Food production and supply is related to national security and stability. In view of the low level of data sharing and low level of intelligent management and control in the current food supply chain, a digital twin system of food supply chain based on industrial Internet identity resolution technology was built. Taking the rice supply chain as a typical object, firstly, a digital model of the whole rice supply chain covering purchase, transportation, processing, warehousing, packaging and sales was designed, and all elements of the identification coding and data open sharing based on the identification analysis system were studied, and a digital bridge between the physical object and the information system was established. The digital twin architecture, including physical layer, network layer and twin layer was proposed to form the basis for data circulation and sharing based on industrial Internet, and the key model of the twin architecture was defined. The whole element accurate modeling process of equipment, production line, materials and other objects was described in detail, forming a digital twin model integrating geometric model, physical model, behavior model and rule constraint model. Finally, with the help of Unity3D software and C # programming technology, the rice supply chain digital twin prototype system was built to realize the three-dimensional visual monitoring of the production line. The experimental results showed that, on the basis of full sharing of all factor data of the supply chain, the system improved the intelligent supervision capability of the rice supply chain to a certain extent through three-dimensional display, predictive control and intelligent decision-making, and provided reference for the digital transformation of industrial Internet and other technology enabled industries.