Seed micro-invasive sampling equipment is an intelligent tool designed for the seed slicing sampling process in biotechnological breeding. It utilizes technologies such as electromechanical control and machine vision to achieve a fully automated and comprehensive process for seed gene sampling. Its application and implementation effectively enhances the efficiency and quality of germplasm resource cultivation, thereby promoting the revitalization of the seed industry. To clarify the future development direction of seed minimally invasive sampling technology and equipment, a historical overview of seed slicing detection and the current research status of equipment was presented. Subsequently, the key technologies of seed micro-invasive sampling were systematically divided into seed separation, posture adjustment, clamping and transportation, sampling, and sample collection and cleaning technologies, which were systematically categorized and analyzed in terms of their research status and development trends. Building upon this foundation, combined with the development requirements and application scenarios of seed slice sampling equipment, insufficient cutting theory, limited multi-scale versatility, and system integration to be improved that seed slice sampling equipment faces were summarized and the future development direction was to strengthen the basic theoretical research of seed slicing equipment, develop a multi-scale universal seed slicing platform, and develop a smart sampling and detection system for the entire production process.