Rapeseed stalks are nutrient rich vegetable, but the harvesting of rapeseed stalks mainly relies on manual labor, because it is lack of mechanized harvesting equipment for rapeseed stalks，which seriously restricts the development of the rapeseed stalks production. In order to realizing mechanized harvesting for rapeseed stalks，a row-following rapeseed stalks orderly harvester was designed. The machine was mainly composed of narrow track chassis, divider, single disc cutter, flexible conveying device and motors to realize the functions of cutting, clamping, conveying, collecting and laying stalks. The overall structure and working process of harvesting were expounded. The parameters of the rotational speed and installation position of disc cutter were designed based on the clamping cutting theory. According to the kinematics and mechanical analysis of rape stalk in the process of conveying, the speed of conveyor and clearance between the two conveyors were designed. Based on the force balance conditions of the rapeseed stalk during the laying process, the range of the inclination angle of the guide plate was determined. The rapeseed stalks orderly harvester was developed, and field experiments with the cutting damage rate and variation coefficient of laying angle as the evaluation indexes were carried out. The quadratic polynomial regression models between the evaluation indexes and factors were established, and the influence of each factor on the evaluation indexes were analyzed. The optimal model for evaluation indexes was obtained. The results showed that the comprehensive cutting effect and orderly laying effect was the best when the machine forward speed was 0.5m/s, the cutting blade speed was 910r/min, the conveying speed was 0.75m/s, and the inclination angle of the guide plate was 49°. The verification test showed that under the optimized parameter combination conditions, the cutting damage rate and variation coefficient of laying angle results were 4.95% and 9.55%, respectively, which met the requirements of rapeseed stalks orderly harvesting. The research result can provide reference for the design and parameters optimization of rapeseed stalks orderly harvesting equipment.