Respiration and rumination are the most basic physiological activities of dairy goats. The timely and accurate simultaneous obtain of the information on respiratory and rumination of dairy goats can provide data support for evaluating the health status of dairy goats. Aiming at the deficiency of the existing methods for simultaneous monitoring of respiration and rumination, a method for simultaneously monitoring respiration and rumination of a single lying dairy goats was proposed based on acoustic impulse response. Firstly, the multipath effect of acoustics in indoor space was used to realize omnidirectional acquisition of breast undulation during respiration and mouth chewing movement during rumination of dairy goats. Secondly, the impulse response of the received and transmitted signals was calculated to capture the characteristics of the periodic changes of multipath signals caused by respiration and rumination. Then the frequency difference of respiration and rumination was used to separate respiration and rumination signals. Finally, after amplitude normalization and phase synchronization, visualization of breath and rumination waveforms was realized. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, the lying dairy goats were selected in different positions and orientations to conduct respiration and rumination monitoring experiments, and the influence of environmental noise on the test was analyzed. The results showed that for dairy goats at different orientations, the average relative error of this method was 2.60% for respiration, 3.51% for rumination, and 2.49% for frame leakage.The results of this study can provide technical support for the health monitoring of dairy goats with infectious diseases and other separately fed dairy goats.