Land space development and eco-environment is closely related and mutually dependent, and the coupling coordination and spatial correlation pattern between land space development and eco-environment has a great significance to promote high-quality development and ecological civilization construction in the region. The entropy weight method and index system evaluation method were employed to calculate the land space development degree and eco-environment level of prefecture-level cities from 2008 to 2018 in Henan Province respectively. On this basis, the coupling coordination degree model and spatial auto-correlation method were adopted to evaluate their coupling coordination degree and spatial correlation of spatial-temporal pattern characteristics. The results showed that from 2008 to 2018, the land space development level of each cities was stable and improved, and the eco-environment level of each city showed a tendency of slow reduction and improvement. The coupling coordination degree of land space development and eco-environment in Henan Province was in a verge of disorders and barely coordination stage at present in the whole, and it showed an increasing trend over time, with obvious differences in spatial distribution. On the whole, it presented a pattern of “coordinated transition in the middle and east, coordinated promotion in the middle and northwest”. The global spatial auto-correlation results showed that there was a positive correlation of land space development and eco-environment level. In addition, the coupling coordination degree between land space development and eco-environment was positively correlated over the years, and had obvious agglomeration characteristics. The HH type emerged as the shape of “cluster”, and the LL type was changed from “scatter” to “cluster”, while LH type was mostly scattered around LL type. Spatially, the central and western regions had a high degree of coupling coordination, and most of them formed HH agglomeration area, while the eastern and southern regions had weak coupling coordination, and most of them formed LL agglomeration area. It was suggested to implement scientific and highquality development path of land space, reasonably coordinate the social, economic and ecological environment of Henan Province, and then promote regional sustainable development.