猕猴桃果园有机肥免开沟施肥机设计与试验
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陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟重大科技项目(LMZD201703)和陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022NY-204、2023-ZDLSF-62)


Design and Test of Applicator for Kiwifruit Orchards to Mix Organic Fertilizer into Soil without Furrowing
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    摘要:

    针对猕猴桃等藤架式果园狭小空间对有机肥施肥机的限制及现有施肥方式费工费时、肥效低的问题,结合猕猴桃根系浅层分布的生长特点,提出了一种机械化有机肥免开沟施肥方法。该方法包括撒肥、肥-土混合和覆土3个一体化连续步骤,施肥过程不开沟,地表不露肥。基于此,设计了有机肥免开沟施肥机,整机高度1.5m,配套动力37.5kW,肥箱容积1.2m3,主要包括低矮侧座拖拉机、施肥拖车、抛肥装置、混肥装置、抗扭装置、卷轴装置。混肥装置旋转切土,实现肥-土混合以及混合层的土壤覆盖。确定了抗扭轮半径以平衡混肥装置单侧布置产生的扭矩,设计的卷轴装置可同步收放混肥与抗扭装置,并根据地形调整混肥装置倾角。通过混肥装置离散元仿真确定最优的刀机速比为32。试验结果表明,在最大设计施肥深度150mm、施肥量5kg/m工况下,肥-土全层混合,施肥深度的相对误差小于等于7.73%,露肥率小于等于5.56%,混肥装置平均功耗为4.7kW,满足猕猴桃果园有机肥施肥要求。

    Abstract:

    The small space of kiwifruit and other pergola-structured orchards restricts the use of organic fertilizer applicators. The existing fertilization methods are labour-intensive and time-consuming, with low fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, a mechanized no-furrowing deep organic fertilizer application method was proposed, considering kiwifruit’s growth characteristics and shallow root distribution. The method consisted of three simultaneous and successive steps: fertilizer spreading, fertilizer-soil mixing and soil covering. No furrow was opened during fertilizer application, but the fertilizer was mixed into the soil and not exposed to the ground. Based on this method, a non-furrowing deep organic fertilizer applicator for kiwifruit orchards was developed with height of 1.5m, power configuration of 37.5kW, and fertilizer box volume of 1.2m3. The organic fertilizer applicator consisted of a low-side seat tractor, fertilizer trailer, fertilizer spreading mechanism, fertilizer mixing mechanism, anti-twisting mechanism, and reel mechanism. The fertilizer mixing mechanism rotated and cut the soil to realize the fertilizer-soil mixing and the soil covering of the mixed layer. The radius of the anti-twisting wheel was determined to balance the torque generated by the one-sided arrangement of the fertilizer mixing mechanism. The reel mechanism simultaneously retracted the fertilizer mixing mechanism and the anti-twisting mechanism, and the working angle of the fertilizer mixing mechanism can be adjusted according to the terrain. The optimal knife-to-machine speed ratio was determined as 32 based on the discrete element simulation analysis of the working process of fertilizer mixing mechanism. The results of field test showed that under the working condition of the maximum designed fertilizer applying depth of 150mm and the fertilization amount of 5.0kg/m, organic fertilizer was mixed into the soil, the relative error of the fertilizer applying depth was less than or equal to 7.73%, the fertilizer exposure rate was less than or equal to 5.56%, and the average power consumption of the fertilizer mixing mechanism was 4.7kW, which met the requirements of organic fertilizer application in kiwifruit orchards. The research result provided a novel method and efficient equipment for organic fertilizer application in kiwifruit and other pergola-structured orchards.

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朱新华,赵怀松,伏胜康,李旭东,郭文川,张李娴.猕猴桃果园有机肥免开沟施肥机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2023,54(9):133-142. ZHU Xinhua, ZHAO Huaisong, FU Shengkang, LI Xudong, GUO Wenchuan, ZHANG Lixian. Design and Test of Applicator for Kiwifruit Orchards to Mix Organic Fertilizer into Soil without Furrowing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(9):133-142.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-01
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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-09-10
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