For rice-oil rotation area of the mid-lower Yangtze River rapeseed simple and highly-scale production needs and the current machine operation prone to uneven compartment surface, crushed soil quality and “drying seed”, resulting in low seedling rate of oilseed rape production problems, a kind of rapeseed direct seeding machine with furrow opener and shallow plowing was designed, to achieve the middle open border furrow, the border furrow soil throwing cover both sides of the compartment surface, shallow rotary soil leveling parts to level soil, fine crushed compartment soil and evenly mixed soil and straw function. Based on the principle of slip-cutting and resistance reduction and the theory of extrusion mechanics, the structural parameters of middle open bed furrow components, gully shaping components and shallow rotating screed components were determined, resulting in the number of curved knives installed in the middle open bed trench disc being 4, the cutting pitch being 60mm, the lateral inclination of the shaping surface of gully shaping components being 67°, the front inclination being 3°, the eccentric circle radius of the side cutting edge of the shallow rotary knife being 182mm and the slip-cutting angle being 42.4°. The EDEM software was used to carry out orthogonal test. The optimum structural parameters to be taken for the spiral screed blades were determined as follows: 100mm for spiral radius, 350mm for pitch and number of spiral heads was 1; and the shallow rotary blade and spiral screed blades structural layout were determined. The field experiments showed that when the forward speed of the unit was 7km/h, the rapeseed direct seeding machine with furrow opener and shallow plowing device had a flat compartment surface, complete with ravine furrow pattern, the stubble burying rate was 84.38%, the soil broking rate was 86.41%, the soil surface planeness was 30.18mm, the furrow depth and furrow width stability were more than 85%, seedling emergence rate was 75.47%. The results met the requirements for direct seeding of oilseed rape. The research result can provide a reference for the design of implements to achieve light, efficient and high quality mechanized direct seeding of rape in the region.