Data mining technology based on cluster analysis can promote the precision production, fine management, and precise marketing of agriculture, which is of great value to realize the precision of agriculture and then promote the efficiency and modernization of agriculture. The connotation and methodological system of data mining technology based on cluster analysis were reviewed, including feature selection and feature extraction, distance metric, clustering algorithm classification, and clustering performance evaluation index;and then the current research on the application of cluster analysis in five major directions of agriculture—plant and animal genetic breeding data mining,precision management of farmland zoning, agricultural product quality evaluation, market segmentation of agricultural products, and farmer heterogeneity analysis were combed;finally, a summary of cluster analysis in agriculture was presented, and an outlook was given based on the actual needs in agriculture and the development of cluster analysis technology, which provided insight into the theoretical research and in-depth application of clustering technology in agriculture.