玉米籽粒清选波浪筛机构设计与试验
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国家自然科学基金项目(52075091)和黑龙江省博士后面上基金项目(LBH-Z20114)


Design and Experiment of Mechanism of Wave Screen for Maize Grain Cleaning
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    摘要:

    为提高装置对大喂入量玉米脱出物的清选性能,基于曲柄-双摇杆设计了一种波浪筛机构,通过多筛片组“下凹”与“近似展平”姿态的连续转换,实现了整个筛体的波浪式运动,通过理论分析确定了波浪筛结构。采用CFD-DEM耦合仿真对波浪筛清选装置内气固两相运动进行了数值模拟,得出波浪筛清选装置内上部空间可形成一条高速气流带,其有利于杂余吹散,近筛层气流速度沿波浪筛纵向呈先降低后升高趋势,有利于配合筛片组的“下凹”与“近似展平”实现筛上物料运移与暂时滞留,在筛体波浪式运动下筛上籽粒陆续完成撞筛、滞留、抛起、越筛,此种筛分方式提高了籽粒的透筛效率。以清选装置入口气流速度、筛体安装倾角、驱动轴转速为试验因素,以籽粒的清洁率和损失率为指标,进行了二次正交旋转组合仿真试验,建立了各因素与指标间的数学模型,优化获得了各参数的最优组合为:清选装置入口气流速度为14.6m/s,筛体安装倾角为8.5°,驱动轴转速为240r/min。高速摄像台架试验结果表明:波浪筛上籽粒的实际运动与仿真中籽粒运动基本一致,验证了仿真结果的准确性;在玉米脱出物喂入量高达7kg/s时,波浪筛清选装置籽粒的清洁率和损失率分别为99.12%和0.45%,筛分21kg玉米脱出物时间为6.86s,波浪筛机构能够满足大喂入量玉米脱出物的清选要求。

    Abstract:

    To improve the performance of cleaning device under the condition of large feeding mass of maize mixture, a wave screen for maize grain cleaning was designed based on crank and double rockers mechanism. The concave and approximate flattening of the wave screen were realized by the combined movement of multi-stage screens. Structure of wave sieve was determined based on theoretical analysis. CFD-DEM method was used for numerical simulating the motion of gas-solid two-phase in wave screen cleaning device. A high speed airflow belt could be formed in the upper space in the cleaning device, which was beneficial to the blowing of impurities. The airflow velocity near the wave sieve was decreased first and then increased along the longitudinal direction of wave sieve. The airflow distribution near sieve layer was beneficial to the migration and temporary retention of materials on sieve when sieve group moved in wave mode. Maize grains successively completed the impact on the screen, retention, which were thrown and passed over the screen under the motion of the wave screen, which could improve the efficiency of grain penetrating the sieve hole. The air velocity at the inlet of the cleaning device, the angle of installed screen and rotational speed of drive shaft were selected as the test factors. The loss rate, cleaning rate and screening efficiency of maize grains were selected as test indexes. The quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test was carried out. The mathematical models between factors and indicators were established. The best combination of parameters was obtained as follows: the airflow velocity of cleaning device inlet was 14.6m/s, the angle of installed screen was 8.5°, and the rotational speed of drive shaft was 240r/min. The high-speed camera bench test was carried out. The motion of the grains on the wave screen in the bench test was as same as that in the simulation, which verified the accuracy of the simulation result. When the feeding mass of maize mixture was as large as 7kg/s, the cleaning rate of grains after screening by wave sieve was 99.12%, and the loss rate of grains was reduced by 0.45%. The time of screening 21kg maize mixture was 6.86s, and the mechanism of wave screen could meet the requirement of cleaning large feeding mass of maize mixture.

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冯鑫,王立军,于琨蒙,高云鹏,毕晟莹,王博.玉米籽粒清选波浪筛机构设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2023,54(4):142-154. FENG Xin, WANG Lijun, YU Kunmeng, GAO Yunpeng, BI Shengying, WANG Bo. Design and Experiment of Mechanism of Wave Screen for Maize Grain Cleaning[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(4):142-154.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-11
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-11-14
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