Aiming at the problems of low efficiency in the sowing operation of potato breeding experiments in China, and poor plant spacing uniformity, the sowing accuracy of breeding experiments cannot meet the breeding requirements. A potato breeding experiment planter was designed. The type seed metering device enabled the seed potatoes to be seeded from the same position, thereby improving the uniformity of plant spacing.Taking the qualified rate of plant spacing and the coefficient of variation of plant spacing uniformity as evaluation indicators, the movement state of seed potatoes after seeding, seed guiding and landing was analyzed. The angle between the seed height, the initial position of the seed drop and the forward speed direction of the machine was obtained;and based on the rotation regression orthogonal test, the regression model between the evaluation index and the influencing factors was established, and the factor range when the test index was optimal was obtained. The field verification test showed that when the forward speed of the tractor was 0.14m/s, the seeding height of the grid was 0.64m, and the angle between the initial position of the seed drop and the direction of the forward speed of the machine was 18.24°, the qualified rate of plant spacing was 87.1%, the coefficient of variation of plant spacing uniformity was 13.4%, and all performance indicators exceeded the design requirements of national standards, which improved the efficiency and quality of potato breeding experiments, and improved the precision and accuracy of potato breeding experiments.