeding, which consisted of a roller rake, a cane pressure plate, a seed box and an electronic control system. By using EDEM to conduct simulation analysis and virtual tests on the seeding process of the seeding mechanism, the impact of the main working parameters of the system on the seeding performance was discussed, and the mechanism was optimized. Through the one-factor test and Box-Behnken response surface orthogonal test, the relationship between the influence of roller harrow rotational speed, cane pressurization pressure, the number of cane seeds in the seed box, and the activity angle of the cane pressurization plate on the uniformity of seed discharging was investigated, the response surface equation of the seed discharging performance of the seed discharging mechanism was established, and the control model and control algorithm for the adjustment of the parameters of the seed discharging system were constructed. Taking the remaining amount of sugarcane seeds in the seed box as the input of the controller, and the controller adjusts the roller rake speed and the pressure of the cane press to realize the uniform seeding of the seeding discharge system. The test results showed that when the parameter self-tuning seeding control system was used for seeding operations, the seeding pass rate was 94.44%, which was an increase of 8.88 percentage points compared with that of the seeding system without parameter self-tuning, and the seeding uniformity calculated based on variance was 0.46pcs2. The research result can provide theoretical technical support to improve the uniformity and stability of ratoon cane replanting.