Aiming at the operation requirements of electric tractors under various working conditions, a structural scheme of bidirectional coupling device suitable for dual-motor electric tractors was proposed. On the basis of studying the transmission theory of planetary gear mechanism, the proposed scheme was topologically designed, and the optimal transmission scheme was selected by analyzing its transmission characteristics. Power matching and parameter calculation on the selected scheme were performed to obtain specific characteristic parameters. SolidWorks was used for parametric modeling to obtain a three-dimensional model of the bidirectional coupling device. A virtual prototype model of the coupling device was established based on ADAMS, and kinematics simulation analysis was performed on it. The prototype of the bidirectional coupling device was trialproduced and the installation test was carried out. Based on ANSYS Workbench, a finite element model of the bidirectional coupling device was established. Through modal analysis, the first ten natural frequencies and corresponding modal diagrams of the bidirectional coupling device were obtained, and the maximum excitation frequency that can be generated by the dual motors was deduced. The analysis result showed that the designed bidirectional coupling device of electric tractor can realize the bidirectional coupling flow of power, with fast response speed, stable power transmission and small impact. The first-order natural frequency of the bidirectional coupling device was 1905.5Hz, which was higher than the excitation frequency band of 1020~1380Hz of the motor, and it can avoid resonance and meet the operating requirements of the electric tractor under multiple working conditions.