Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and high damage rate of artificial harvesting in domestic apple orchards, an apple harvesting platform conveying device was designed to realize the automatic conveying of apples. Firstly, through the kinematic analysis of apple conveying process, the main factors affecting apple mechanical damage and the test value range of each factor were determined. Secondly, according to the Box-Behnken test design method, taking the conveying speed, the dip angle of the fruit tray and the shape of the fruit tray as the test factors and the damage rate as the test index, the operating parameters of the conveying device of the apple harvesting platform were tested and studied, and the regression model between the test index and the test factors was established. Finally, the influence law of each factor on the test index was analyzed, and the test factors were comprehensively optimized according to the regression model. The results showed that when the conveying speed was 0.2m/s, the dip angle of the fruit tray was 30°, and the shape of the fruit tray was a circular platform, the apple damage rate was 3.69%, which was significantly lower than the mechanical damage of the apple conveying device without parameter optimization, and the conveying effect was the best. The results could provide a reference for the structural optimization of apple orchard harvesting platform and the control of transportation parameters.