In order to investigate the effect of aerated irrigation technology on soil respiration rate and its regulation mechanism, and improve the mechanism of soil respiration emission under aerated irrigation technology, a three-year (2019—2021) localization experiment was conducted at the National Soil Quality Zhanjiang Observatory as a platform, with two experimental observations each year, to investigate the effects of aerated irrigation (AI) and nonaerated irrigation (CK) on soil respiration rate, soil temperature, water content, oxygen content, soil bacterial biomass and root biomass. The results showed that AI treatments increased soil respiration rate and soil oxygen content by 12.30%~20.54% and 19.90%~25.70%, respectively, increased plant root biomass and soil bacterial biomass by 15.30%~22.67% and 35.10%~69.17%, respectively, and decreased soil water content by 3.36%~14.30%. The effects of different treatments on soil temperature were not significant. The regression fitting results showed that soil respiration rate under both treatments had a negative quadratic polynomial correlation with soil temperature and soil water content, a linear positive correlation with soil oxygen content, a positive power function correlation with root biomass, and an exponential positive correlation with soil bacterial biomass. The variable importance for projection (VIP) values of the PLSR model indicated that soil temperature and soil water content were not significantly affected by the different treatments. VIP values indicated that soil temperature (VIP 1.48), soil oxygen content (VIP 1.40), root biomass (VIP 1.25) and bacterial biomass (VIP 1.09) were the main influencing factors on the changes of soil respiration rate. Soil respiration rate can be driven by aerated irrigation by changing soil oxygen content, root biomass and bacterial biomass. The research reuslt can provide a theoretical basis for improving the response mechanism of soil respiration rate change under aerated irrigation and formulating effective soil carbon emission control management measures.