Human activities and climate affect land use change, and land use change is one of the most fundamental factors influencing habitat quality change. It is important to investigate habitat quality under different climate scenarios for sustainable use of regional land resources and ecological conservation. Taking Nanchang City as an example, and the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs) were predicted based on coupled system dynamics (SD)-patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model simulations. The integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs (InVEST) model evaluated the land use pattern of Nanchang City in 2035 under combination of SSPs and RCPs. The results showed that under the three scenarios, the area of arable land, forest land and grassland in Nanchang City was decreased in 2035, the land for construction was expanded rapidly, and the change in water and unused land was small. Under the three climate scenarios, the habitat quality of Nanchang City in 2035 showed a decelerating trend of decline, mainly showing a shift from medium to low habitats, and the degradation degree from large to small was SSP585, SSP245, and SSP119. The research results can provide scientific reference for high-quality development and biodiversity conservation in Nanchang City, and it can also provide scientific reference for high-quality development and biodiversity conservation in Nanchang City.